RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Black smokers have earlier development of lung disease as well as poorer sleep health than whites. RESEARCH QUESTION: In a sample of black smokers, to what extent does sleep health modify the association between smoking level and functional exercise capacity? DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data from 209 black smokers (≥ 1 cigarette in last month), aged 40 to 65 years with no evidence of sleep-disordered breathing (apnea-hypopnea index < 15) or severe COPD (FEV1 > 50%), were used for the current study. Self-reported smoking rate, objectively measured sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) for functional exercise capacity were the key assessments. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.8 years (SD, 5.96), and mean cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) was 8.71 (SD, 6.78). Mean SE was 69.9% (SD, 12.3%), and mean TST was 307.99 min (SD 92.2). In adjusted linear regression models of the 6MWT (meters), TST (slope estimate, -0.14; P = .14) and SE (slope estimate, -1.0; P = .19) were negatively associated with 6MWT. The smoking rate × SE interaction was highly significant (slope estimate, 0.18; P = .007) such that in individuals who smoked ≥ 10 cpd, every additional percentage of SE garnered an additional distance of 0.83 to 6.62 m. Similarly, the smoking rate × TST interaction was significant (slope estimate, 0.019; P = .03) such that in smokers who smoked ≥ 10 cpd, every additional minute of TST garnered an additional distance of 0.04 to 0.60 m. INTERPRETATION: Higher SE and, to a lesser extent, longer TST, in black adults who smoke ≥ 10 cpd is associated with better 6MWT performance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03534076; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano , Fumar Cigarros/fisiopatologia , Tolerância ao Exercício/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of youth meeting the 24-hour healthy movement guidelines (ie, ≥60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ≤2 hours of screen time, age-appropriate sleep duration), and which combination of meeting these guidelines was most associated with bodyweight status, in a nationally representative US sample. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health were used. A multinomial regression model of body weight status was generated (underweight, overweight, obese vs healthy weight) and then stratified by sex. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: The sample (n = 30â478) was 50.4% female, 52.4% white, and the mean age was 13.85 ± 2.28 years; 15% percent were obese and 15.2% were overweight. Overall, 9.4% met all 3 of the 24-hour healthy movement guidelines, 43.6% met 2, 37.9% met 1, and 9.1% met none. Meeting zero guidelines (vs 3) was associated with the greatest likelihood of overweight (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.31-2.61), and obesity (aOR, 4.25; 95% CI, 2.87-6.31). Females (aOR, 4.97; 95% CI, 2.59-9.53) had higher odds of obesity than males (aOR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.49-6.40) when zero (vs 3) guidelines were met. Meeting the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guideline, either alone or in combination with screen time or sleep duration (vs all 3), was associated with the lowest odds for overweight and obesity in the full sample. CONCLUSION: Meeting all movement guidelines was associated with the lowest risk for obesity, particularly in females. Meeting the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guideline may be a priority to prevent overweight and obesity in youth.