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BACKGROUND: Perioperative hypothermia in plastic surgery has underestimated risks, including increased risk of infection, cardiac events, blood loss, prolonged recovery time, and increased nausea, pain, and opioid usage. Inadequate preventive measures can result in up to 4 hours of normothermia restoration. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the impact of different strategies for normothermia during plastic surgery procedures and their relationship with clinical outcomes. METHODS: A nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted in a single center in Bogota, Colombia. We enrolled adult patients undergoing body contouring surgery and divided them into 4 intervention groups with different measures to control body temperature. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, comparing several clinical symptoms to evaluate outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients were analyzed. Most of them were females (84.3%). Mean age was 38.6 years, and the median procedure duration was 260 minutes. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not exhibit significant differences between the groups. There were notable variations in temperature measurements at crucial moments during the surgical procedure among the groups, attributed to the implementation of distinct thermal protective strategies. Group comparisons showed a relationship between hypothermia and increased nausea, vomiting, shivering, pain, and additional analgesia requirements. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of active thermal protective measures, such as Blanketrol or HotDog, during body contouring procedures, markedly diminishes the risk of hypothermia and enhances overall clinical outcomes. Implementing these active measures to maintain the patient in a state of normothermia not only improves operating room efficiency but also leads to a reduction in recovery room duration.

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High-definition liposculpture with variable degrees of muscular definition allows both patients and surgeons to broaden the procedure to fit almost any individual preferences; however, skin laxity and those secondary cases still represent a big challenge for the surgeon to achieve optimal outcomes. We are reporting our experience with a new suture-splint procedure to reduce edema, avoid skin laxity, and increase muscular definition after liposculpture. We enrolled patients undergoing HDL with any risk factor that could compromise aesthetic outcomes. Tumescent technique with VASER fat emulsification and power-assisted liposuction were used to complete HDL. We performed a continuous suture over the midline and other areas of muscular definition right before patients awakened from anesthesia. Real-time ultrasound imaging was performed to ensure the safety of the procedure. A total of 52 consecutive patients were treated with MesHD in our study. Only two patients voluntarily dropped off from postoperative analysis due to geographical limitations. Postoperative edema was referred by only one patient after surgery. No major complications were reported. Three patients complained of stabbing pain over one of the stitches, which resolved completely after suture removal. All patients were satisfied with postoperative results. Mesh suture-splint at body areas with high risk of adverse effects after body contouring surgery may be an effective procedure to improve recovery by decreasing edema formation, enhancingmuscular definition, decreasing risk of fibrosis, and avoiding skin laxity postoperative appearance.

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Incorporation of new technologies to assist the liposuction procedure is becoming increasingly common. These technologies allow for a softer technique, balanced shaping, elimination of excess adipose tissue, and skin tightening. Some of these technologies include ultrasound (US; US-assisted liposculpture, VASER-assisted liposuction), power suction (power-assisted liposuction), radiofrequency (RF; RF-assisted lipolysis), and laser (laser-assisted liposuction). In addition, some of these devices have been shown to reduce the incidence of hematomas/inflammation and shorten recovery time. We report our experience in high-definition liposculpture of the arms in addition to new technologies to improve skin retraction, comparing their results in terms of complications, satisfaction score, and aesthetic outcomes. We included patients with mild-to-moderate arm dermatochalasis (Duncan classification) fat deposits in the upper extremities who were considered candidates for third-generation US-assisted liposculpture, power-assisted liposuction, RF-assisted lipolysis/skin tightening, and laser-assisted liposuction. A total of 683 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Most of them were women (n = 605, 88%). Fat grafting was performed in 80 patients (11.7%). A significant portion of the patients were secondary cases (n = 223, 33%). Age ranged from 18 to 70 years (median = 38 years). BMI ranged from 17.8 to 34.8 kg/m2 (mean = 24.3 kg/m2). RF-assisted and laser-assisted high-definition liposculpture of the arms are both effective and reproducible techniques for patients who seek an athletic and slim arm contour. A low rate of complications and high satisfaction index support our findings.

