RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Identify the hygiene habits of children and caregivers in order to prevent and control infectious diseases in care environments in Bogotá, Colombia, as well as characterize the surface bacteria in these environments. METHOD: Instruments were designed, validated and applied to evaluate healthy habits, with samples taken from surfaces in kitchens, bathrooms, halls, mats, and tools in 230 locations. Th e isolated bacteria were classifi ed using automated methodologies. RESULTS: A total of 699 bacteria were isolated, with the largest growth percentage found in kitchens (36%). Th ese results are contrary to what was observed, where most of the kitchens appeared to be clean. In the survey, 93% of the caregivers reported washing their hands before handling food, and 23% said they used personal protection items when handling food. CONCLUSION: There is a need for monitoring and interventions in hygiene and care habits in environments that care for children.
Assuntos
Cuidadores/normas , Hábitos , Higiene/normas , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Creches , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Microbiologia Ambiental , HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir y analizar el surgimiento y desarrollo del programa de Especializaron de Enfermería Perinatal en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, entre 1980 - 1990, a la luz del contexto nacional en educación, salud y enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa con fuentes de información documental y entrevistas testimoniales de actores directos que permitieron la reconstrucción del hecho histórico. Resultados: El surgimiento de la Especialización de Enfermería Perinatal en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia fue directamente influenciado por políticas y estrategias de desarrollo del ámbito nacional e internacional que constituyeron un eje central en el planteamiento y posterior desarrollo de la especialización. Por otra parte, los procesos internos de la Universidad Nacional y en especial en la Facultad de Enfermería en temas relacionados con la reforma de la educación superior y el fortalecimiento de los posgrados en enfermería a nivel latinoamericano, fueron hechos claves para el alcance del programa. Finalmente, el liderazgo y experiencia de las docentes, junto con las asesorías internacionales, concretaron la idea de la Especialización en Enfermería Perinatal para plasmarla en un currículo que lograra formar recurso humano capaz de dar respuesta de manera efectiva a las necesidades en salud de las mujeres y los recién nacidos. Conclusiones: El surgimiento de la Especialización en Enfermería Perinatal en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia marcó una transformación en el modelo de atención de la madre y el neonato, con implicaciones en la práctica, la investigación y las políticas de atención emanadas desde el Ministerio de Salud.
Objective: To describe and analyze the emergence and development program of Specialization in Perinatal Nursing at the National University of Colombia, between 1980 and 1990, in the light of the national context in education, health and nursing. Method: Qualitative research with sources of information and witness interviews to direct actors that allowed the reconstruction of the historical fact. Results: The emergence of the Specialization in Perinatal Nursing at the National University of Colombia was directly influenced by policies and development strategies of national and inter-national level constituted as a central axis in the planning and further development of the specialization. Moreover. the internal processes of the National University and especially in the School of Nursing on issues related to the reform of higher education and strengthening of gradúate programs in nursing in Latin America were key issues in the scope of the program. Finally, leadership and experience of teachers, along with International consultants, materialized the idea of the Specialization in Perinatal Nursing to be brought into a curriculum that managed to train human re-sources capable of responding effectively to the health needs of women and newborns. Conclusions: The emergence of the Specialization in Perinatal Nursing at the National University of Colombia marked a transformation in the model of care for the mother and newborn, with implications for practice. research and care policies emanating from the Ministry of Health.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde/história , Enfermagem Neonatal , História da Enfermagem , ColômbiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar hábitos de higiene de niños y cuidadores para la prevención y el control de enfermedades infecciosas en lugares de atención en Bogotá, Colombia; asimismo, caracterizar las bacterias en las superficies de estos ambientes. Método: Se diseñaron, validaron y aplicaron dos instrumentos para evaluar hábitos saludables y se tomaron muestras de superficies en cocinas, baños, salones, colchonetas y juguetes de 230 lugares. Las bacterias aisladas fueron clasificadas por metodologías automatizadas. Resultados: Se aislaron 699 bacterias, donde el mayor porcentaje de crecimiento fue en cocinas (36%). Estos resultados contrastan con lo observado, donde se evidenció que la mayoría de las cocinas se encontraron limpias (80%). La encuesta reportó que 93% de los cuidadores reconocen lavarse las manos antes de manipular alimentos y 23% informó utilizar elementos de protección para la manipulación de alimentos. Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de acompañar e intervenir los hábitos de higiene y de cuidado del ambiente en lugares de atención a población infantil.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os hábitos de higiene de crianças e seus cuidadores para a prevenção e o controle de doenças infecciosas em locais de atendimento em Bogotá, Colômbia; e identificar as bactérias nas superfícies desses ambientes. Método: Foram desenhados, validados e aplicados dois instrumentos para avaliar os hábitos saudáveis e coletadas amostras de superfícies em cozinhas, banheiros, salas de aula, colchões e brinquedos de 230 locais. As bactérias isoladas foram classificadas por metodologias automatizadas. Resultados: Foram identificados 699 isolados, cuja maior porcentagem de crescimento foi em cozinhas (36%). Estes resultados contrastam com o observado, uma vez que foi evidenciado que a maioria das cozinhas estavam limpas (80%). A pesquisa reportou que 93% dos cuidadores reconhecem lavar suas mãos antes de manipular alimentos e 23% informou utilizar elementos de proteção para sua manipulação. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a necessidade de intervir nos hábitos de higiene e nas práticas de cuidado d o ambiente e m locais de aten ção à população infantil, através de estraté gias de educação dirigidas às crianças e aos cuidadores.
ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the hygiene habits of children and caregivers in order to prevent and control infectious diseases in care environments in Bogotá, Colombia, as well as characterize the surface bacteria in these environments. Method: Instruments were designed, validated and applied to evaluate healthy habits, with samples taken from surfaces in kitchens, bathrooms, halls, mats, and tools in 230 locations. Th e isolated bacteria were classifi ed using automated methodologies. Results: A total of 699 bacteria were isolated, with the largest growth percentage found in kitchens (36%). Th ese results are contrary to what was observed, where most of the kitchens appeared to be clean. In the survey, 93% of the caregivers reported washing their hands before handling food, and 23% said they used personal protection items when handling food. Conclusion: There is a need for monitoring and interventions in hygiene and care habits in environments that care for children.