RESUMO
Abstract Brazil is a non-endemic country for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection with seroprevalence from 1% to 4% in blood donors and the general population. However, data on seroprevalence of HEV in the country are still limited. This study evaluated the prevalence of past or present HEV infection in a group of blood donors representative of the general population of the city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 500 blood donors were tested from July to September 2014 by serological and molecular methods. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 49 (9.8%) subjects and categorized age groups revealed an age-dependent increase of HEV seroprevalence. Among the anti-HEV IgG positive subjects, only 1 had anti-HEV IgM while none tested positive for HEV-RNA. The present data demonstrate a higher seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG than previously reported in the region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , RNA Viral/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Hepatite E/diagnósticoRESUMO
Brazil is a non-endemic country for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection with seroprevalence from 1% to 4% in blood donors and the general population. However, data on seroprevalence of HEV in the country are still limited. This study evaluated the prevalence of past or present HEV infection in a group of blood donors representative of the general population of the city of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 500 blood donors were tested from July to September 2014 by serological and molecular methods. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 49 (9.8%) subjects and categorized age groups revealed an age-dependent increase of HEV seroprevalence. Among the anti-HEV IgG positive subjects, only 1 had anti-HEV IgM while none tested positive for HEV-RNA. The present data demonstrate a higher seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG than previously reported in the region.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , RNA Viral/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Hepatitis E virus is responsible for acute and chronic liver infections worldwide. Swine hepatitis E virus has been isolated in Brazil, and a probable zoonotic transmission has been described, although data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs from a small-scale farm in the rural area of Paraná State, South Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 170 pigs and screened for hepatitis E virus RNA using a duplex real-time RT-PCR targeting a highly conserved 70 nt long sequence within overlapping parts of ORF2 and ORF3 as well as a 113 nt sequence of ORF2. Positive samples with high viral loads were subjected to direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in 34 (20.0%) of the 170 pigs following positive results in at least one set of screening real-time RT-PCR primers and probes. The swine hepatitis E virus strains clustered with the genotype hepatitis E virus-3b reference sequences in the phylogenetic analysis and showed close similarity to human hepatitis E virus isolates previously reported in Brazil.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Vírus da Hepatite E , Suínos/microbiologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite Viral Humana , Zoonoses , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Abstract Hepatitis E virus is responsible for acute and chronic liver infections worldwide. Swine hepatitis E virus has been isolated in Brazil, and a probable zoonotic transmission has been described, although data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs from a small-scale farm in the rural area of Paraná State, South Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 170 pigs and screened for hepatitis E virus RNA using a duplex real-time RT-PCR targeting a highly conserved 70 nt long sequence within overlapping parts of ORF2 and ORF3 as well as a 113 nt sequence of ORF2. Positive samples with high viral loads were subjected to direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in 34 (20.0%) of the 170 pigs following positive results in at least one set of screening real-time RT-PCR primers and probes. The swine hepatitis E virus strains clustered with the genotype hepatitis E virus-3b reference sequences in the phylogenetic analysis and showed close similarity to human hepatitis E virus isolates previously reported in Brazil.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Hepatite E/classificação , Hepatite E/veterinária , Filogenia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Brasil , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Prevalência , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite E/virologia , Homologia de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Fezes/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Hepatitis E virus is responsible for acute and chronic liver infections worldwide. Swine hepatitis E virus has been isolated in Brazil, and a probable zoonotic transmission has been described, although data are still scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hepatitis E virus infection in pigs from a small-scale farm in the rural area of Paraná State, South Brazil. Fecal samples were collected from 170 pigs and screened for hepatitis E virus RNA using a duplex real-time RT-PCR targeting a highly conserved 70nt long sequence within overlapping parts of ORF2 and ORF3 as well as a 113nt sequence of ORF2. Positive samples with high viral loads were subjected to direct sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. hepatitis E virus RNA was detected in 34 (20.0%) of the 170 pigs following positive results in at least one set of screening real-time RT-PCR primers and probes. The swine hepatitis E virus strains clustered with the genotype hepatitis E virus-3b reference sequences in the phylogenetic analysis and showed close similarity to human hepatitis E virus isolates previously reported in Brazil.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E/classificação , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite E/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Fezes/virologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Hepatite E/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Filogenia , Prevalência , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologiaRESUMO
Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infection with rapid progression to liver cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. HEV seroprevalence in patients with Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil is unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of past or present HEV infection in schistosomiasis patients in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 80 patients with Schistosoma mansoni were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (Wantai anti-HEV IgG, Beijing, China) and for the presence of HEV RNA using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers targeting the HEV ORF2 and ORF3. Clinical and laboratory tests as well as abdominal ultrasound were performed at the same day of blood collection. Results Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 18.8% (15/80) of patients with SM. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM or HEV-RNA. Patients with anti-HEV IgG positive presented higher levels of alanine aminotranferase (p = 0.048) and gama-glutamil transferase (p = 0.022) when compared to patients without anti-HEV IgG antibodies. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence of HEV is high in patients with Schistosoma mansoni in Northeastern of Brazil. Past HEV infection is associated with higher frequency of liver enzymes abnormalities. HEV infection and its role on the severity of liver disease should be further investigated among patients with Schistosoma mansoni.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Hepatite E/complicações , Hepatite E/diagnósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause chronic infection with rapid progression to liver cirrhosis in immunocompromised patients. HEV seroprevalence in patients with Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil is unknown. We evaluated the prevalence of past or present HEV infection in schistosomiasis patients in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A total of 80 patients with Schistosoma mansoni were consecutively enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (Wantai anti-HEV IgG, Beijing, China) and for the presence of HEV RNA using real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers targeting the HEV ORF2 and ORF3. Clinical and laboratory tests as well as abdominal ultrasound were performed at the same day of blood collection. RESULTS: Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 18.8% (15/80) of patients with SM. None of the samples tested positive for anti-HEV IgM or HEV-RNA. Patients with anti-HEV IgG positive presented higher levels of alanine aminotranferase (p=0.048) and gama-glutamil transferase (p=0.022) when compared to patients without anti-HEV IgG antibodies. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the seroprevalence of HEV is high in patients with Schistosoma mansoni in Northeastern of Brazil. Past HEV infection is associated with higher frequency of liver enzymes abnormalities. HEV infection and its role on the severity of liver disease should be further investigated among patients with Schistosoma mansoni.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite E/complicações , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Esquistossomose mansoni/complicações , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Brazil has been classified as moderately endemic for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. However, data on the seroprevalence of HEV in this region are limited. This study evaluated the prevalence of past or present HEV infection among blood donors in the metropolitan area of Itajai Valley, Southern Brazil, a region of predominant German heritage, where cultural habits result in a high consumption of pork. Serum samples from 300 blood donors were tested in December 2014 using serological and molecular methods. Anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected in 30 (10%) subjects, and categorized age groups revealed an age-dependent increase of HEV seroprevalence. Only one subject had anti-HEV IgM, whereas none tested positive for HEV-RNA. The present data demonstrate a higher seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in blood donors than previously reported in Brazil.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as late diagnosis is the main factor for the poor survival of patients. There is an urgent need for accurate biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC. The aim of the study was to explore the serum lipidome profiles of hepatitis B-related HCC to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS: An ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) lipidomic method was used to characterize serum profiles from HCC (n = 32), liver cirrhosis (LC) (n = 30), CHB (n = 25), and healthy subjects (n = 34). Patients were diagnosed by clinical laboratory and imaging evidence and all presented with CHB while healthy controls had normal liver function and no infectious diseases. RESULTS: The UPLC-MS-based serum lipidomic profile provided more accurate diagnosis for LC patients than conventional alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) detection. HCC patients were discriminated from LC with 78 % sensitivity and 64 % specificity. In comparison, AFP showed sensitivity and specificity of 38 % and 93 %, respectively. HCC was differentiated from CHB with 100 % sensitivity and specificity using the UPLC-MS approach. Identified lipids comprised glycerophosphocolines, glycerophosphoserines and glycerophosphoinositols. CONCLUSIONS: UPLC-MS lipid profiling proved to be an efficient and convenient tool for diagnosis and screening of HCC in a high-risk population.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Hepatite B Crônica/diagnóstico , Lipídeos/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Feminino , Hepatite B Crônica/sangue , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACTCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading cause of infectious congenital defects and disabilities. Its transmission can occur in primary and non-primary infections; however the transmission rate is considerably higher in primary infections. The diagnosis of congenital infection is complex, and there is a discussion concerning serological evaluation during pregnancy. This article aims to review the literature concerning CMV infection, its diagnosis and epidemiology.
RESUMOA infecção congênita pelo citomegalovírus (CMV) é a principal causa de deficiências congênitas infecciosas. Sua transmissão pode ocorrer em infecções primárias (cuja taxa de transmissão é consideravelmente mais alta) e não primárias. O diagnóstico da infecção congênita é complexo e existe controvérsia sobre a avaliação sorológica durante a gravidez. Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar a literatura acerca da infecção por CMV, seu diagnóstico e sua epidemiologia.