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BACKGROUND: Rib cage remodeling has shown promising aesthetic results as a new technique for body contouring yet risks and complications associated with the procedure have not been well established. The aim of our study is to assess safety, efficacy and patient satisfaction rate associated with a new surgical technique for waistline definition. METHODS: We looked into our records for patients who underwent waist narrowing through a new rib remodeling procedure with osteosynthesis of the 11th and 12th ribs; from October 2022 to June 2023. Follow up was carried out at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Outcomes were evaluated based on waist and hip measures, body images, pain and a patient satisfaction survey. RESULTS: A total of 27 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Our technique resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference, as evidenced by a decrease of 12.1 cm and 13.0 cm at the first and third month respectively (p<0.005). A reduction of hip circumference of 6.2 cm and 8.7 cm was also reported. A high patient satisfaction rate was reported. Postoperative complications included only one case of wound dehiscence and one case of mild pain. Pain levels were also reduced, with a mean pain score of 2.4 at week 1 and 0.26 at month 1. CONCLUSION: Rib osteotomy with osteosynthesis emerges as an innovative, safe, and reliable approach for waist narrowing. Our results suggest that this technique can be applied to a wide variety of patients and presents might entail significant advantages compared to those from other techniques. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective cohort. Level of Evidence: III.

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Background: High-definition liposculpture allowed plastic surgeons to achieve better aesthetic results by carving the underlying muscles and contours in a new way. Several authors have improved the original technique by adding other procedures and new technologies. We designed a new improvement by incorporating bone transformation surgery to overcome the lack of silhouette at the waist and, as a result, optimize the breast-waist-hip ratios. Methods: We carried out a prospective multicenter study, with five different surgeons performing the same rib remodeling technique for waist definition. We used an ultrasonic piece for costal corticotomy and real-time ultrasound imaging to perform green-stick fractures over the last two or three floating ribs. Ours is a new technique based on the prior one described by Kudzaev. Results: We reported 131 consecutive patients who were enrolled in this study. Waistline diameter decreased an average of 8 cm after surgery (P < 0.05). Most patients were women (n = 125, 95.4%). No major complications were reported. Most common complication was prolonged pain, with only three cases of contour asymmetry, all of which were attributable to noncompliance of constantly wearing the corset + compressive garments. Patients reported a high satisfaction rate and fast recovery (Body-QoL survey). Conclusions: Ultrasonic- and ultrasound- assisted indentation surgery of the thorax is a safe and reliable technique for waistline definition, with a high satisfaction rate, almost-invisible scars, and minimal risk for complications. Incorporation of high-definition liposculpture to rib remodeling opens up a new horizon for bone structure modification surgery (S-high-definition remodeling) that can be safely performed for patients who seek better aesthetic outcomes in body contouring.

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Background: Breasts are considered one of the most physically and sexually appealing features of the female body. Reduction/augmentation techniques have greatly evolved in the last decades.We are reporting our experience with an innovative technique for mastopexy that recovers the aesthetics of the breast and avoids over-resection of its lower pole. Methods: Inclusion criteria were women who underwent kite mastopexy with or without implants between January 2018 and May 2022 in a single center (Bogota, Colombia). Exclusion criteria were patients with American Society of Anesthesiology score more than II, with any uncontrolled chronic illness and/or medical history of diabetic mellitus, metabolic syndrome, body mass index more than 32 kg per m2, and active smokers. Results: We found 133 consecutive female patients. Age range was 18 and 67 years (median 39). Breast implants were used for the purpose of kite mastopexy in 52% cases. Patients were divided into two groups: implants (group 1) versus no implants (group 2). Procedure 1 involved mastopexy without implants; procedure 2 included current implant users who underwent either implant removal or in whom implants were not used for the sake of mastopexy. Procedures 3 and 4 included patients who underwent either new implant placement or implant exchange, respectively. Average time of surgery was 1.5 hours. Minor complications were mostly related to wound dehiscence. No major complications were reported. Conclusions: Kite mastopexy restores the breast aesthetics by following specific markings, a new plication of breast pillars, and a reduced scar. Our technique demonstrates a very low rate of complications while entailing natural and appealing results.

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Radiofrequency is frequently used for skin rejuvenation, localized fat elimination and cellulite treatment. It prompts the expression of thermal shock proteins that lead to dermal thickening as a result of collagen synthesis. The authors report a histological and clinical analysis of the arm subdermal changes before and after bipolar radiofrequency treatment plus liposuction to determine their benefits for arm contouring. Methods: Inclusion criteria included patients with stage 1, 2a, and 2b brachial ptosis (Duncan classification) and upper limb fat deposits who were considered candidates for third-generation ultrasound-assisted liposculpture plus radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis/skin tightening. Arm subdermal tissue samples (5 mm³) were analyzed before and after the intervention. We used 10% formaldehyde for tissue fixation and stained each sample with hematoxylin/eosin, Masson trichrome, and antibody markers against the cell cycle Ki-67 protein. Results: We analyzed a total of 12 biopsies from six patients who meet the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Histological findings with hematoxylin/eosin revealed hyperplastic and metaplastic changes with focal distribution within the papillary and reticular dermis. Masson trichrome staining showed an increase of the characteristic basophilia of thin type-I and type-III collagen fibers. In contrast, molecular analysis reported an increase in fibroblast activity mediated by the activation of the heat shock protein HSP47. Conclusion: Radiofrequency may be a great alternative to improve skin retraction in patients with mild to moderate brachial dermatochalasis through the activation of HSP47 heat shock protein and the production of type-I and type-III collagen.

