RESUMO
This article examines the short-term effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on food security and nutrition in rural Guatemala. We rely on a comprehensive panel dataset of 1,824 small agricultural households collected over two survey rounds, on November-December 2019 and May-June 2020. We place special emphasis on changes in agricultural and nonagricultural income sources, including remittances, and changes in dietary diversity, including consumption of animal source foods (ASF) and fruits and vegetables (F&V). We find that COVID-19 affected the incomes, food security, and dietary patterns of households, with a decrease in ASF diversity and an increase in F&V diversity, and an overall net decrease in dietary diversity across all food groups. Dietary diversity among women in reproductive age, however, remained unchanged, and increased among children under 2 years old. Interestingly, households with relatively higher incomes appear to have reduced their dietary diversity to a larger extent than lower income ones, as well as households located in communities with more severe access restrictions. The focus of the study in a region with a high prevalence of poverty and chronic malnutrition provides an important perspective into the consequences of the lockdown in complex rural contexts with vulnerable populations and contributes to inform eventual recovery measures.
RESUMO
In-person (face-to-face) data collection methods offer many advantages but can also be time-consuming and expensive, particularly in areas of difficult access. We take advantage of the increasing mobile phone penetration rate in rural areas to evaluate the feasibility of using cell phones to monitor the provision of key health and nutrition interventions linked to the first 1,000 days of life, a critical period of growth and development. We examine response rates to calendarized text messages (SMS) and phone calls sent to 1,542 households over a period of four months. These households have children under two years old and pregnant women and are located across randomly selected communities in Quiche, Guatemala. We find that the overall (valid) response rate to phone calls is over 5 times higher than to text messages (75.8% versus 14.4%). We also test whether simple SMS reminders improve the timely reception of health services but do not find any effects in this regard. Language, education, and age appear to be major barriers to respond to text messages as opposed to phone calls, and the rate of response is not correlated with a household's geographic location (accessibility). Moreover, response veracity is high, with an 84-91% match between household responses and administrative records. The costs per monitored intervention are around 1.12 US dollars using text messages and 85 cents making phone calls, with the costs per effective answer showing a starker contrast, at 7.76 and 1.12 US dollars, respectively. Our findings indicate that mobile phone calls can be an effective, low-cost tool to collect reliable information remotely and in real time. In the current context, where in-person contact with households is not possible due to the COVID-19 crisis, phone calls can be a valuable instrument for collecting information, monitoring development interventions, or implementing brief surveys.
Assuntos
Telefone Celular/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , COVID-19 , Telefone Celular/economia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Monitorização Fisiológica/economia , Gravidez , Sistemas de Alerta/economia , Sistemas de Alerta/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Telemedicina/economia , Telemedicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Envio de Mensagens de Texto/economia , Envio de Mensagens de Texto/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
El presente trabajo consiste en un Diseño Curricular de postgrado a nivel de maestria, Dicho Diseño Curricular tiene como objetivo formar a los psicologos y otros profesionales de la salud en conocimientos y habilidades referidos a la Psicologia de la salud a fin de que dicho profesional se inserte en un nuevo campo laboral: los servicios de salud de la ciudad de La Paz en sus niveles primarios, secundarios y terciarios, espacios que en la actualidad carecen de estos servicios...
Assuntos
Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , SaúdeRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se presentan los protocolos y sistemas de registro utilizados en la evaluación, tratamiento y seguimiento, producidos en la Unidad Dolor del Hospital Naval Buenos Aires "Dr. Pedro Mallo". Asimismo se describe el proceso de resolución en la atención de pacientes, se discuten los resultados de los protocolos utilizados, se analizan los análisis de costos y la satisfacción de servicio en diferentes etapas del desarrollo de la Unidad como parte de los planes de calidad total a nivel institucional. Se demuestra la validez de los instrumentos utilizados, la eficacia de la sistematización en la recolección y procesamiento de la información y la eficiencia del tratamiento participativo de los pacientes con dolor.
Assuntos
Humanos , Custos e Análise de Custo , Medição da Dor/métodos , Clínicas de Dor , Protocolos Clínicos/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Prontuários Médicos/normas , Analgesia Epidural , Constipação Intestinal/prevenção & controle , Depressão , Custos Hospitalares , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Satisfação do Paciente , Terapia de RelaxamentoRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se presentan los protocolos y sistemas de registro utilizados en la evaluación, tratamiento y seguimiento, producidos en la Unidad Dolor del Hospital Naval Buenos Aires "Dr. Pedro Mallo". Asimismo se describe el proceso de resolución en la atención de pacientes, se discuten los resultados de los protocolos utilizados, se analizan los análisis de costos y la satisfacción de servicio en diferentes etapas del desarrollo de la Unidad como parte de los planes de calidad total a nivel institucional. Se demuestra la validez de los instrumentos utilizados, la eficacia de la sistematización en la recolección y procesamiento de la información y la eficiencia del tratamiento participativo de los pacientes con dolor. (AU)