RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thiazide diuretics are first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension, but hypertension treatment guidelines have systematically discouraged their use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). For the first time, a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis were performed to assess the effectiveness of thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics to treat hypertension in patients with stages 3b, 4, and 5 CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis that included a literature search using the following databases were performed: MEDLINE through PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) through the Cochrane Library, Embase, and ISI - Web of Science (all databases). Prospective studies that evaluated the effectiveness of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in individuals with a GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included. RESULTS: Five clinical trials, totaling 214 participants, were included, and the mean GFR ranged from 13.0 ± 5.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 26.8 ± 8.8 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was evidence of a reduction in mean blood pressure and in GFR, as well as in fractional sodium excretion and fractional chloride excretion. CONCLUSION: Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics seem to maintain their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. These findings should spur new prospective randomized trials and spark discussions, particularly about upcoming hypertension guidelines.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Tiazidas/uso terapêutico , Tiazidas/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Maternal organism suffers physiological and biomechanical changes during pregnancy, including the separation of rectus abdominis muscles (RAM). This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the distance between the RAM among sedentary and active primiparous women who had vaginal childbirth and cesarean section, to correlate RAM separation with maternal and child variables and to compare these variables between primiparous women with and without RAM diastasis. In total, 56 women were evaluated in their ninth postpartum week, divided into four groups according to the mode of delivery and the practice of resistance exercises. RAM distance was calipered in the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infraumbilical regions. The values obtained were verified via analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation, and independent t-test. We found no main effect between mode of delivery and practice of resistance exercises or interaction between mode of delivery and practice of resistance exercises (p≥0.118) for RAM distance. We found significant correlation between body weight before pregnancy and RAM distance (p<0.001). There was no association between body weight gain during pregnancy and the newborn's weight with RAM distance (p≥0.132). We observed significant difference in body weight before pregnancy between primiparous women with and without RAM diastasis (p<0.005). We found no differences between groups regarding body weight gain during pregnancy and the newborn's weight (p≥0.122). It was concluded that the practice of resistance exercises and the mode of delivery have no impact on the separation of supraumbilical, umbilical, and infraumbilical regions of RAM in primiparous women.
RESUMEN El cuerpo materno sufre cambios fisiológicos y biomecánicos durante el embarazo, entre los cuales se destaca el alejamiento de los músculos rectos abdominales (MRA). Los objetivos de este estudio transversal fueron: comparar la distancia entre los MRA entre mujeres primíparas que realizaban entrenamiento y las sedentarias que se sometieron a parto vaginal y cesárea; correlacionar el alejamiento de los MRA con las variables materno-infantiles; y comparar estas variables entre mujeres primíparas con y sin diástasis de los MRA. Se evaluaron a 56 mujeres en la novena semana posparto, quienes fueron divididas en cuatro grupos según el tipo de parto y la práctica de ejercicios de resistencia. La distancia entre los MRA se midió con un calibre en las regiones supraumbilical, umbilical e infraumbilical. En los datos se aplicaron el análisis de varianza (Anova), la correlación de Pearson y la prueba t independiente. No hubo efecto del tipo de parto, la práctica de ejercicios de resistencia o la interacción del tipo de parto y la práctica de ejercicios de resistencia (p≥0,118) en la distancia entre los MRA. Hubo una correlación significativa entre el peso antes del embarazo y la distancia entre los MRA (p<0,001). No hubo asociación entre el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y el peso del bebé con la distancia entre los MRA (p≥0,132). Hubo una diferencia significativa en el peso antes del embarazo entre mujeres primíparas con y sin diástasis de los MRA (p<0,005). No hubo diferencia entre los grupos en el aumento de peso durante el embarazo y el peso del bebé (p≥0,122). Se concluye que la práctica de ejercicios de resistencia y el tipo de parto no tienen impacto en el alejamiento de los MRA en las regiones supraumbilical, umbilical e infraumbilical en mujeres primíparas.
