RESUMO

En Chile, la atención de salud para usuarios/as transexuales se desarrolla en un contexto marcado por la desigualdad territorial en cuanto al acceso a servicios trans específicos del proceso de adecuación corporal. Por otro lado, las circulares sanitarias que regulan su trato en relación a la identidad de género no se cumplen a cabalidad, lo que favorece la discriminación y la transfobia. Las experiencias de salud de estos/as usuarios/as aún permanecen poco abordadas, por lo tanto también los impactos que esta tiene en su calidad de vida y bienestar. Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias de vida y el significado que un grupo de usuarios/as transexuales le otorga a sus experiencias derivadas del proceso de atención en el sistema de salud chileno, en relación al respeto que reciben por su identidad de genero. Material y método: Estudio cualitativo interpretativista de tipo exploratorio con enfoque fenomenológico. Entrevistas semi-estructuradas fueron llevadas a cabo con 8 personas transexuales, una muestra determinada por la saturación del discurso. El análisis fue hermenéutico del discurso. Resultados: Las personas transexuales en Chile suelen recibir una atención en el sistema de salud poco respetuosa de su identidad de género; sin embargo, participantes reportan que los cuidados que reciben en el Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano mejoran su calidad de vida. Conclusión: El modelo de atención de salud respetuoso de la identidad de género tiene un impacto positivo en la dignidad de las personas transexuales, por lo que es indispensable replicar este modelo de atención.

In Chile, health care for transsexual users is offered in a context marked by territorial inequality in terms of access to trans-specific services in the process of corporal adaptation. At the same time, sanitary norms that regulate the treatment of transsexual users in relation to their gender identity are not fully complied with, which facilitates discrimination and transphobia. These health care experiences, and their subsequent impact on the users' quality of life and well-being, still remain poorly addressed. Objective: To explore the experiences of transsexual users in the Chilean health care system and the meaning the users assign to those experiences, in relation to the respect shown for their gender identity. Materials: Exploratory, interpretative qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 transsexual individuals; this sample size was determined by the data saturation point. The Hermeneutic Content Analysis method was used. Results: The Chilean health care system tends to not respect the gender identity of transsexual individuals; nevertheless, participants reported that the care they receive at Las Higueras Hospital of Talcahuano improves their quality of life. Conclusion: Gender-respectful health care has a positive impact on the dignity of transsexual individuals, which is why it is essential to replicate this model of care.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el conocimiento y la percepción de los y las adolescentes sobre el Programa de Planificación Familiar. Se realizó un estudio transversal a través de metodologías cuantitativa (encuesta semiestructurada) y cualitativa (técnica de grupo focal y entrevistas individuales), con una muestra de 277 adolescentes (15 a 19 años) usuarios del Hospital de El Carmen, en el año 2010. El 12% de varones y mujeres habían iniciado su vida sexual (el 42% de los varones y el 22% de las mujeres, antes de los 15 años). Aunque todos reconocían que la responsabilidad es de ambos, las mujeres consultaron más el Programa que los varones (el 40% y el 13,5% respectivamente) y reconocían haber recibido más información sobre métodos anticonceptivos antes de iniciar su vida sexual que sus pares varones. Los adolescentes de ambos sexos siguen teniendo concepciones erradas sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Por lo tanto, es necesario intensificar las actividades de difusión de los Programas de Planificación Familiar entre los y las adolescentes.(AU)

The objective of this study is to analyze adolescentsÆ knowledge and perceptions of ChileÆs Family Planning Program. A cross-sectional study using both quantitative (semi-structured surveys) and qualitative (focus group technique and individual surveys) research methods was conducted with a sample of 277 adolescents aged 15-19 years who were users of the Hospital de El Carmen, in the year 2010. The study results showed that 12% of the participants had initiated sexual activity (of this group, 42% of males and 22% of females had done so before the age of 15). Although all participants recognized that both partners should take responsibility, women consulted the program more frequently than men (13.5% of males and 40% of females had consulted the program). Women also acknowledged receiving more information on birth control methods before initiating sexual activity than their male peers. Adolescents of both sexes continue to have misconceptions about birth control. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance activities aimed at heightening awareness of the program among adolescents.(AU)

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el conocimiento y la percepción de los y las adolescentes sobre el Programa de Planificación Familiar. Se realizó un estudio transversal a través de metodologías cuantitativa (encuesta semiestructurada) y cualitativa (técnica de grupo focal y entrevistas individuales), con una muestra de 277 adolescentes (15 a 19 años) usuarios del Hospital de El Carmen, en el año 2010. El 12% de varones y mujeres habían iniciado su vida sexual (el 42% de los varones y el 22% de las mujeres, antes de los 15 años). Aunque todos reconocían que la responsabilidad es de ambos, las mujeres consultaron más el Programa que los varones (el 40% y el 13,5% respectivamente) y reconocían haber recibido más información sobre métodos anticonceptivos antes de iniciar su vida sexual que sus pares varones. Los adolescentes de ambos sexos siguen teniendo concepciones erradas sobre el uso de métodos anticonceptivos. Por lo tanto, es necesario intensificar las actividades de difusión de los Programas de Planificación Familiar entre los y las adolescentes.

