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The National Institute of Research and Public Health reported the first local record of the Omicron variant detected in Ecuador. A fully vaccinated subject returned from South Africa with a negative RT-PCR. We present the cumulative frequency of the variants in Ecuador and a phylogenetic analysis of this new Omicron.
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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer is associated with a decrease in tumor size and is the therapeutic indication for patients with T3 or T4 tumors or lymph node involvement. Our aim was to describe the frequency of pathologic response and the survival rate in patients that underwent neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective follow-up study with a survival analysis was conducted. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer that received neoadjuvant treatment and were operated on at the Instituto de Cancerología Las Américas (Medellín, Colombia) were analyzed. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 152 patients were included. Mean patient age was 59 years (12.8 SD), 53.9% were men, and 58.6% of the patients were diagnosed with stage IIIB disease. The pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in 17% of the patients. A total of 146 (96.1%) patients received the chemoradiotherapy protocol. Fifty-two (34.2%) patients developed metastasis and/or relapse, and one (3.8%) of those patients had presented with pCR. The median follow-up period was 33 months (Q1-Q3: 20-45), with an overall survival rate of 79.5% (95% CI 70.9-85.8). The 5-year survival rate for the patients that had pCR was 80% (95% CI 20.3-96.9). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of pCR was similar to that in other published studies and disease recurrence was lower, compared with patients with no response. The 5-year survival rate in patients with pCR was high, albeit lower than that reported in other studies.
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INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: In Colombia, cancer of the colon is the third most frequent cancer in relation to incidence and mortality. Five-year survival depends on stage at diagnosis, albeit that rate is not known for the country. The aim of the present study was to characterize the overall survival and disease-free survival rates in an adult population with colorectal cancer treated at an oncology center in Medellín, Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The case records of patients with a histologic diagnosis of colorectal cancer, seen within the time frame of 2011 and 2015, were reviewed. The overall survival and disease-free survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 824 (54.9%) patients with cancer of the colon and 676 (45.1%) with cancer of the rectum were treated. Mean patient age was 63.3 years, female sex predominated (56.3%), and 98.1% of the tumors were adenocarcinomas. The majority of the lesions were stage iii (31.9% in the colon and 35.5% in the rectum) at the time of diagnosis. Surgery was the most frequent treatment in the colon (85.2%) and radiotherapy was the most frequent in the rectum (75.4%). Overall survival at the median follow-up (27.3 months) was 66.7% for cancer of the colon and 63.9% for cancer of the rectum. Disease-free survival at the median follow-up (18.6 months in colon and 14.9 in rectum) was 72.5 and 68.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical characteristics and treatment of patients were similar to those found in other studies. Two-year survival was higher than in other Colombian reports and 5-year survival was lower than that observed in developed countries.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/mortalidade , Serviço Hospitalar de Oncologia , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Análise de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMEN La intención de este artículo es evidenciar la importancia de los grupos focales de discusión como estrategia metodológica para la recolección de información en el trabajo con adolescentes institucionalizados con experiencia de vida en calle y, al mismo tiempo, mostrar su valor en el abordaje de la salud sexual con esta población, en tanto que permite una interacción flexible y reflexiva entre investigadores y participantes, así como de los participantes entre sí. El valor de esta estrategia metodológica es sustentado en este artículo mediante testimonios y resultados obtenidos durante su implementación en el estudio llevado a cabo con adolescentes institucionalizados entre 2013 y 2014 en Medellín. Se espera con este reducir las creencias de profesionales con respecto a las limitaciones de la estrategia para abordar temáticas relacionadas con la salud sexual de este grupo poblacional. Los resultados se articulan en cuatro categorías: conocimientos y percepciones sobre VIH e ITS, salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR), el lenguaje en la SSR, y acceso y uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). De esta manera se deja de manifiesto el aporte y potencial de la estrategia para el abordaje del tema y para el acercamiento e interacción con adolescentes con experiencia de vida en calle.
ABSTRACT This paper aims to show the importance of discussion focus groups as a methodological strategy for the compilation of information in studies with institutionalized adolescents who have lived on the streets. At the same time, it aims to show the value of this technique in approaching the topic of sexual health with this population, since it allows for flexible and reflexive researcherparticipant and participant-participant interaction. The value of this methodological strategy is supported in this article through accounts and results obtained during the implementation of a study conducted with institutionalized adolescents between 2013 and 2014. We expect these results will reduce the beliefs of professionals regarding the limitations of the strategy to address issues related to the sexual health of this type of population. The results are divided into four categories: knowledge and perceptions of HIV and STIs, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), the language used in SRH, and access to and use of information and communications technology (ICT). Thus, this paper clearly shows the contribution and potential of the strategy for addressing the issue, approaching and interacting with adolescents who have lived on the street.
RESUMO A intenção deste artículo é evidenciar a importância dos grupos focais de discussão como estratégia metodológica para a recolecção de informação no trabalho com adolescentes institucionalizados com experiência de vida na rua e, ao mesmo tempo, mostrar o seu valor na abordagem da saúde sexual com esta população, entanto que permite uma interação flexível e reflexiva entre investigadores e participantes, assim como dos participantes entre eles. O valor desta estratégia metodológica é sustentado neste artigo mediante testemunhos e resultados obtidos durante a sua implementação em estudo levado a cabo com adolescentes institucionalizados entre 2013 e 2014 em Medellín. Espreitando com isto reduzir as crenças de profissionais com respeito ás limitações da estratégia para abordar temáticas relacionadas com a saúde sexual de este grupo populacional. Os resultados se articulam em quatro categorias: conhecimentos e percepções sobre VIH e ITS, saúde sexual e reprodutiva (SSR), a linguajem na SSR, e acesso e uso das tecnologias da informação e a comunicação (TIC). Desta maneira se deixa de manifesto o aporte e potencial da estratégia para a abordagem do tema e para a proximidade e interação com adolescentes com experiência de vida na rua.