RESUMO O organismo materno sofre alterações fisiológicas e biomecânicas durante a gestação, dentre elas o afastamento dos músculos retos do abdome (MRAs). Os objetivos deste estudo transversal foram: comparar a distância entre os MRAs entre primíparas treinadas e sedentárias que realizaram parto vaginal e cesárea; correlacionar o afastamento dos MRAs com variáveis materno-infantis; e comparar essas variáveis entre primíparas com e sem diástase dos MRAs. Foram avaliadas 56 mulheres na nona semana pós-parto, divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com o tipo de parto e a prática de exercício resistido. A distância entre os MRAs foi mensurada com paquímetro nas regiões supraumbilical, umbilical e infraumbilical. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Anova), correlação de Pearson e teste t independente. Não houve efeito do tipo de parto, da prática de exercício resistido ou da interação tipo de parto e prática de exercício resistido (p≥0,118) para a distância entre os MRAs. Houve correlação significativa entre peso antes da gestação e distância entre os MRAs (p<0,001). Não houve associação entre ganho de peso na gestação e peso do bebê com a distância entre os MRAs (p≥0,132). Houve diferença significativa no peso antes da gestação entre primíparas com e sem diástase dos MRAs (p<0,005). Não houve diferença entre grupos no ganho de peso na gestação e no peso do bebê (p≥0,122). Conclui-se que a prática de exercício resistido e o tipo de parto não têm impacto no afastamento entre os MRAs nas regiões supraumbilical, umbilical e infraumbilical em primíparas.
RESUMO
Syphilis is a chronic bacterial sexually transmitted infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Different age groups are affected by heterogeneous clinical forms of the disease. We report a case of atypical secondary syphilis in an elderly patient with diffuse annular erythematous lesions on the chest, back, upper and lower limbs diagnosed by histopathological, immunohistochemical and serological tests.
Assuntos
Sífilis , Idoso , Humanos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Treponema pallidumAssuntos
Paracoccidioides , Paracoccidioidomicose , Humanos , Paracoccidioidomicose/diagnóstico , PeleRESUMO
This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer.(AU)
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da sazonalidade na composição química do óleo essencial (OE) de Mentha x piperita L. e Mentha viridis L. cultivadas no sudeste do Brasil. As folhas foram coletadas de novembro de 2011 até agosto de 2013, em meados das seguintes estações: primavera (novembro), verão (fevereiro), outono (maio) e inverno (agosto). A extração do OE foi realizada por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger por uma hora. A composição química do EO foi analisada por GC-FID and GC-MS. O teor de OE e sua composição química foram influenciados pela sazonalidade em ambas as espécies. O maior teor de OE foi obtido para M. x piperita na primavera (4,26%) e para M. viridis na primavera (3,30%) e verão (3,70%). Mentha x piperita aumentou o conteúdo de mentol (16,31 a 41,26%), neomentol (3,02 a 6,39%) e mentona (5,56 a 41,58%) durante a primavera e o verão, respectivamente. Já o conteúdo de OE de M. viridis não apresentou padrão de resposta de qualidade em relação à sazonalidade. Portanto, a colheita para M. x piperita é recomendada durante a primavera, e para M. viridis é recomendada durante a primavera e verão.(AU)
Assuntos
Mentha piperita/química , Mentha viridis/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer.
O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da sazonalidade na composição química do óleo essencial (OE) de Mentha x piperita L. e Mentha viridis L. cultivadas no sudeste do Brasil. As folhas foram coletadas de novembro de 2011 até agosto de 2013, em meados das seguintes estações: primavera (novembro), verão (fevereiro), outono (maio) e inverno (agosto). A extração do OE foi realizada por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger por uma hora. A composição química do EO foi analisada por GC-FID and GC-MS. O teor de OE e sua composição química foram influenciados pela sazonalidade em ambas as espécies. O maior teor de OE foi obtido para M. x piperita na primavera (4,26%) e para M. viridis na primavera (3,30%) e verão (3,70%). Mentha x piperita aumentou o conteúdo de mentol (16,31 a 41,26%), neomentol (3,02 a 6,39%) e mentona (5,56 a 41,58%) durante a primavera e o verão, respectivamente. Já o conteúdo de OE de M. viridis não apresentou padrão de resposta de qualidade em relação à sazonalidade. Portanto, a colheita para M. x piperita é recomendada durante a primavera, e para M. viridis é recomendada durante a primavera e verão.
