RESUMO
Trata-se de estudo transversal - com amostra representativa de servidores públicos municipais de uma cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS - que investigou a síndrome de burnout e sua associação com características do cargo, percepção sobre o trabalho e contexto laboral. Utilizaram-se o Maslach Burnout Inventory, versão de Human Services Survey, e um questionário. A dimensão exaustão emocional teve os maiores índices, associando-se, principalmente, com trabalho à noite, turno integral ou variado e licenças de saúde. As três dimensões se associaram significativamente com variáveis que refletiam percepção negativa do ambiente e contexto do trabalho; baixa realização profissional só se associou com variáveis relacionadas à percepção do trabalho e contexto laboral, além de licenças de saúde, mas com nenhuma referente às características do cargo. O estudo mostra a importância da organização do trabalho no desenvolvimento da síndrome e a necessidade de intervenções preventivas, principalmente no âmbito das relações interpessoais.
It is a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the Burnout Syndrome in public workers of a citys metropolitan region of Porto Alegre - RS, and its possible associations with characteristics of the position and the perception of type of work and workplace. The instrument used was composed of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, version Human Services Survey and a questionary. The Emotional Exhaustion dimension had higher scores. There was a relation, mainly of night shift, day shift or varied shifts to the health absences. The three dimensions of Burnout were associated with the variables that revealed dissatisfaction with the type of work and workplace. Low level of professional fulfillment was only associated to the variables related to the work perception and the labor context as well as health absences. Neither of them were related to the characteristics of the position of the worker. The study shows the importance of the work organization on the development of the syndrome and the necessity of preventive interventions, mainly regarding the interpersonal relationships at work.
Estudio transversal con una muestra representativa de los trabajadores del ayuntamiento de una ciudad de la Comunidad de Porto Alegre - RS, que investigó el síndrome de burnout y su asociación con características de la función ejercida, percepción acerca del trabajo y contexto laboral. El instrumento utilizado fue el Maslach Burnout Inventory, versión Human Services Survey y un cuestionario. La dimensión agotamiento emocional fue la que tuvo los más altos índices y estuvo asociada con trabajo nocturno, turno completo o variado y ausentismo laboral por problemas de salud. Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las tres dimensiones y variables que reflejan una percepción negativa del ambiente y contexto laboral. Baja realización profesional tuvo asociación tan solo con variables relativas a la percepción del trabajo y contexto laboral, y absentismo laboral por problemas de salud, pero no presentó asociación con características de la función ejercida. El estudio demuestra la importancia de la organización del trabajo en el desarrollo del síndrome y la necesidad de intervenciones preventivas principalmente en el ámbito de las relaciones interpersonales.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This case-control study explored factors associated with multiple psychiatric admissions, focusing on service-related and individual-level factors. METHODS: The case group consisted of 307 adults admitted to either of two public psychiatric hospitals in southern Brazil during a 12-month period; they had had three or more psychiatric admissions in the two years before the current admission. To account for the recurrent nature of psychiatric admissions, a concurrent case-control design was adopted, which allowed patients in the case group to return at discharge to the population at risk of readmission. The control group consisted of individuals who had their first inpatient readmission in 2006 (N=354). A hierarchical model with four levels was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Individuals who had been referred to community psychosocial support units after their most recent discharge had about 20% lower odds of multiple readmissions than those referred to usual outpatient care. Those who lived closer to the hospital (residents of the same city) were more likely to have multiple readmissions. The adjusted multivariate hierarchical analysis revealed that a diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychotic symptoms was associated with multiple readmissions, as were younger age at first admission and a greater number of previous admissions. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that community psychosocial support services play a strong role in preventing multiple psychiatric admissions. Further research is needed to identify the specific components of these services that reduce readmission and to analyze their cost-effectiveness.
