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Introducción: los defectos de la pared son malformaciones congénitas con herniación de algunos órganos de la cavidad abdominal, como es el onfalocele. La prevalencia calculada es 1/10.000 nacimientos en países occidentales, en Colombia se desconoce. El diagnóstico es pre o posnatal requiriendo una serie de exámenes clínicos sistémicos, evaluación diagnóstica secundaria y búsqueda de anomalías asociadas; el tratamiento ha mejorado las tasas de supervivencia entre 70 y 95%. Objetivo: dar a conocer la patología y correlacionar los hallazgos genéticos, ambientales, clínicos y exámenes complementarios para el diagnóstico oportuno, derivando así al paciente a un tratamiento óptimo con disminución de la mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: revisión actualizada de la literatura utilizando buscadores Pubmed, UpToDate y ClinicalKey con énfasis en revisiones sistemáticas, casos clínicos y principales guías clínicas internacionales. Después se envió al jefe del departamento de cirugía pediátrica y a la división de publicaciones para su conocimiento, revisión y aprobación. Resultados: se analizaron 17 artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años, seleccionando los más relevantes y con evidencia clínica actual. Discusión y conclusiones: los estudios recientes han evidenciado nuevos hallazgos que han mejorado la supervivencia y reducido la mortalidad en los últimos 50 años.

Introduction: abdominal wall defects are congenital malformations associated with herniated abdominal organs, such as omphalocele. Its estimated prevalence is 1 per 10.000 live births in western countries. In Colombia the prevalence of omphalocele remains unknown. Omphalocele may be pre or postnatally diagnosed. A series of systemic clinical exams, secondary diagnostic evaluation and assessment for accompanying anomalies, are necessary. Treatment has improved survival rate to 70 and 95%. Objective: to increase awareness of this anomaly and correlate genetic, environmental and clinical findings and complementary exams to enable the early diagnosis and referral of these patients to receive optimal treatment which will reduce mortality. Materials and methods: updated literature review using Pubmed, UpToDate and ClinicalKey search engines, focused on systematic reviews, clinical cases and main international clinical practice guidelines. Found data was submitted to the head of the pediatric surgery department and to the publications division for their information, review and approval Results: 17 articles published in the last 5 years including the most relevant which contained current clinical evidence, were selected. Discussion and conclusions: recent studies have evidenced new findings that have improved survival and reduced mortality in the last 50 years.

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Understanding of the mechanisms implicated in the protective role of probiotic bacteria is of the utmost scientific interest. This study provides original insight into the genetic and molecular basis of the responses of Lactobacillus reuteri PL503 against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. Six experimental groups were considered depending on the addition and concentration of H2O2 and resveratrol: 1. CONTROL (L. reuteri in MRS broth); 2. H2O2 (L. reuteri in MRS broth + 0.5 mM H2O2); 3. LRES (L. reuteri in MRS broth + 20 µM resveratrol); 4. HRES (L. reuteri in MRS broth + 100 µM resveratrol); 5. H2O2-LRES (L. reuteri in MRS broth + 0.5 mM H2O2 + 20 µM resveratrol); 6. H2O2-HRES (L. reuteri in MRS broth + 0.5 mM H2O2 + 100 µM resveratrol). Three replicates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h in microaerophilic conditions sampled at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. The NADH-dependent-oxidoreductase encoded by the dhaT gene is a plausible candidate to be strongly implicated in the antioxidant response of L. reuteri. Resveratrol (100 µM) is found to protect L. reuteri against protein carbonylation plausibly through various mechanisms including direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of the dhaT gene and promoting the synthesis of sulfur containing compounds. The hypothesis formulated on the ability of L. reuteri to detoxify H2O2 and its underlying mechanism needs to be clarified. Furthermore, the consequences of protein carbonylation as a reflection of oxidative damage to bacteria and its role in the responses of bacteria to oxidative stress need to be further investigated.

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The 18-mer anionic peptide GK-1 has been successfully employed to improve the immunogenicity and protective response induced by the influenza vaccine and exhibited some degree of protection against experimental murine melanoma. In this study, a sensitive and quantitative reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to study GK-1 stability under different pH, temperature and storage time. The analysis was carried out on a Sunfire C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water containing 0.02% TFA. The detection was performed on an UV/Vis Detector at 220nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision and selectivity. The linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration range of 0.015-0.24mg/mL (r2=0.99) with lower limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.001 and 0.018mg/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision (relative standard deviation, R.S.D.) values were below 3% at all quality control levels. Forced degradation studies were conducted by introducing a sample of GK-1 peptide standard solution to different conditions of pH (from 2 to 8), temperature (4, 25 and 40°C) and storage time (10days to 6 months). The peptide GK-1 showed to be stable under different ranges of pH and temperature; however it was susceptible to prolonged storage at room temperature. Results shown in this study sustain the high stability of the GK-1 peptide using a reliable new selective and precise method suitable for its analysis.

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