Assuntos
Mentha piperita/química , Mentha viridis/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/químicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the influence of seasonality in essential oil (EO) chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. and Mentha viridis L. grown in southeast of Brazil. Leaves were collected from November 2011 until August 2013, in the middle of the following seasons: Spring (November), Summer (February), Autumn (May) and Winter (August). EO extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus for 1 hour. Chemical composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO content and its chemical composition were influenced by seasonality in both species. The highest EO content was obtained for M. x piperita during spring (4.26%) and for M. viridis during spring (3.30%) and summer (3.70%). Mentha x piperita increased menthol (16.31 to 41.26%), neomenthol (3.02 to 6.39%) and menthone (5.56 to 41.58%) contents during spring and summer, respectively. Whereas, M. viridis EO content did not show a quality response pattern in relation to seasonality. Therefore, harvest time for M. x piperita is recommended during spring, and for M. viridis is recommended during spring and summer.
RESUMO: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da sazonalidade na composição química do óleo essencial (OE) de Mentha x piperita L. e Mentha viridis L. cultivadas no sudeste do Brasil. As folhas foram coletadas de novembro de 2011 até agosto de 2013, em meados das seguintes estações: primavera (novembro), verão (fevereiro), outono (maio) e inverno (agosto). A extração do OE foi realizada por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger por uma hora. A composição química do EO foi analisada por GC-FID and GC-MS. O teor de OE e sua composição química foram influenciados pela sazonalidade em ambas as espécies. O maior teor de OE foi obtido para M. x piperita na primavera (4,26%) e para M. viridis na primavera (3,30%) e verão (3,70%). Mentha x piperita aumentou o conteúdo de mentol (16,31 a 41,26%), neomentol (3,02 a 6,39%) e mentona (5,56 a 41,58%) durante a primavera e o verão, respectivamente. Já o conteúdo de OE de M. viridis não apresentou padrão de resposta de qualidade em relação à sazonalidade. Portanto, a colheita para M. x piperita é recomendada durante a primavera, e para M. viridis é recomendada durante a primavera e verão.
RESUMO
Masonry has been widely used as a construction method. However, there is a lack of information on its fire behavior due to the multitude of variables that could influence this method. This paper aimed to identify the influence of loading and mortar coating thickness on the fire behavior of masonry. Hence, six masonries made of clay tiles laid with mortar were evaluated. The mortar coating had a thickness of 25 mm on the face not exposed to high temperatures, while the fire-exposed face had thicknesses of 0, 15, and 25 mm. For each mortar coating thickness, two specimens were tested, with and without loading of 10 tf/m. The real-scale specimens were subjected to the standard ISO 834 fire curve for four hours, during which the properties of stability, airtightness, and thermal insulation were assessed. Results showed that loaded specimens yielded smaller deformations than unloaded ones. Samples that lacked mortar coating on the fire-exposed face underwent fire resistance decrease of 27.5%, while the ones with 15 mm decreased by 58.1%, and the ones with 25 mm decreased by 41.0%. As mortar coating thickness increased, the plane deformations decreased from 40 mm to 29 mm and the thermal insulation properties of the walls improved significantly. For specimens with mortar coating thickness of 25 mm, the load application resulted in a reduction of 23.8% of the thermal insulation, while the unloaded specimen showed a decrease of 43.3%, as well as a modification of its fire-resistance rating.