Assuntos
Hospitais Psiquiátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Readmissão do Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) in the population has been poorly described in developing countries. Population data on child sexual abuse in Brazil is very limited. This paper aims to estimate lifetime prevalence of child sexual abuse and associated factors in a representative sample of the population aged 14 and over in a city of southern Brazil. METHODS: A two-stage sampling strategy was used and individuals were invited to respond to a confidential questionnaire in their households. CSA was defined as non-consensual oral-genital, genital-genital, genital-rectal, hand-genital, hand-rectal, or hand-breast contact/intercourse between ages 0 and 18. Associations between socio-demographic variables and CSA, before and after age 12, were estimated through multinomial regression. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 1936 respondents from 1040 households. Prevalence of CSA among girls (5.6% 95%CI [4.8;7.5]) was higher than among boys (1.6% 95%CI [0.9;2.6]). Boys experienced CSA at younger ages than girls and 60% of all reported CSA happened before age 12. Physical abuse was frequently associated with CSA at younger (OR 5.6 95%CI [2.5;12.3]) and older (OR 9.4 95%CI [4.5;18.7]) ages. CSA after age 12 was associated with an increased number of sexual partners in the last 2 months. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that CSA takes place at young ages and is associated with physical violence, making it more likely to have serious health and developmental consequences. Except for gender, no other socio-demographic characteristic identified high-risk sub-populations.
Assuntos
Abuso Sexual na Infância/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Violência Doméstica/psicologia , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Distribuição por SexoRESUMO
This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of suicide planning and associated factors in a representative sample of 12- to-18-year-old students in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Two self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data: a questionnaire, standardized by the World Health Organization, about use of alcohol and drugs, violence, feelings of loneliness and sadness, family relationships, suicide planning, behavior in school, and relationships with friends; and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Prevalence of suicide planning was 6.3%. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed that the prevalence of suicide planning was higher among girls and among adolescents that reported problems in the relationships with their parents. Drug use by friends and having a small number of close friends increased suicide planning by 90% and 66%, respectively. Prevalence of suicide planning was two to three times greater among adolescents bullied by classmates or who reported feelings of loneliness or sadness. Adverse family relationships, aggressive interactions with classmates, and depressive symptoms increase the prevalence of suicide planning. Therefore, preventive measures should be developed in schools and should include the family.
Assuntos
Motivação , Estudantes/psicologia , Suicídio/psicologia , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Agressão , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Depressão/epidemiologia , Emoções , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Amigos , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Solidão , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Estudo transversal com objetivo de investigar a prevalência de planejamento suicida e fatores associados em amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares de um município da grande Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com idade entre 12 e 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se dois questionários auto-aplicáveis: um sobre uso de álcool, drogas, violência, sentimentos de solidão e tristeza, relacionamento familiar, planejamento suicida, comportamento na escola e com amigos, padronizado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e o Body Shape Questionnaire. A prevalência de planejamento suicida foi 6,3 por cento. A análise multivariada utilizando a regressão de Cox mostrou que o planejamento suicida é mais prevalente em meninas e jovens que referem problemas na relação com os pais. O uso de drogas pelos amigos e pequeno número de amigos próximos aumentaram em, respectivamente, 90 por cento e 66 por cento o planejamento suicida. Aqueles agredidos por colegas, os que referiram sentirem-se sozinhos e tristes apresentaram duas a três vezes mais prevalência de planejamento suicida. Assim, relações familiares adversas, contatos agressivos com colegas e sintomas depressivos aumentam a prevalência de planejamento suicida, necessitando de ações preventivas na escola, incluindo a família.
This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of suicide planning and associated factors in a representative sample of 12- to-18-year-old students in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Two self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data: a questionnaire, standardized by the World Health Organization, about use of alcohol and drugs, violence, feelings of loneliness and sadness, family relationships, suicide planning, behavior in school, and relationships with friends; and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Prevalence of suicide planning was 6.3 percent. Multivariate analysis using Cox regression showed that the prevalence of suicide planning was higher among girls and among adolescents that reported problems in the relationships with their parents. Drug use by friends and having a small number of close friends increased suicide planning by 90 percent and 66 percent, respectively. Prevalence of suicide planning was two to three times greater among adolescents bullied by classmates or who reported feelings of loneliness or sadness. Adverse family relationships, aggressive interactions with classmates, and depressive symptoms increase the prevalence of suicide planning. Therefore, preventive measures should be developed in schools and should include the family.