RESUMO
Data on hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Brazil are limited. We analyzed 15 years of HEV surveillance data in a major clinical laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. The seroprevalence of HEV of 2,271 patients subjected to anti-HEV tests from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed. HEV seroprevalence was 2.1%, and the anti-HEV IgM positivity rate was 4.9%. Six hepatitis E patients were identified. HEV seroprevalence and detection rates appear to have increased in recent years. Hepatitis E should be investigated further and included in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in Brazil.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Estudos Retrospectivos , RNA Viral/análise , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Data on hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Brazil are limited. We analyzed 15 years of HEV surveillance data in a major clinical laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The seroprevalence of HEV of 2,271 patients subjected to anti-HEV tests from 1998 to 2013 were analyzed. RESULTS: HEV seroprevalence was 2.1%, and the anti-HEV IgM positivity rate was 4.9%. Six hepatitis E patients were identified. CONCLUSIONS: HEV seroprevalence and detection rates appear to have increased in recent years. Hepatitis E should be investigated further and included in the differential diagnosis of hepatitis in Brazil.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E , Hepatite E/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Vírus da Hepatite E/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may cause severe complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Monitoring this virus and providing precise, rapid and early diagnosis of related clinical diseases, constitute essential measures to improve outcomes. A prospective survey on the incidence and clinical features of HHV-6 infections after HSCT has not yet been conducted in Brazilian patients and the impact of this infection on HSCT outcome remains unclear. A rapid test based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been optimised to screen and quantify clinical samples for HHV-6. The detection step was based on reaction with TaqMan® hydrolysis probes. A set of previously described primers and probes have been tested to evaluate efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility. The target efficiency range was 91.4% with linearity ranging from 10-106 copies/reaction and a limit of detection of five copies/reaction or 250 copies/mL of plasma. The qPCR assay developed in the present study was simple, rapid and sensitive, allowing the detection of a wide range of HHV-6 loads. In conclusion, this test may be useful as a practical tool to help elucidate the clinical relevance of HHV-6 infection and reactivation in different scenarios and to determine the need for surveillance.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/análise , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Infecções por Roseolovirus/diagnóstico , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Transplante Homólogo , Carga ViralRESUMO
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may cause severe complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Monitoring this virus and providing precise, rapid and early diagnosis of related clinical diseases, constitute essential measures to improve outcomes. A prospective survey on the incidence and clinical features of HHV-6 infections after HSCT has not yet been conducted in Brazilian patients and the impact of this infection on HSCT outcome remains unclear. A rapid test based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has been optimised to screen and quantify clinical samples for HHV-6. The detection step was based on reaction with TaqMan® hydrolysis probes. A set of previously described primers and probes have been tested to evaluate efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility. The target efficiency range was 91.4% with linearity ranging from 10-106 copies/reaction and a limit of detection of five copies/reaction or 250 copies/mL of plasma. The qPCR assay developed in the present study was simple, rapid and sensitive, allowing the detection of a wide range of HHV-6 loads. In conclusion, this test may be useful as a practical tool to help elucidate the clinical relevance of HHV-6 infection and reactivation in different scenarios and to determine the need for surveillance.
Assuntos
Humanos , DNA Viral/análise , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , /genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Infecções por Roseolovirus/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Transplante Homólogo , Carga ViralRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatitis C (HC) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and a late diagnosis is the main factor for the poor survival of patients. There is an urgent need for identifying sensitive and specific biomarkers for HCC diagnosis. In the present study, plasma lipid patterns of patients with HC-HCC, HC-liver cirrhosis (LC), and chronic HC (CHC) were assessed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). METHODS: Plasma samples of 25 patients with HC-HCC, 15 patients with HC-LC, and 25 patients with CHC were evaluated by MALDI-MS using a Q-ToF premier (Synapt) mass spectrometer (Waters, Manchester, UK) equipped with a 200-Hz solid-state laser in the mass range between m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) of 700-1200. RESULTS: A total of 2205 ions were initially obtained and 7 ions (m/z) were highlighted as corresponding to the most important lipids to differentiate HCC patients from LC and CHC patients. The specific lipidomic expression signature generated resulted in an overall predictive accuracy of 93% of HC-HCC and HC-LC, and 100% of HC-HCC and CHC. The 7-peak algorithm distinguished HCC from LC with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 87%, and HCC from CHC with both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: MALDI-MS-specific signature peaks accurately distinguished patients with HC-HCC from those with HC-LC and CHC. The results indicate the potential of MALDI-MS and the selected peaks to improve HCC surveillance in patients with viral C cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico , Lipídeos/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/virologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/sangue , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Hepáticas/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
We describe a case of chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a 13-year-old female liver transplant recipient with recurrent increased aminotransferase levels and acute cellular rejection. This finding demonstrates that chronic HEV infection can occur and should be further investigated in immunocompromised patients in Latin America.