RESUMO
O linfedema de membro superior é uma complicação frequente após tratamento do câncer de mama. Quando há recidiva do tumor ou crescimento tumoral desconhecido que gera infiltração ou compressão da rede linfática, pode ocorrer o desenvolvimento do linfedema maligno. O objetivo terapêutico para o linfedema maligno é estabilizar a doença e mantê-la assintomática. A fisioterapia pode auxiliar no tratamento por meio da técnica denominada "terapia física complexa". O presente estudo aborda o caso de uma paciente de 61 anos pós-tratamento de câncer de mama diagnosticada com linfedema maligno no membro superior esquerdo. A equipe de fisioterapia utilizou a terapia física complexa para redução e controle do linfedema no membro superior afetado e obteve valores expressivos na diminuição do volume em relação à avaliação inicial e ao final do tratamento, ainda, não houve retrocesso a valores iniciais após período de 3 meses de seguimento. (AU)
Upper limb lymphedema is a frequent complication following breast cancer treatment. When there is tumor relapse, or unknown tumor growth that leads to lymph nodes compression or infiltration, the development of malignant lymphedema can take place. The therapeutic goal for malignant lymphedema is to stabilize the disease, and keep it asymptomatic. Physical therapy can help in the treatment through the technique called "complex physical therapy". The present study deals with the case of a 61-year-old patient after treatment of breast cancer diagnosed with malignant lymphedema in the left upper limb. The physiotherapy team used complex physical therapy to reduce and control the upper limb lymphoedema, and obtained significant values in volume reduction at the end of treatment compared to baseline, and no reversal to initial values after a 3-month follow up was observed. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Linfedema Relacionado a Câncer de Mama/terapia , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Extremidade Superior/patologia , Bandagens Compressivas , Linfedema Relacionado a Câncer de Mama/etiologia , Linfedema Relacionado a Câncer de Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Linfedema Relacionado a Câncer de Mama/radioterapia , Drenagem Linfática ManualRESUMO
Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L., Asteraceae) is an important medicinal plant used worldwide for its medicinal properties such as the analgesic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and production of photosynthetic pigments and of volatile constituents of Achillea millefolium L. under different irrigation depths. The treatments were the application of 55, 110, 220, 440 and 880 mm of water for a period of 110 days. Data were submitted to polynomial regression analysis at 5% probability, while the volatile constituents were analyzed by standard deviation. Different irrigation depths provided quadratic growth responses being the highest dry matter production at the depth of 440 mm. The contents of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids were higher at the lower depth tested (55 mm). The major volatile compounds identified were sabinene, 1,8-cineol, borneol and ß-caryophyllene. Increased water availability reduced the complexity of the volatile fraction of essential oil. Thus, it is recommended that the species be cultivated at 440 mm irrigation depth to have a higher production of dry matter and lower variation in the volatile profile of the essential oil.
Assuntos
Achillea/química , Achillea/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Compostos Orgânicos/análise , Óleos Voláteis/classificação , Compostos Orgânicos/classificação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Pollution generated by hazardous elements and persistent organic compounds that affect coal fire is a major environmental concern because of its toxic nature, persistence, and potential risk to human health. The coal mining activities are growing in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil, thus the collateral impacts on the health and economy are yet to be analyzed. In addition, the environment is also enduring the collateral damage as the waste materials directly influence the coal by-products applied in civil constructions. This study was aimed to establish the relationships between the composition, morphology, and structural characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted by coal mine fires. In Brazil, the self-combustions produced by Al-Ca-Fe-Mg-Si coal spheres are rich in chalcophile elements (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn), lithophile elements (Ce, Hf, In, La, Th, and U), and siderophile elements (Co, Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni, and V). The relationship between nanomineralogy and the production of hazardous elements as analyzed by advanced methods for the geochemical analysis of different materials were also delineated. The information obtained by the mineral substance analysis may provide a better idea for the understanding of coal-fire development and assessing the response of particular coal in different combustion processes.
Assuntos
Carvão Mineral , Exposição Ambiental , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Substâncias Perigosas/análise , Mineração , Material Particulado/análise , Brasil , Substâncias Perigosas/classificação , Humanos , Tamanho da Partícula , Medição de Risco , Combustão EspontâneaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The present study reports the effects of double source of vibration semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) on subjective and objective variables in subjects with voice complaints. METHODS: Eighty-four participants with voice complaints were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) water resistance therapy, (2) tongue trills, (3) lip trills, and (4) raspberry (tongue and lip trills at the same time). Before and after voice therapy, participants underwent aerodynamic, electroglottographic, and acoustic assessments. Measures for the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (VTDS), self-assessment of resonant voice quality, and sensation of muscle relaxation were also obtained. Three assessment sessions were conducted: (1) before the therapy session (Pre), (2) immediately after the voice therapy session (Post 1), and (3) 1 week after home practice (Post 2). RESULTS: Significant differences between baseline (Pre) and both post measures were found for the perception of muscle relaxation and resonant voice quality. No significant differences between Post 1 and Post 2 for any exercises were observed. This indicates that all voice exercises improved subjective self-perceived voice quality immediately after exercises and that improvement remained stable after 1 week of practice. Water resistance therapy and raspberry attained the highest effect. A significant decrease for all exercises was also observed for VTDS values after 1 week of practice. Although some significant changes were observed in objective variables, no clear patterns could be detected. CONCLUSIONS: SOVTEs with secondary source of vibration may reduce vocal symptoms related to physical discomfort in subjects with voice complaints. Objective variables apparently do not fully reflect subjective positive outcomes, or they are not sensitive enough to capture changes. No significant differences between four observed SOVTEs were observed.
