RESUMO
Knowledge regarding the succession patterns of insects that visit carcasses as well as the other arthropod that colonise them and analysis of the parameters that are associated with larvae allow calculation of the minimum postmortem interval (PMI). This information is obtained from experiments carried out under specific geoclimatic conditions, which determine their application in forensic environments under similar conditions. The field study presented here is the first in Chile to analyse the decomposition process of pig carcasses and the associated succession of insects, colonising species and parameters related to larval masses. All of the larvae obtained from daily samples were measured (in mm), and their mean, range, standard deviation and stage of development (instars) were determined. The carcasses reached the dry remains stage in only 11 days. Seven species of Diptera visited the carcass during the process, but only two species colonised it by means of egg deposition followed by development of larvae: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) and Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), which exhibited a duration of the development cycle from egg to adult of 21 days. The collected Coleoptera correspond to five predator species (Staphilinidae and Histeridae). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that only some of the insect species present in this region can provide information that can be used in forensic entomology and that analysis of larval masses of colonising species can be a valuable tool for determining the PMI(min) in this region of Chile.
Assuntos
Besouros , Dípteros , Comportamento Alimentar , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Animais , Chile , Entomologia , Patologia Legal , Larva , Estações do Ano , SuínosRESUMO
Tanycytes are bipolar cells bridging the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the portal capillaries and may link the CSF to neuroendocrine events. During the perinatal period a subpopulation of radial glial cells differentiates into tanycytes, a cell lineage sharing some properties with astrocytes and the radial glia, but displaying unique and distinct morphological, molecular, and functional characteristics. Four populations of tanycytes, alpha(1,2) and beta(1,2), can be distinguished. These subtypes express differentially important functional molecules, such as glucose and glutamate transporters; a series of receptors for neuropeptide and peripheral hormones; secretory molecules such as transforming growth factors, prostaglandin E(2), and the specific protein P85; and proteins of the endocytic pathways. This results in functional differences between the four subtypes of tanycytes. Thus, alpha(1,2) tanycytes do not have barrier properties, whereas beta(1,2) tanycytes do. Different types of tanycytes use different mechanisms to internalize and transport cargo molecules; compounds internalized via a clathrin-dependent endocytosis would only enter tanycytes from the CSF. There are also differences in the neuron-tanycyte relationships; beta(1,2) tanycytes are innervated by peptidergic and aminergic neurons, but alpha(1,2) tanycytes are not. Important aspects of the neuron-beta(1) tanycyte relationships have been elucidated. Tanycytes can participate in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the portal blood by expressing estrogen receptors, absorbing molecules from the CSF, and providing signal(s) to the GnRH neurons. Removal of tanycytes prevents the pulse of GnRH release into the portal blood, the peak of luteinizing hormone, and ovulation. The discovery in tanycytes of new functional molecules is opening a new field of research. Thus, thyroxine deiodinase type II, an enzyme generating triiodothyronine (T(3)) from thyroxine, appears to be exclusively expressed by tanycytes, suggesting that these cells are the main source of brain T(3). Glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), a low-affinity transporter of glucose and fructose, and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels are expressed by tanycytes, suggesting that they may sense CSF glucose concentrations.
Assuntos
Hipotálamo Médio/citologia , Hipotálamo Médio/fisiologia , Sistemas Neurossecretores/fisiologia , Animais , Astrócitos/citologia , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/fisiologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica/citologia , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiologia , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/fisiologia , Glândulas Endócrinas/citologia , Glândulas Endócrinas/fisiologia , Endocitose/fisiologia , Epêndima/química , Epêndima/citologia , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/sangue , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Hipotálamo Médio/metabolismo , Masculino , Neuroglia/citologia , Neuroglia/metabolismo , Neuroglia/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Sistemas Neurossecretores/citologia , Ratos , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presence of leukocytes, detected by peroxidase test in semen, can be a good indicator of infections in the male genital tract. Peroxidase positive cells have been positively correlated with elevated values of elastase, one of the major proteases liberated by granulocytes at the inflammation place. However, seminal granulocytes may not be adequately detected by the peroxidase test in comparison with immunological methods. AIM: To correlate the determination of peroxidase positive cells with the elastase level in the seminal plasma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seminal plasma from 64 patients with a high number of round cells (> 106/ml) in semen, was studied. Correlation analysis was done using the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: No correlation between the level of granulocyte elastase and the number of peroxidase positive cells (r = 0.2237, p > 0.05), or even the number of round cells (r = 0.03934, p > 0.05) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the determination of peroxidase positive cells is not a reliable indicator of leukocytes in the seminal plasma and their absence do not discard a silent genital tract infection.
Assuntos
Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos/métodos , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/diagnóstico , Infecções/diagnóstico , Elastase de Leucócito/análise , Peroxidase/análise , Sêmen/enzimologia , Biomarcadores/análise , Granulócitos/enzimologia , Humanos , Leucócitos/enzimologia , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sêmen/citologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few studies looking for collagen matrix defects in patients with inguinal bernia. AIM: To study the skin connective tissue in patients with and without inguinal bernia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Skin from the surgical wound was obtained from 23 patients with and 23 patients without inguinal bernia. The samples were processed for conventional light microscopy. Collagen fibers were stained with Van Giesson and elastic fibers with Weigert stain. RESULTS: Patients without hernia had compact collagen tracts homogeneously distributed towards the deep dermis. In contrast, patients with hernia had zones in the dermis with thinner and disaggregated collagen tracts. Connective tissue had a lax aspect in these patients. Collagen fiber density was 52% lower in patients with hernia, compared to subjects without hernia. No differences in elastic fiber density or distribution was observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with inguinal bernia have alterations in skin collagen fiber quality and density.
Assuntos
Colágeno/análise , Tecido Elástico/química , Hérnia Inguinal/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Endometrial decidual reaction in postmenopausal women without an evident exogenous or endogenous progesterone stimulus, is uncommon. The morphological findings are decidual transformation of the endometrial stroma, necrosis, cellular pleomorphism and in some cases hyperplastic glands that exhibit focal atypia raising the possibility of malignancy. We report the case of a 55 years old woman with an idiopathic endometrial decidual reaction. In this woman, immunocytochemistry of endometrial tissue demonstrated the absence of cytoplasmatic and nuclear estrogen receptors. Staining of nuclear progesterone receptors and cytoplasmatic corticoid binding globulin, exceeded the immunoreactivity observed in any period of the menstrual cycle.
Assuntos
Decídua/química , Pós-Menopausa , Receptores de Esteroides/análise , Transcortina/análise , Decídua/efeitos dos fármacos , Endométrio/química , Endométrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Endométrio/patologia , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores de Estrogênio/análise , Receptores de Progesterona/análise , Células Estromais/patologiaRESUMO
Endometrial decidual reaction in postmenopausal women without an evident exogenous or endogenous progesterone stimulus, is uncommon. The morphological findings are decidual transformation of the endometrial stroma, necrosis, cellular pleomorphism and in some cases hyperplastic glands that exhibit focal atypia raising the possibility of malignancy. We report the case of a 55 years old woman with an idiopathic endometrial decidual reaction. In this woman, immunocytochemistry of endometrial tissue demonstrated the absence of cytoplasmatic and nuclear estrogen receptors. Staining of nuclear progesterone receptors and cytoplasmatic corticoid binding globulin, exceeded the immunoreactivity observed in any period of the menstrual cycle