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Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Las hemorragias durante el primer trimestre del embarazo son un problema que se atiende en la práctica clínica obstétrica diaria. Las conductas de atención suelen estar protocolizadas en casi todas las instituciones; sin embargo, la evidencia científica actual sugiere que algunas de esas conductas no tienen una evidencia sólida que las apoye. OBJETIVO: Revisar la bibliografía reciente y resumir las principales recomendaciones para la atención de casos de hemorragia en el primer trimestre del embarazo. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio retrospectivo basado en la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en inglés que contuvieran los términos MeSH: "First Trimester", "Hemorrhage", "Bleeding", "Ectopic Pregnancy" "Abortion", "Incomplete Abortion", "Miscarriage", "Early Pregnancy Loss", "Threatened Abortion" y "Gestational Trophoblastic Disease". Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados, estudios de casos y controles, estudios de cohorte prospectivos y retrospectivos, guías de práctica clínica, protocolos, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis incluidos en la base de datos PubMed de 2014 a 2021. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 54 artículos completos, de los que se descartaron 38 por duplicidad en la información, falta de pertinencia o no actualizados. Al final, solo se incluyeron 16 artículos para la revisión narrativa. CONCLUSIONES: Las hemorragias durante el primer trimestre, si bien son frecuentes no dejan de ser un reto diagnóstico por su amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas y causas. Siempre es necesario correlacionar la evaluación clínica completa con los hallazgos ecográficos y las concentraciones de β-hCG y descartar las causas no obstétricas del sangrado, independientemente de la sospecha diagnóstica inicial.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage in the first trimester of pregnancy is a problem seen in daily obstetric clinical practice. Care behaviors are usually protocolized in almost all institutions; however, current scientific evidence suggests that some of these behaviors do not have strong evidence to support them. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent literature and summarize the main recommendations for the care of cases of hemorrhage in the first trimester of pregnancy. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study based on a literature search of English language articles containing the MeSH terms: "First Trimester", "Hemorrhage", "Bleeding", "Ectopic Pregnancy", "Abortion", "Incomplete Abortion", "Miscarriage", "Early Pregnancy Loss", "Threatened Abortion" and "Gestational Trophoblastic Disease". Controlled clinical trials, case-control studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, clinical practice guidelines, protocols, systematic reviews and meta-analyses included in the PubMed database from 2014 to 2021 were included. RESULTS: We found 54 complete articles, of which 38 were discarded due to duplicity in information, lack of relevance or not updated. In the end, only 16 articles were included for narrative review. CONCLUSIONS: First trimester hemorrhage, although frequent, is still a diagnostic challenge due to its wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and causes. It is always necessary to correlate the complete clinical evaluation with ultrasound findings and β-hCG concentrations and to rule out nonobstetric causes of bleeding, regardless of the initial diagnostic suspicion.

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BACKGROUND: To compare the hemodynamic parameters-electrolyte concentration, D-dimer level, creatine phosphokinase level-and the incidence of early complications of simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral hip arthroscopy. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on patients (> 18 years of age) undergoing unilateral or bilateral hip arthroscopy under the same anesthetic between 2013 and 2015. Patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery. In all cases, data were collected before, during, and after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: One hundred cases of hip arthroscopy (51 unilateral and 49 bilateral) were included in this study. There was a greater variation in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the unilateral group. The sodium levels were higher in the bilateral group with an adjusted mean difference of 5.31 mmol/L (p < 0.001). During the first 24 hours after the procedure, the proportion of patients with an altered D-dimer of > 500 ng/mL was 85.7% in the bilateral group and 56.9% in the unilateral group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the groups (bilateral, 8.2%; unilateral, 9.8%; crude odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 2.92; p = 0.526). CONCLUSIONS: The variations of hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy remained within normal ranges. The findings of this study suggest that bilateral hip arthroscopy be selected according to the patient's condition, considering that the risk of complications and metabolic alterations in bilateral hip arthroplasty are similar to those in unilateral arthroscopy.