Assuntos
Glote/fisiopatologia , Fonação , Acústica da Fala , Distúrbios da Voz/terapia , Qualidade da Voz , Treinamento da Voz , Adulto , Chile , Feminino , Humanos , Lábio , Masculino , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Autoimagem , Percepção da Fala , Fatores de Tempo , Língua , Resultado do Tratamento , Vibração , Distúrbios da Voz/diagnóstico , Distúrbios da Voz/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios da Voz/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common clinical form of American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. CL is associated with a strong Th1 immune response. This exacerbated inflammatory response is correlated with severity of disease and delays the healing time of the ulcer. The fourth-generation immucillin derivative (DI4G), a potent inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, has been proposed as a promising agent in the treatment of diseases associated with T cell activation. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of DI4G in cells of patients presenting with CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from CL patients were stimulated with soluble leishmania antigen (SLA), in the presence or absence of DI4G, and IFN-γ, TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels were determined by ELISA. Lymphocyte proliferation in the presence or absence of DI4G was also evaluated, using flow cytometry. DI4G was able to decrease (p < 0.05) IFN-γ production but did not change the TNF, CXCL9, and CXCL10 levels. DI4G decreased (p < 0.05) the lymphoproliferative response mediated by CD8+ T cells, but not that by CD4+ T cells. DI4G is able to attenuate the exaggerated immune response in CL, exhibiting immunomodulatory activity in IFN-γ production and in CD8+ T cell proliferation.
Assuntos
Adenina/análogos & derivados , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Leishmania braziliensis/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Purina-Núcleosídeo Fosforilase/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Células Th1/imunologia , Adenina/química , Adenina/farmacologia , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Brasil , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunomodulação , Ativação Linfocitária , Pirrolidinas/químicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Piper hispidinervum C. DC. is popularly known as long-pepper and it owns a commercial value due to the essential oil it produces. Long-pepper oil is rich in safrole and eugenoln components that have insecticidal, fungicidal and bactericidal activity. It has been establish that to medicinal plants light influences not only growth but also essential oil production. The growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the essential oil production of Piper hispidinervum at greenhouses with different light conditions was evaluated. The treatments were characterized by cultivation of plants for 180 days under different light conditions, produced by shading greenhouses with 50% and 30% of natural incident irradiance, two colored shading nets red (RN) and blue (BN) both blocking 50% of the incident radiation and one treatment at full-sun (0% of shade). The results showed that the treatments of 50% shade and RN and BN were the ones which stimulated the greater growth. Blue and red light also had the best production of photosynthetic pigments. Essential oil yielded more under full sun therefore this is the most indicated condition to produce seedlings for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
Assuntos
Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Luz Solar , Óleos Voláteis/metabolismo , Piper/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Piper/efeitos da radiação , Piper/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de Tempo , Clorofila/análise , Clorofila/metabolismo , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação , Folhas de Planta/metabolismoRESUMO
Piper hispidinervum C. DC. is popularly known as long-pepper and it owns a commercial value due to the essential oil it produces. Long-pepper oil is rich in safrole and eugenoln components that have insecticidal, fungicidal and bactericidal activity. It has been establish that to medicinal plants light influences not only growth but also essential oil production. The growth, the content of photosynthetic pigments and the essential oil production of Piper hispidinervum at greenhouses with different light conditions was evaluated. The treatments were characterized by cultivation of plants for 180 days under different light conditions, produced by shading greenhouses with 50% and 30% of natural incident irradiance, two colored shading nets red (RN) and blue (BN) both blocking 50% of the incident radiation and one treatment at full-sun (0% of shade). The results showed that the treatments of 50% shade and RN and BN were the ones which stimulated the greater growth. Blue and red light also had the best production of photosynthetic pigments. Essential oil yielded more under full sun therefore this is the most indicated condition to produce seedlings for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Piper/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Piper/metabolismo , Piper/efeitos da radiação , Luz Solar , Clorofila/análise , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/efeitos da radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A reabilitação do membro superior do paciente com sequelas de acidente vascular encefálico é um dos desafios de maior complexidade para o fisioterapeuta. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o uso da Terapia de Contenção Induzida (técnica recente) isoladamente na melhora funcional do membro superior parético em pacientes pós-acidente vascular encefálico a partir de uma revisão sistemática sem metanálise das bases de dados PubMed,LILACS e SciELO, seguindo os critérios de inclusão: ano de publicação entre 2010 e 2015, estudos clínicos controlados e randomizados que avaliaram a funcionalidade do membro superior hemiparético, e estudos que utilizaram somente a Terapia de Contensão Induzida como técnica de tratamento no mesmo grupo estudado. Foram critérios de exclusão relativos à Terapia de Contensão Induzida: associada a outras técnicas de reabilitação no mesmo grupo estudado, modificada, realizada para fins que não para o membro superior parético, e realizada em crianças e adolescentes ou em pacientes com paralisia cerebral. Foram encontrados 352 artigos. Seis artigos se enquadraram nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Dos seis artigos, três apresentaram a comparação da Terapia de Contensão Induzida com outras técnicas, como Bobath, estimulação magnética transcraniana repetitiva de baixa frequência, terapia ocupacional e terapia intensiva bilateral. Dois artigos verificaram a Terapia de Contensão Induzida precoce e tardiamente; somente um avaliou o fluxo sanguíneo do hemisfério afetado durante tarefas motoras com e sem restrição. Conclui-se que a Terapia de Contensão Induzida utilizada precocemente oferece resultados satisfatórios quando comparados com técnicas mais tradicionais.
Upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke sequelae is one of the most complex challenges to the physiotherapist. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of constraint-Induced movement therapy (recent technique) alone in functional improvement of the paretic upper limb in post-stroke patients through a systematic review with no metanalysis of databases of PubMed, LILACS and SciELO. The inclusion criteria were: year of publication between 2010 and 2015; controlled and randomized clinical studies that evaluated the functionality of hemiparetic upper limb, and controlled and randomized clinical studies evaluating only the Constraint-induced Movement Therapy as a treatment technique in the same study group.Exclusion criteria related to the Constraint-induced Movement Therapy were: associated with other rehabilitation techniques in the same study group, modified, carried out for purposes other than for the paretic upper limb, and performed in children and teenagers or in patients with cerebral palsy. We found 352 articles. Six articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the six articles, three had a comparison of Constraint-induced movement therapy with other techniques, such as Bobath,low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,occupational therapy, and bilateral intensive therapy. Two articles observed early and late Constraint-induced Movement Therapy; only one evaluated the blood flow of the affected hemisphere during motor tasks with and without constraint. It was concluded that the Constraint-induced Movement Therapy use provides satisfactory results when compared with more traditional techniques
Assuntos
Humanos , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/instrumentação , Contenções/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/reabilitação , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologia , Terapia Combinada , Terapia por Exercício , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
A aplicação de eliciadores em plantas é utilizada em estudos de fisiologia para compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa ao ataque de herbívoros ou infecção por patógenos. Em virtude disso, foi avaliado o efeito do eliciador exógeno quitosana no sistema antioxidante enzimático de jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Foram avaliadas as atividades das enzimas ascorbato peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e as concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e malonaldeído (MDA), ambas análises para verificar a peroxidação lipídica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), constituído de um fatorial (5x2) composto pelos controles sem quitosana (plantas sem pulverização e plantas pulverizadas apenas com o solvente de diluição da quitosana) e concentrações de quitosana (2,5; 5,0 e 10,0 g L-1) em dois estádios de desenvolvimento foliar (em desenvolvimento e completamente expandida). Nas folhas completamente expandidas, o sistema antioxidante foi mais ativo. A CAT teve maior participação no sequestro de radicais livres, induzido pela aplicação da quitosana em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento foliar. A APX foi induzida somente nas folhas completamente expandidas e na maior concentração de quitosana. O método do MDA foi melhor para evidenciar a diferença nos teores de peróxido de hidrogênio, em função do estresse induzido pela quitosana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste ensaio, pode-se sugerir que, nas plantas de jaborandi, as enzimas antioxidativas são requisitadas em resposta ao eliciador em questão, a quitosana, compondo, assim, o mecanismo de defesa dessas plantas.
