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The Little Chachalaca (Ortalis motmot) is a widely distributed species in the Amazon basin, typically found in riverine habitats. There are two disjunct populations: the northern O. m. motmot and the southern O. m. ruficeps (known as Chestnut-headed Chachalaca). Here we performed a vocal, morphological and plumage comparison between these two taxa. Birds present differences in tail coloration but are otherwise undiagnosable in terms of plumage. Ortalis m. ruficeps is, however, markedly smaller and lighter than O. m. motmot, with no overlap in size or weight. We also found vocal differences between O. m. motmot and O. m. ruficeps, no overlap in geographic distributions and no signs of hybridization across its range. Based on the available data, Ortalis m. ruficeps thus must be considered a valid species, endemic to Brazil.(AU)

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RESUMO

The Little Chachalaca (Ortalis motmot) is a widely distributed species in the Amazon basin, typically found in riverine habitats. There are two disjunct populations: the northern O. m. motmot and the southern O. m. ruficeps (known as Chestnut-headed Chachalaca). Here we performed a vocal, morphological and plumage comparison between these two taxa. Birds present differences in tail coloration but are otherwise undiagnosable in terms of plumage. Ortalis m. ruficeps is, however, markedly smaller and lighter than O. m. motmot, with no overlap in size or weight. We also found vocal differences between O. m. motmot and O. m. ruficeps, no overlap in geographic distributions and no signs of hybridization across its range. Based on the available data, Ortalis m. ruficeps thus must be considered a valid species, endemic to Brazil.

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Montane and submontane forest patches in the state of Bahia, Brazil, are among the few large and preserved Atlantic Forests remnants. They are strongholds of an almost complete elevational gradient, which harbor both lowland and highland bird taxa. Despite being considered a biodiversity hotspot, few ornithologists have surveyed these forests, especially along elevational gradients. Here we compile bird records acquired from systematic surveys and random observations carried out since the 1980s in a 7,500 ha private protected area: Serra Bonita private reserve. We recorded 368 species, of which 143 are Atlantic Forest endemic taxa. Some 16 and 13 species are threatened at the global and national levels, respectively. If one accounts for subspecies, the number of Brazilian threatened taxa raises to 21. Species composition differs between lower and higher elevations, in which case lowlands harbor Amazonia-related taxa, whereas highlands are the home of Atlantic Forest-related taxa.

RESUMO

Montane and submontane forest patches in the state of Bahia, Brazil, are among the few large and preserved Atlantic Forests remnants. They are strongholds of an almost complete elevational gradient, which harbor both lowland and highland bird taxa. Despite being considered a biodiversity hotspot, few ornithologists have surveyed these forests, especially along elevational gradients. Here we compile bird records acquired from systematic surveys and random observations carried out since the 1980s in a 7,500 ha private protected area: Serra Bonita private reserve. We recorded 368 species, of which 143 are Atlantic Forest endemic taxa. Some 16 and 13 species are threatened at the global and national levels, respectively. If one accounts for subspecies, the number of Brazilian threatened taxa raises to 21. Species composition differs between lower and higher elevations, in which case lowlands harbor Amazonia-related taxa, whereas highlands are the home of Atlantic Forest-related taxa.(AU)

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We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.

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RESUMO

We reviewed the occurrences and distributional patterns of migratory species of birds in Brazil. A species was classified as migratory when at least part of its population performs cyclical, seasonal movements with high fidelity to its breeding grounds. Of the 1,919 species of birds recorded in Brazil, 198 (10.3%) are migratory. Of these, 127 (64%) were classified as Migratory and 71 (36%) as Partially Migratory. A few species (83; 4.3%) were classified as Vagrant and eight (0,4%) species could not be defined due to limited information available, or due to conflicting data.(AU)

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The Curl-crested Aracari Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Wagler, 1832 is one of the most remarkable species in the family Ramphastidae. Among other distinctive plumage traits, its modified curly, shiny black crown feathers are unique in the family and are modified to an extent not found in any other living bird species (Brush 1967; Short & Horne 2002). The crown feathers, along with the distinct white throat, were considered sufficient justification in the past to include the species in the monotypic genus Beauharnaisius Bonaparte; however, molecular studies have shown that it is embedded within the genus Pteroglossus Illiger, sister to P. bitorquatus (Hackett & Lehn 1997; Eberhard & Bermingham 2005; Pereira & Wajntal 2008). It is a southern Amazonian species, occurring in the lowlands of northern Peru, north and central Bolivia and western and central Amazonian Brazil, south of the Marañon-Solimões-Amazonas rivers (Short & Horne 2002).

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OBJETIVOS: avaliar o grau de aderências pélvicas em funçäo do tempo e da utilizaçäo de diferentes substâncias empregadas na sua profilaxia. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo com 120 ratas Wistar, albinas, virgens, 3 a 4 meses de idade, pesando aproximadamente 250 gramas, divididas aleatoriamente em 10 grupos de 12 animais cada: controle, sem lesäo; lesöes e sem tratamento; lesöes + soluçäo fisiológica 0,9 por cento; lesöes + Ringer-lactato; lesöes + dextrano 70 a 32 por cento; lesöes + Ringer-lactato/heparina; lesöes + Ringer-lactato/dexametasona; lesöes + Ringer-lactato/hidrocortisona/dexametasona/ampicilina; lesöes + Ringer-lactato/albumina e lesöes + carboximetilcelulose 1 por cento. Após anestesiados os animais, realizaram-se dois tipos de lesöes nos cornos uterinos (escarificaçäo e eletrocauterizaçäo), seguidos de tratamento profilático intraperitoneal com as soluçöes citadas. No 7º, 14º e 28º dia pós-operatório, momentos M1, M2 e M3, respectivamente, avaliaram-se quatro ratas de cada grupo quanto à presença de aderências. Os métodos empregados na quantificaçäo das aderências encontradas basearam-se na classificaçäo de Cohen, com escores variando de 0 a 4+ de acordo com a quantidade, características e localizaçäo das aderências. Foram usadas provas paramétricas para análise da variância e Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: os melhores tratamentos para prevençäo de aderência pélvica em ratas foram: Ringer-lactato/dexametasona (predomínio do escore 1+), dextrano 70 a 32 por cento (predomínio do escore 2+) e Ringer-lactato/hidrocortisona/dexametasona/ampicilina (predomínio do escore 2+). O período pós-operatório, representado pelo momento M3, e a técnica cirúrgica, predominantemente com escore 0, influíram na adesiólise e manutençäo de aderências pélvicas em ratas. CONCLUSÖES: a prevençäo de aderências pélvicas em ratas inicia-se no processo cirúrgico de baixo dano tecidual; o uso de substâncias profiláticas (soluçöes) tem eficácia variada, sendo que algumas mostraram-se mais eficazes que outras

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