RESUMO
Tetanus is an infectious non-contagious disease caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, which penetrates in the organism through wounds. Psychomotor dysfunction facilitates accidents among elderly people and vaccinal coverage is low in this population, thus contributing to high lethality. This study aimed at reflecting on the situation faced by elderly people in relation to tetanus in the perspective of Collective Health. It is a Case Study conducted with two elderly males who had accidental tetanus and were hospitalized in a hospital in the municipality of Fortaleza. Data collection took place from March to April, 1998. The analysis showed the absence of vaccinal coverage as well as of the implementation of emergency prophylaxis. The two patients' conditions developed to death, which confirmed the high mortality due to tetanus in this age group. The critical reflection pointed out the urgency of a collective health approach.
Assuntos
Tétano/etiologia , Idoso , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Saúde Pública , Tétano/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/complicaçõesRESUMO
This is an analytic-bibliographic study which analyzes the concept of nursing in Leininger's Theory and the conceptual development of Nursing presented in the master's degree dissertation chosen for this study. Barnum's model for the analysis and evaluation of theories (Barnum 1998) was used, in relation to the clarity and consistency of the concept, together with questions about Nursing. The group of statements presented in Leininger's transcultural nursing concept and in the dissertation shows what is the focus of nursing and the intrinsic relation to the process of looking after somebody, which must be developed coherently with culture. It also demonstrates that Nursing has a body of specific professional knowledge which guides the care for the client, valuing one's individuality, subjectivity and way of seeing the world. The study made it possible to validate concepts taken from the Theory of Universality and Cultural Diversity of caring and their use in the research according to the analyzed criteria.
Assuntos
Teoria de Enfermagem , Enfermagem Transcultural , Modelos de Enfermagem , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
The aim was to verify the reach of the King's theory (1981) to families of persons with systemic arterial hypertension. The study was developed analyzing the reach of this theory; verification of its applicability in the family context as related by Moreira (1999); and construction of a concept of family with chronic sick persons which is compatible with the theory. The data showed that the theory is interaccionist, with vulnerable borders, and with content elements and context not well defined. In the focalized situation, a family definition with chronic sick persons was built, showing that is possible to use it as part of part of the subject of King's theory.
Assuntos
Família , Hipertensão/terapia , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Hipertensão/enfermagem , Hipertensão/psicologia , Modelos de EnfermagemRESUMO
In spite of the extensive available literature on surgery patients' preparation and on the performance of surgeries, the focus given to the cancellation of the surgical act has been quite restricted. This study aims at identifying the number of scheduled and cancelled surgeries as well as the services that are mostly affected by such cancellations and was carried out in the surgery service of a big public university hospital located in the metropolitan area of Fortaleza, Ceará. The data were collected through surgery registration books, daily maps of surgery schedules and from the files of patients scheduled for surgery from September to December, 1996. The gathered data were analyzed quantitatively and introduced in charts. The results demonstrate that from the 1,145 surgeries programmed in the selected period, 379 (33%) had been cancelled. The mostly prejudiced services were General Surgery, Ophthalmology, Head and Neck Surgery, Trauma and Orthopedics, Otorhinolaryngology, Nephrology and Renal Transplant, and Proctology. Further investigation in this area in order to know the determinant causes of surgery cancellation as well as the participation of nursing in the study of this problem are necessary.
Assuntos
Agendamento de Consultas , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Enfermagem Perioperatória , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Hospitais Universitários/organização & administração , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To face an hospitalization is not easy task and when the patient is a blind person it becomes still more complex, because the lack of the vision delays the person's adaptation. The nursing team works with the patient and needs fo after support on the moment of crisis. The nurse, as boss of the nursing team, needs to be qualified for intervening. This work is a case study where the authors intended to reflect about the nursing attendance offered during a blind person hospitalization. The qualitative analysis of the data based on the thematic categories model and showed that the experience of blind person hospitalization involved communication, nursing attendance, ethics, the human rights and blindness.
Assuntos
Cegueira/enfermagem , Cegueira/psicologia , Humanos , Cuidados de Enfermagem/éticaRESUMO
Family planning is fundamental for the appropriate structuring of the family. This offers knowledge to decide on the number of children, and the most adequate moment to have them. The current health information being advertised is based on visual communication. This fact hinders the access of visually impaired people to such important knowledge. The present study has as objectives the creation of self-instructional educational material concerning mechanical contraceptive methods and IUD, as well as its evaluation. The research was divided in two methodological parts. In the first part, methods that explored the senses of hearing and touch were elaborated. In the second part, these methods were tested by a sight impaired couple. The data for the evaluation was obtained through interviews. Results show that the use of appropriate content and language facilitate the understanding of the contraceptive methods by these people. Verbal and tactile communication was favored and contributed on the reconstruction of citizenship for the visually impaired.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção , Educação/métodos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos , Pessoas com Deficiência Visual , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Vision allows us to assimilate the environment, helping us to construct knowledge. New-borns need time to develop some organs and senses, among them vision. The early premature visual stimulation may prevent its psycho-motor and social development from being late. In this study an experimental group has been submitted to stimulation process and visual evaluation and other group, the control one, was only evaluated. Data analysis considered exposure time, tool used, number of days and stimulation response. It has been verified that new-borns submitted to visual stimulation are alert, active and attentive; those from the control group are uninterested and stimulus little active. It has been noticed that the stimulation programme will permit visual disturbances to be detected b constant response evaluation.
Assuntos
Intervenção Educacional Precoce/métodos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/fisiologia , Enfermagem Neonatal/métodos , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Adulto , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/psicologia , Pesquisa em Avaliação de Enfermagem , Desempenho Psicomotor , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The study analyses the communication process and its peculiarities related to a non verbal communication with blind people. The perceptive answers of the blind people were observed on an Exposition of Plastic Arts for Blind people. The purpose of using this communication language was to contribute to create education methods to these clientele. The methodology included observation, photographic record, video and personal comments. We conclude that the plastic arts are accessible to the blind by touch and give contributions to create materials about health education using the touch. It helps the apprehension of the whole prevailing the figurative related to the aural perception.
Assuntos
Arteterapia , Cegueira/psicologia , Comunicação não Verbal , Tato , Cegueira/reabilitação , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como AssuntoRESUMO
The improvement of the development in the sensitive organs is given by the process of perceiving what his taken the man to the acquaintance apprehension. The blind man runs a risk of household incident, that is common to all the normal people, but he has no access to educational process about prevention and attendance of these incidents. In a prevention and attendance course for blind people we have developed a pedagogic know-how about anatomy and physiology of the skeleton, circulation of the blood respiratory system, xonder prevention and treatment, for clearance, heart attack and respiratory stop, burned people, electrical shock, traumatism, hemorrhage, intoxication, collapse, spasm and oral medication. We have employed the human skeleton, mannequin, mould, paper, plastic tubes and mainay verbal communication and touching. The instructed contents has been applied in simulation. The know-how has shown efficiency about to be able and it has indicated by the blind people into verbalization and repetition of the proceeding and exercise.