The objective of this study is to analyze adolescents’ knowledge and perceptions of Chile’s Family Planning Program. A cross-sectional study using both quantitative (semi-structured surveys) and qualitative (focus group technique and individual surveys) research methods was conducted with a sample of 277 adolescents aged 15-19 years who were users of the Hospital de El Carmen, in the year 2010. The study results showed that 12% of the participants had initiated sexual activity (of this group, 42% of males and 22% of females had done so before the age of 15). Although all participants recognized that both partners should take responsibility, women consulted the program more frequently than men (13.5% of males and 40% of females had consulted the program). Women also acknowledged receiving more information on birth control methods before initiating sexual activity than their male peers. Adolescents of both sexes continue to have misconceptions about birth control. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance activities aimed at heightening awareness of the program among adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study is to analyze adolescents' knowledge and perceptions of Chile's Family Planning Program. A cross-sectional study using both quantitative (semi-structured surveys) and qualitative (focus group technique and individual surveys) research methods was conducted with a sample of 277 adolescents aged 15-19 years who were users of the Hospital de El Carmen, in the year 2010. The study results showed that 12% of the participants had initiated sexual activity (of this group, 42% of males and 22% of females had done so before the age of 15). Although all participants recognized that both partners should take responsibility, women consulted the program more frequently than men (13.5% of males and 40% of females had consulted the program). Women also acknowledged receiving more information on birth control methods before initiating sexual activity than their male peers. Adolescents of both sexes continue to have misconceptions about birth control. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance activities aimed at heightening awareness of the program among adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study is to analyze adolescents knowledge and perceptions of Chiles Family Planning Program. A cross-sectional study using both quantitative (semi-structured surveys) and qualitative (focus group technique and individual surveys) research methods was conducted with a sample of 277 adolescents aged 15-19 years who were users of the Hospital de El Carmen, in the year 2010. The study results showed that 12

of the participants had initiated sexual activity (of this group, 42

of males and 22

of females had done so before the age of 15). Although all participants recognized that both partners should take responsibility, women consulted the program more frequently than men (13.5

of males and 40

of females had consulted the program). Women also acknowledged receiving more information on birth control methods before initiating sexual activity than their male peers. Adolescents of both sexes continue to have misconceptions about birth control. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance activities aimed at heightening awareness of the program among adolescents.

RESUMO

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre vulnerabilidad social y conductas sexuales de riesgo en un grupo de adolescentes chilenos. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal en adolescentes de la comuna Chiguayante, región del Bío-Bío, Chile, año 2009. La muestra fue de 297 adolescentes, 154 mujeres y 143 varones. Se utilizó la ficha CLAP OPS/OMS y un instrumento de vulnerabilidad social y conducta sexual. Se aplicó t-Student y Ji 2 (p < 0,05). Resultados: la edad promedio fue 16,5 ± 1,5 años en varones y 16,4 ± 1,5 mujeres. El 63% vive con ambos padres. El 74% describe sus relaciones familiares como buenas y excelentes. El 44% de los adolescentes que han iniciado actividad sexual definen sus relaciones familiares como regulares, malas o sin relación frente al 20% que no ha iniciado actividad sexual (p = 0,033); el 62% de los adolescentes que han iniciado actividad sexual percibe escaso o nulo apoyo familiar frente al 42% de los adolescentes que no han iniciado actividad sexual (p = 0,0031). El 51% señala que hay delincuencia en su entorno social próximo. No hubo diferencias significativas al asociar variables de vulnerabilidad social con uso de métodos anticonceptivos y el número de parejas sexuales. Las relaciones sexuales asociadas al consumo de alcohol y drogas fueron superiores en varones (21%) que en mujeres (10%) (p = 0,019); las relaciones sexuales sin protección fueron superiores en mujeres (35%) que en varones (20%) (p = 0,05).Conclusión: se reconoce la importancia de la familia en el proceso de formación de la conducta sexual de las y los adolescentes.

Objective: Analyzing the relationship between social vulnerability and risky sexual conduct in a group of Chilean adolescents. Materials and methods: This was a crosssectional study of adolescents living in the Chiguayante commune in the Bío-Bío region of Chile, during 2009. The sample consisted of 297 adolescents (154 female, 143 male). PAHO/WHO Latin-American Perinatology Centre record cards and a social vulnerability and sexual conduct instrument were used. Student’s t-test and the chi-square test (p < 0.05) were used for analyzing the data. Results: Average age was 16.5 ± 1.5 years for males and 16.4 ± 1.5 for females; 63% lived with both parents, 74% described their family relationships as being good and/or excellent. 44% of the adolescents in the study who had begun sexual activity defined their family relationships as regular, poor or lacking compared to 20% who had not begun sexual activity (p = 0.033). 62% of the adolescents who had begun sexual activity perceived very limited or no family support compared to 42% of them who had not initiated sexual activity stating the same (p = 0.0031). 51% stated that there was delinquency in their close social setting. There were no significant differences when associating social vulnerability with using conceptive methods and number of sexual partners. Sexual relationships associated with drinking alcohol and taking drugs was greater in males (21%) than in females (10%) (p = 0.019). Engaging in unprotected sexual relationships was greater in females (35%) than in males (20%), (p = 0.05).Conclusion: It was recognized that the family played an important role in forming adolescents' sexual conduct.

Assuntos