RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In order to establish a relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), a systematic review was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic research was performed based on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, BIREME, Lilacs and Scielo data bases, between 2003 and 2014 including all languages. Descriptive clinical cases were identified. Two independent authors selected the articles. PICO format was used to analyse the studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to verify the quality of the evidence. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies (n = 39) were analysed in this review. According to bruxism diagnosis, articles were grouped as follows: polysomnographic diagnosis (PSG) (n = 7), clinical diagnosis (n = 11) and survey/self-report (n = 21). Thirty-three articles (n = 33) established a positive relation between bruxism and TMD and six (n = 6) did not. Quality of evidence was low to moderate. In general, the most part of the studies showed shortcomings on their design with bias risk, and also had a low sensitivity on bruxism diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence based on PSG was not as conclusive as the studies that used surveys and clinical exam to diagnosis bruxism, when bruxism was related to TMD. Sleep bruxism could be associated with myofascial pain, arthralgia and joint pathology as disc displacement and joint noises. Although the evidence at present is inconclusive and does not provide information according to the type of bruxism (bruxism sleep and wakefulness), it is possible to suggest that bruxism would be associated with TMD.
Assuntos
Bruxismo/complicações , Bruxismo do Sono/complicações , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicações , Artralgia/complicações , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/complicações , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicaçõesRESUMO
Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el lado de masticación habitual y la presencia de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en adultos jóvenes. Materiales y métodos Estudio analítico de casos y controles, ciego simple, en estudiantes adultos jóvenes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. La muestra consistió en 70 sujetos (22-26 años). Se utilizó el ángulo funcional masticatorio (AFM) para definir el lado de masticación habitual y el RDC/TMD para determinar el tipo de TTM y el lado con mayor prevalencia. Se aplicó el test de Chi-cuadrado y el test exacto de Fisher (IC 95%). Resultados Un total de 56 sujetos (80,0%) fueron masticadores unilaterales y 14 (20,0%) masticadores bilaterales. En 34 sujetos (48,6%) se diagnosticó patología según RDC/TMD, mientras que en 36 individuos (51,4%) no se evidenció TTM. No hubo diferencia respecto al lado de masticación y presencia de TTM (p = 0,63). Se observó una alta tendencia entre la masticación unilateral y presencia de patología articular (grupos II y III, RDC/TMD) (p = 0,06). Conclusión A pesar de observarse una alta tendencia entre masticación unilateral y patología articular, la relación entre tipo de masticación y TTM no ha podido establecerse. Si bien tampoco se encontró diferencia significativa entre lado de masticación y su coincidencia con el lado de la patología, esto podría ser por la diversidad de factores implicados en los TTM.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the habitual chewing side and the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in young adults. Materials and methods An analytical case-control and simple blind study was performed on 70 young adult subjects (22-26 years) from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile. The masticatory functional angle (MFA) was used to determine the habitual chewing side in all subjects, as well as applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) in order to determine the type of TMD and the most prevalent side. Data were analysed using Chi squared test and Fisher's exact test (95% CI). Results A total of 56 subjects (80.0%) were unilateral chewers and 14 (20.0%) were bilateral chewers. A diagnosis of TMD was made in 34 (48.6%) subjects according to RDC/TMD, while 36 individuals (51.4%) showed no evidence of any disorder. There were no differences between unilateral chewing and the presence of TMD (p=0.63). There was a high trend between unilateral chewing and presence of joint disease (groups II and III, RDC/TMD) (p=0.06). Conclusion Despite a high trend between unilateral chewing and joint disease observed, the relationship between the type of chewing and TMD has not been established. No relationship was found between the chewing side and its coincidence with the disease side. This could be because of the different factors involved in TMD.