Elicitors are used in plant physiology studies for comprehension of defense mechanisms against herbivore attach and pathogen infections. For this reason, the exogenous chitosan effect was tested as an elicitor on Jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Thus, it was evaluated the elicitor effect in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,ascorbate peroxidase (APX),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations to estimate the lipid peroxidation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial 5x2, being 2 controls (plants without pulverization and plants sprayed only with a diluting solvent chitosan) and 3 chitosan concentrations (2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 g L-1) in 2 leaf development stage (in development and fully expanded). At the fully expanded leaves, the antioxidant system presented higher active. The CAT had greater involvement in the kidnapping of free radicals induced by the application of chitosan in both leaf stages of development. The APX was induced only in fully expanded leaves and the highest concentration of chitosan. The MDA method was better to highlight the difference in hydrogen peroxide content as a function of stress induced by chitosan. According to the results of this test, it can be suggested that the plants Jaborandi antioxidant enzymes are required in response to the elicitor in question, chitosan, thus composing the defense mechanism of these plants.
RESUMO
Elicitors are used in plant physiology studies for comprehension of defense mechanisms against herbivore attach and pathogen infections. For this reason, the exogenous chitosan effect was tested as an elicitor on Jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Thus, it was evaluated the elicitor effect in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,ascorbate peroxidase (APX),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations to estimate the lipid peroxidation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial 5x2, being 2 controls (plants without pulverization and plants sprayed only with a diluting solvent chitosan) and 3 chitosan concentrations (2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 g L-1) in 2 leaf development stage (in development and fully expanded). At the fully expanded leaves, the antioxidant system presented higher active. The CAT had greater involvement in the kidnapping of free radicals induced by the application of chitosan in both leaf stages of development. The APX was induced only in fully expanded leaves and the highest concentration of chitosan. The MDA method was better to highlight the difference in hydrogen peroxide content as a function of stress induced by chitosan. According to the results of this test, it can be suggested that the plants Jaborandi antioxidant enzymes are required in response to the elicitor in question, chitosan, thus composing the defense mechanism of these plants.
A aplicação de eliciadores em plantas é utilizada em estudos de fisiologia para compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa ao ataque de herbívoros ou infecção por patógenos. Em virtude disso, foi avaliado o efeito do eliciador exógeno quitosana no sistema antioxidante enzimático de jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Foram avaliadas as atividades das enzimas ascorbato peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e as concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e malonaldeído (MDA), ambas análises para verificar a peroxidação lipídica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), constituído de um fatorial (5x2) composto pelos controles sem quitosana (plantas sem pulverização e plantas pulverizadas apenas com o solvente de diluição da quitosana) e concentrações de quitosana (2,5; 5,0 e 10,0 g L-1) em dois estádios de desenvolvimento foliar (em desenvolvimento e completamente expandida). Nas folhas completamente expandidas, o sistema antioxidante foi mais ativo. A CAT teve maior participação no sequestro de radicais livres, induzido pela aplicação da quitosana em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento foliar. A APX foi induzida somente nas folhas completamente expandidas e na maior concentração de quitosana. O método do MDA foi melhor para evidenciar a diferença nos teores de peróxido de hidrogênio, em função do estresse induzido pela quitosana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste ensaio, pode-se sugerir que, nas plantas de jaborandi, as enzimas antioxidativas são requisitadas em resposta ao eliciador em questão, a quitosana, compondo, assim, o mecanismo de defesa dessas plantas.
RESUMO
Elicitors are used in plant physiology studies for comprehension of defense mechanisms against herbivore attach and pathogen infections. For this reason, the exogenous chitosan effect was tested as an elicitor on Jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Thus, it was evaluated the elicitor effect in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,ascorbate peroxidase (APX),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations to estimate the lipid peroxidation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial 5x2, being 2 controls (plants without pulverization and plants sprayed only with a diluting solvent chitosan) and 3 chitosan concentrations (2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 g L-1) in 2 leaf development stage (in development and fully expanded). At the fully expanded leaves, the antioxidant system presented higher active. The CAT had greater involvement in the kidnapping of free radicals induced by the application of chitosan in both leaf stages of development. The APX was induced only in fully expanded leaves and the highest concentration of chitosan. The MDA method was better to highlight the difference in hydrogen peroxide content as a function of stress induced by chitosan. According to the results of this test, it can be suggested that the plants Jaborandi antioxidant enzymes are required in response to the elicitor in question, chitosan, thus composing the defense mechanism of these plants.
