RESUMO
Plants growing in metal-polluted sites can be a source of micro-organisms suitable for bio-assisted phytoremediation strategies. In this work, three endophytic fungi from the roots of Poa stuckertii and Poa pratensis, two grasses that naturally colonize a Lead-Zinc tailing storage facility in Southern Chile, were isolated and identified. The leachate of the tailing sands showed a Pb content of 1·36 ± 0·71 ppm, and a pH of 7·3. By amplifying the ITS1/ITS4 region of fungal ribosomal DNA, the isolates were identified as Bjerkandera sp., Microdochium sp. and Sarocladium sp. When the growth media was supplemented with 50 ppm of Pb at pH 4·5, Microdochium sp. showed an 80% decrease in the biomass, but the biomass production of Bjerkandera sp. and Sarocladium sp. was not affected by the same treatment. The accumulation of Pb in Microdochium sp. increased as a function of the concentration of the metal in the growth media, between 48·3 and 241·3 µmol l-1 . We showed that two Poaceae plants growing on a Lead-Zinc tailing storage facility are a source of endophyte fungi and that Pb had a differential effect on the growth of the isolated fungi independent of the plant of origin.
Assuntos
Metais Pesados , Poluentes do Solo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Fungos/genética , Chumbo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Solo/química , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Zinco/análiseRESUMO
The expression of four transcription variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARG) (XM_015292931.1; XM_015292932.1; XM_015292933.1 and NM_001001460.1) in the liver of broilers was measured and its correlation with abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat content was investigated. The study was conducted with 92 slow-growing crossbred chickens (Cobb males x indigenous Green-legged Partridge female chickens) divided into fat and lean groups, according to their abdominal fat yield. The NM_001001460.1 transcriptwas upregulated with ratio of means 4.26 (p0.01) in the fat group in relation to the lean group. Expression of this transcript was highly correlated with relative abdominal fat content (0.71, p0.01) and abdominal fat weight (0.59, p0.01). Two SNPs are located in putative transcription factor binding sites. Mutation -991C>A disrupts PPAR while mutation -884C>T disrupts C/EBP putative binding site. The gene expression analysis of PPARg showed that the expression of the transcripts (NM_001001460.1) was more than four times higher in fat than in lean chickens. These results point out that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma NM_001001460.1 transcript could be candidate gene for determination of abdominal fat deposition in the chickens.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , PPAR gama/análise , Fígado , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Gordura Abdominal , Expressão GênicaRESUMO
The expression of four transcription variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARG) (XM_015292931.1; XM_015292932.1; XM_015292933.1 and NM_001001460.1) in the liver of broilers was measured and its correlation with abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat content was investigated. The study was conducted with 92 slow-growing crossbred chickens (Cobb males x indigenous Green-legged Partridge female chickens) divided into fat and lean groups, according to their abdominal fat yield. The NM_001001460.1 transcriptwas upregulated with ratio of means 4.26 (p0.01) in the fat group in relation to the lean group. Expression of this transcript was highly correlated with relative abdominal fat content (0.71, p0.01) and abdominal fat weight (0.59, p0.01). Two SNPs are located in putative transcription factor binding sites. Mutation -991C>A disrupts PPAR while mutation -884C>T disrupts C/EBP putative binding site. The gene expression analysis of PPARg showed that the expression of the transcripts (NM_001001460.1) was more than four times higher in fat than in lean chickens. These results point out that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma NM_001001460.1 transcript could be candidate gene for determination of abdominal fat deposition in the chickens.
Assuntos
Animais , Fígado , Galinhas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gordura Abdominal , PPAR gama/análise , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Expressão GênicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT The expression of four transcription variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene (PPARG) (XM_015292931.1; XM_015292932.1; XM_015292933.1 and NM_001001460.1) in the liver of broilers was measured and its correlation with abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat content was investigated. The study was conducted with 92 slow-growing crossbred chickens (Cobb males x indigenous Green-legged Partridge female chickens) divided into fat and lean groups, according to their abdominal fat yield. The NM_001001460.1 transcriptwas upregulated with ratio of means 4.26 (p0.01) in the fat group in relation to the lean group. Expression of this transcript was highly correlated with relative abdominal fat content (0.71, p0.01) and abdominal fat weight (0.59, p0.01). Two SNPs are located in putative transcription factor binding sites. Mutation -991C>A disrupts PPAR while mutation -884C>T disrupts C/EBP putative binding site. The gene expression analysis of PPARg showed that the expression of the transcripts (NM_001001460.1) was more than four times higher in fat than in lean chickens. These results point out that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma NM_001001460.1 transcript could be candidate gene for determination of abdominal fat deposition in the chickens.
RESUMO
This paper summarizes historical and philosophical aspects, from Ancient Greece to the Middle Ages, concerning the split between physicians and surgeons that began to take place in Alexandria. When exploring the changes in classical medical thought and its influence on philosophy, we conclude that this historical moment was marked by a dual distinction between an essential being and a body subjected to becoming. From a unified mind in Hippocrates, in which medicine is based in knowledge of the relations, subjected to laws, of the organism exposed to natural forces Φνσις (physis among the Jonics), a rift amongst body and soul is conceived, specifically in Platonic thought, from which the surgical intervention of the body is considered improper of the medical art.