RESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the match running performance between bottom- and top-ranked teams in professional soccer players over the 2020 season of the Brazilian National 2nd Division League. In addition, this study verified the independent and interactive effects of playing position and contextual factors on running outputs between these teams. METHODS: Forty-eight professional male outfield soccer players participated in this study (top-ranked team, n = 24; bottom-ranked team, n = 24). The distance- and accelerometry-based measures were recorded during 69 matches using a global positioning system (10 Hz) integrated with an accelerometer (400 Hz). RESULTS: The top-ranked team covered greater total distance [median (interquartile range); 10,330.0 m (1430.0)] and high-acceleration [97.0 m (32.0)] than the bottom-ranked team, in home and away matches [p < 0.05, effect size (ES) = small]. The midfielders of the top-ranked team covered higher total distance, high-speed running (> 18 km h-1), high acceleration (≥ 3 m s-2), high-deceleration (≤ -3 m s-2), and performed more sprints [(> 25 km h-1) compared to midfielders of the bottom-ranked team (p < 0.05, η2 = small-moderate]. The matches against top-level opponents required high values of high-acceleration and number of sprints only for the top-ranked team (p < 0.05, ES = small). Independent analysis showed that match outcome (loss vs. draw vs. win) was not influenced by running performance for both bottom- and top-ranked teams (p > 0.05; η2 = small). However, the top-ranked team covered greater total distance, high-acceleration/deceleration than bottom-ranked team in loss matches (p < 0.05, η2 = small). CONCLUSIONS: These findings should be considered when the coaches and practitioners interpret the match running outputs and when evaluating the effects of training intervention on these performance indicators.
RESUMO
RESUMEN El objetivo del presente artículo es brindar sugerencias, para el manejo pre, intra y posoperatorio, de pacientes de cirugía general, durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19; y con ello, minimizar el contagio de cirujanos y disminuir la transmisión intrahospitalaria de la enfermedad. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de PubMed y se consultaron las páginas web de sociedades científicas internacionales, así como, fuentes del Ministerio de Salud del Perú. Se formularon sugerencias para el manejo de estos pacientes, basadas en la experiencia de países donde se tiene un mayor número de casos de COVID-19. Se resalta la importancia del uso adecuado de los equipos de protección personal (EPPs); y la factibilidad de realizar un abordaje abierto o laparoscópico en cirugías de emergencia con los cuidados adecuados para evitar contagios en el paciente y personal de salud. Sin embargo, se debe considerar que las recomendaciones pueden cambiar con el tiempo al generarse nuevos conocimientos.
ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to present suggestions for the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of general surgery patients during the COVID-19 health emergency, aiming to minimize risks for surgeons and to reduce in-hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed the literature using the PubMed database and we also reviewed websites from international scientific societies and the Peruvian Ministry of Health website. Suggestions for the management of surgical patients are proposed, based on the experience of countries with larger numbers of COVID-19 cases. We emphasize the importance of the adequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and the feasibility of using an open or laparoscopy approach in emergency surgical procedures, taking adequate care in order to avoid viral transmission for both the patient and healthcare personnel. Nonetheless, we must consider that recommendations may vary with time as new knowledge is acquired.