A aplicação de eliciadores em plantas é utilizada em estudos de fisiologia para compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa ao ataque de herbívoros ou infecção por patógenos. Em virtude disso, foi avaliado o efeito do eliciador exógeno quitosana no sistema antioxidante enzimático de jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Foram avaliadas as atividades das enzimas ascorbato peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e as concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e malonaldeído (MDA), ambas análises para verificar a peroxidação lipídica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), constituído de um fatorial (5x2) composto pelos controles sem quitosana (plantas sem pulverização e plantas pulverizadas apenas com o solvente de diluição da quitosana) e concentrações de quitosana (2,5; 5,0 e 10,0 g L-1) em dois estádios de desenvolvimento foliar (em desenvolvimento e completamente expandida). Nas folhas completamente expandidas, o sistema antioxidante foi mais ativo. A CAT teve maior participação no sequestro de radicais livres, induzido pela aplicação da quitosana em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento foliar. A APX foi induzida somente nas folhas completamente expandidas e na maior concentração de quitosana. O método do MDA foi melhor para evidenciar a diferença nos teores de peróxido de hidrogênio, em função do estresse induzido pela quitosana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste ensaio, pode-se sugerir que, nas plantas de jaborandi, as enzimas antioxidativas são requisitadas em resposta ao eliciador em questão, a quitosana, compondo, assim, o mecanismo de defesa dessas plantas.
RESUMO
Elicitors are used in plant physiology studies for comprehension of defense mechanisms against herbivore attach and pathogen infections. For this reason, the exogenous chitosan effect was tested as an elicitor on Jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Thus, it was evaluated the elicitor effect in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,ascorbate peroxidase (APX),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations to estimate the lipid peroxidation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial 5x2, being 2 controls (plants without pulverization and plants sprayed only with a diluting solvent chitosan) and 3 chitosan concentrations (2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 g L-1) in 2 leaf development stage (in development and fully expanded). At the fully expanded leaves, the antioxidant system presented higher active. The CAT had greater involvement in the kidnapping of free radicals induced by the application of chitosan in both leaf stages of development. The APX was induced only in fully expanded leaves and the highest concentration of chitosan. The MDA method was better to highlight the difference in hydrogen peroxide content as a function of stress induced by chitosan. According to the results of this test, it can be suggested that the plants Jaborandi antioxidant enzymes are required in response to the elicitor in question, chitosan, thus composing the defense mechanism of these plants.(AU)
A aplicação de eliciadores em plantas é utilizada em estudos de fisiologia para compreensão dos mecanismos de defesa ao ataque de herbívoros ou infecção por patógenos. Em virtude disso, foi avaliado o efeito do eliciador exógeno quitosana no sistema antioxidante enzimático de jaborandi (Piper mollicomum Kunth). Foram avaliadas as atividades das enzimas ascorbato peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) e as concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e malonaldeído (MDA), ambas análises para verificar a peroxidação lipídica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), constituído de um fatorial (5x2) composto pelos controles sem quitosana (plantas sem pulverização e plantas pulverizadas apenas com o solvente de diluição da quitosana) e concentrações de quitosana (2,5; 5,0 e 10,0 g L-1) em dois estádios de desenvolvimento foliar (em desenvolvimento e completamente expandida). Nas folhas completamente expandidas, o sistema antioxidante foi mais ativo. A CAT teve maior participação no sequestro de radicais livres, induzido pela aplicação da quitosana em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento foliar. A APX foi induzida somente nas folhas completamente expandidas e na maior concentração de quitosana. O método do MDA foi melhor para evidenciar a diferença nos teores de peróxido de hidrogênio, em função do estresse induzido pela quitosana. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste ensaio, pode-se sugerir que, nas plantas de jaborandi, as enzimas antioxidativas são requisitadas em resposta ao eliciador em questão, a quitosana, compondo, assim, o mecanismo de defesa dessas plantas.(AU)