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Pterodroma phaeopygia is a critically endangered avian species of the Galápagos Islands. This bird is sexually monomorphic, making it difficult to identify the sex. This information, however, is relevant to studies of behavior, ecology, and management of wild or captive populations. Here, we aimed to implement a molecular approach for determining sex in this petrel. DNA was extracted from the blood and the feathers of 24 adult P. phaeopygia, with samples from a female and a male Gallus gallus for comparison. We amplified the cromo-helicase DNA binding protein 1 (CHD-1) gene by PCR, using primers P2 and P8. Allele CHD-1W is unique to females and CHD-1Z occurs in both sexes. We then digested these PCR products using the restriction enzyme HaeIII. The PCR amplified a 400-bp product for both alleles. The digestion of the G. gallus, amplicons split the CHD-1Z allele into two fragments (of 320 and 80 bp), while CHD-1W remained intact. Thus, the male exhibited two bands (digested CHD- 1Z) and the female three bands (undigested CHD-1W and digested CHD-1Z). Applying this RFLP method on DNA derived from blood, 9 of the 24 petrels were found to be male, while 15 were females. The same results were obtained using feathers as the source of DNA. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular method for sexing this species. The potential of sexing this petrel from feathers is remarkable as it minimizes blood sampling induced stress. This method could be used to reinforce the conservation efforts for this bird, to investigate population sex ratios and to develop new conservation strategies.
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Aves/genética , Análise para Determinação do Sexo , Animais , Proteínas Aviárias/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Feminino , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
Antecedentes. Diez años después de adelantada la reforma propuesta en el Acuerdo 14 de 1990, se consideró pertinente constatar si ésta había surtido efecto con relación a la evaluación. Objetivo. Conocer la percepción de los estudiantes de las carreras de la facultad de Medicina, sobre su proceso de evaluación. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo realizado con 1967 estudiantes, durante el segundo período académico de 2002. Se seleccionaron para el estudio 552 estudiantes, utilizando el método estratificado sistemático. Diligenciaron el formulario 482, distribuidos así: fonoaudiología 20 (4 por ciento), medicina 320 (66 por ciento), nutrición 86 (18 por ciento), terapia física 28 (6 por ciento) y terapia ocupacional 28 (6 por ciento). Resultados. La evaluación se percibió como un proceso diagnóstico por la mayoría de los estudiantes 48 por ciento, como de medición por el 35 por ciento y como retroalimentación de la valoración entre la congruencia de lo propuesto y lo realizado. Hubo un mayor énfasis en la evaluación del rendimiento académico aunque los estudiantes querían les evaluaran los conocimientos, las actitudes y las aptitudes, lo cual facilita el desarrollo de un profesional íntegro. La evaluación oral fue la preferida por los estudiantes entre otras razones por facilitar la relación docente-alumno. Los estudiantes percibieron la evaluación como poco planeada y favorecedora del conocimiento memorístico lo cual produjo insatisfacción en el 73 por ciento, solo el 54 por ciento consideró que podía ser entendida como método de aprendizaje. Conclusiones : La evaluación se percibió como diagnóstico del proceso diagnóstico y produjo insatisfacción en la mayoría de los alumnos. Los profesores y estudiantes deben iniciar experiencias de autoevaluación , retroalimentación, autorregulación y crear espacios de reflexión sobre la evaluación como un componente esencial del modelo pedagógico
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Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/tendências , AprendizagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and cardiac surgery in a group of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia operated on with or without extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 men 54 to 72 years old (mean age 62 years) undergoing cardiac surgery had PSA measured preoperatively and postoperatively. To provide the baseline PSA value a first serum sample was obtained before surgery, and PSA measurements were repeated 12 hours and 7 days postoperatively. Cardiac surgery was performed with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation in 20 cases and without cardiopulmonary bypass in 10, constituted the control group. An 18F Foley catheter was left indwelling for the first 24 hours in both groups. RESULTS: In the study group there was a significant increase in PSA postoperatively (p = 0.01). However, in the control group the PSA was not statistically different before or after surgery (p = 0.16). These results indicate that there was a physiological relationship between the extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation and PSA. CONCLUSIONS: Although the etiology of this elevation is unknown, based on our data we conclude that extracorporeal cardiopulmonary circulation can cause an alteration in serum PSA unrelated to cardiac operation without extracorporeal bypass.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Circulação Extracorpórea , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Hiperplasia Prostática/sangue , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar el patrón de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional, sede Manizales. Del total de 2.963 estudiantes, se tomó una muestra de 550 y respondieron el cuestionario de evaluación 329. Se encontró que 256 (77,8 por ciento) estudiantes habían consumido alguna sustancia psicoactiva. El mayor consumo fue de bebidas alcohólicas, cigarrillo y marihuana. Las bebidas de mayor consumo fueron aguardiente, ron y cerveza. Resultados de las características del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son discutidos en el artículo