RESUMO
Mobile phone addiction is a robust phenomenon observed throughout the world. The social aspect of mobile phone use is crucial; therefore, phubbing is a part of the mobile phone addiction phenomenon. Phubbing is defined as ignoring an interlocutor by glancing at one's mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation. The main aim of this study was to investigate how the Phubbing Scale (containing 10 items) might vary across countries, and between genders. Data were collected in 20 countries: Belarus, Brazil, China, Croatia, Ecuador, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, UK, Ukraine and USA. The mean age across the sample (N = 7696, 65.8% women, 34.2% men) was 25.32 years (SD = 9.50). The cross-cultural invariance of the scale was investigated using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) as well as the invariance analyses. Additionally, data from each country were assessed individually via confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs). We obtained two factors, based on only eight of the items: (a) communication disturbances and (b) phone obsession. The 8 items Phubbing Scale.
Assuntos
Comportamento Aditivo , Adulto , Brasil , China , Comunicação , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , PsicometriaRESUMO
Grey level co-occurrence matrix analysis (GLCM) is a well-known mathematical method for quantification of cell and tissue textural properties, such as homogeneity, complexity and level of disorder. Recently, it was demonstrated that this method is capable of evaluating fine structural changes in nuclear structure that otherwise are undetectable during standard microscopy analysis. In this article, we present the results indicating that entropy, angular second moment, variance, and texture correlation of lymphocyte nuclear structure determined by GLCM method are different in thymus cortex when compared to medulla. A total of 300 thymus lymphocyte nuclei from 10 one-month-old mice were analyzed: 150 nuclei from cortex and 150 nuclei from medullar regions of thymus. Nuclear GLCM analysis was carried out using National Institutes of Health ImageJ software. For each nucleus, entropy, angular second moment, variance and texture correlation were determined. Cortical lymphocytes had significantly higher chromatin angular second moment (p < 0.001) and texture correlation (p < 0.05) compared to medullar lymphocytes. Nuclear GLCM entropy and variance of cortical lymphocytes were on the other hand significantly lower than in medullar lymphocytes (p < 0.001). These results suggest that GLCM as a method might have a certain potential in detecting discrete changes in nuclear structure associated with lymphocyte migration and maturation in thymus.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Entropia , Linfócitos T/citologia , Timo/citologia , Animais , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Camundongos , Linfócitos T/fisiologia , Linfócitos T/ultraestruturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subjects that spend more time working on computers or watching television could have a higher body mass index. AIM: To assess the relationship between time spent in front of a screen and studying, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep duration among university students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 734 randomly selected students aged 21 ± 2 years (450 females) that responded an anonymous, structured questionnaire about time spent watching television or in front of a computer, time spent studying, number of daily hours of sleep, smoking habits and number of daily meals. Body mass index was also calculated for all subjects RESULTS: Among males, the number of daily sleep hours, time spent working with computers and number of daily meals were significantly higher and time spent studying was significantly lower than females. Nonsmokers ate a significantly higher number of meals and spent less time watching television. No association was observed between time spent in front of a screen and number of sleep hours of body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Men and smokers spend more time working in computers. There is no association between body mass index and time spent in front of screens.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Comportamento Sedentário , Sono/fisiologia , Fumar/epidemiologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Computadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Sérvia/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Tempo , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Subjects that spend more time working on computers or watching television could have a higher body mass index. Aim: To assess the relationship between time spent in front of a screen and studying, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and sleep duration among university students. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 734 randomly selected students aged 21 ±2 years (450 females) that responded an anonymous, structured questionnaire about time spent watching television or in front of a computer, time spent studying, number of daily hours of sleep, smoking habits and number of daily meals. Body mass index was also calculated for all subjects Results: Among males, the number of daily sleep hours, time spent working with computers and number of daily meals were significantly higher and time spent studying was significantly lower than females. Nonsmokers ate a significantly higher number of meals and spent less time watching television. No association was observed between time spent in front of a screen and number of sleep hours of body mass index. Conclusions: Men and smokers spend more time working in computers. There is no association between body mass index and time spent in front of screens.
Antecedentes: Aquellos individuos que trabajan en computadores o ven televisión por mucho tiempo pudieran tener un índice de masa corporal mayor. Propósito: Evaluar la asociación entre el tiempo ocupado viendo televisión o trabajando en el computador, índice de masa corporal, hábito de fumar y horas diarias de sueño en estudiantes universitarios. Material y Métodos: Se efectuó un estudio transversal de 734 estudiantes elegidos al azar de 21 ±2 años de edad (450 mujeres), que respondieron una encuesta acerca del número de horas que pasaban viendo televisión, trabajando en un computator o estudiando, el número de horas diarias de sueño, hábito tabáquico y número diario de comidas. Además se calculó el índice de masa corporal de los encuestados. Resultados: Los hombres dormían más horas por día, pasaban más tiempo trabajando en computadores o viendo televisión y estudiaban menos horas por día que las mujeres. Los no fumadores comían más comidas por día y permanecían menos horas viendo televisión. No hubo una asociación significativa entre el número de horas enfrente de una pantalla o la cantidad de horas diarias de sueño con el índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones: Los hombres y los fumadores pasan más tiempo viendo televisión o trabajando en computadores. No se observó una relación entre el tiempo que se permanece frente a una pantalla y el índice de masa corporal.