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Contexto:La consulta preanestésica es frecuentemente el momento para establecer la relación anestesiólogo-paciente. Es usual que los pacientes recuerden a su cirujano, pero no a su anestesiólogo, o la importancia que este tiene en su cuidado perioperatorio. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la percepción actual de los pacientes ambulatorios (ASA I y II) en el posoperatorio inmediato sobre la relación anestesiólogo-paciente mediante una encuesta de opinión. Diseño:Estudio descriptivo multicéntrico de corte transversal realizado en 4 instituciones de salud entre agosto de 2011 y mayo de 2012. Palabras clave: Anestesiología Periodo perioperatorio Servicios de Salud Satisfacción del paciente Anestesia Métodos:Se aplicaron 340 encuestas a sujetos adultos programados para cirugía ambulatoria, ASA I y II con Aldrette de 10 en recuperación, antes del alta. Resultados:Solo un 74,1% de las personas reconocía a su anestesiólogo como un médico especialista. El 21,2% desconocía la formación profesional real de este. El 99% de los pacientes refirió como agradable que quien realizó su valoración preoperatoria fuera el mismo que estuviera en su cirugía, pero esta situación se dio solamente en un 35% de los casos. Conclusiones: A pesar de la alta satisfacción de los pacientes ambulatorios sobre su cuidado anestésico, se requieren estrategias para fortalecer la percepción que tienen sobre nuestra especialidad. La relación anestesiólogo-paciente no debería limitarse solamente a la ejecución de la valoración preoperatoria y del procedimiento quirúrgico; adicionalmente deberían incluir espacios que poco se abordan. Es indispensable un mayor acercamiento a la comunidad para dar a conocer el papel del anestesiólogo y su contribución preponderante al cuidado y la seguridad del paciente.

Background:The preoperative visit is often the time to establish the anesthesiologist-patient relationship (APR). Frequently patients remember their surgeon but fail to remember who their anesthesiologist was and his/her key role in perioperative care. Using an opinion survey, the aim of this study was to analyze the current perception of outpatients (ASA I and II) about the APR during the immediate postoperative period. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional multicenter trial including four healthcare institutions between August 2011 and May 2012. Methods: 340 surveys were administered to ASA I and II adult subjects scheduled for outpa-tient surgery, with Aldrette recovery score of 10 prior to discharge. Results:Only 74.1% of the people acknowledged their anesthesiologist as a specialized physician. 21.2% were unaware of the professional trainingrequired to become an anesthe-siologist and 99% of the patients said that it was gratifying to have the doctor who did the preoperative evaluation in the OR; however this only occurred in 35% of the cases. Conclusions:Notwithstanding the high level of outpatient satisfaction with their anesthetic care, some strategies are required to strengthen their perception about the specialty. The APR a preoperative evaluation for the surgical procedure, but should be more comprehen-sive. There is a need to establish closer links with the community to create awareness about the role of the anesthesiologist and his/her outstanding contribution to the patient's care and safety.

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Valorar el riesgo en anestesia supone más que simplemente evaluar un paciente previamente a una cirugía y definir un plan anestésico, que se presume disminuirá la morbi-mortalidad relacionada con un acto anestésico. El papel del anestesiólogo se extiende a todo el perioperatorio y la disminución del riesgo depende de sus acciones durante todo este período y de la interrelación que se tenga con todos los otros componentes del universo operatorio. La evaluación preoperatoria implica no sólo elaborar diagnósticos, sino también poder establecer el grado de reserva funcional orgánica y definir desde el perioperatorio, aquellos aspectos del manejo anestésico fundamentales para el anestesiólogo y que representan un factor claro de riesgo, como lo es la vía aérea, y que se salen de una aproximación diagnóstica tradicional. El panorama del anestesiólogo se ha ampliado, su papel como consultante lo obliga a entender todo lo relacionado con los cambios que ocurren en el paciente y sus implicaciones en el manejo anestésico y el postoperatorio, además de la relación que debe poder establecer con el paciente y su familia y con otras especialidades médicas, en términos claros, pero científicamente fundados

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Se entrevistaron 200 pacientes que recientemente habían recibido anestesia de sala general y pensionados, en el Hospital Universitario Evaristo García de la ciudad de Cali, divididos en dos grupos de 100 pacientes cada uno. Las encuestas buscaban evaluar la actitud y el conocimiento del paciente respecto del anestesiólogo. Se confrontaron los resultados de las áreas de sala general y sala de pensionados para evaluar la inferencia de la visita pre-anestésica sobre la sensación de miedo previo al procedimiento anestésico. Sorprende que el 26.5 por ciento de los pacientes no identifican al anestesiólogo. Comparado con el cirujano tiene un porcentaje menor de identificación, 21 por ciento vs. 68.5 por ciento respectivamente. Apenas un 62 por ceinto de los pacientes son vistos en la pre-anestesia por el anestesiólogo y sólamente un 16.5 por ciento lo son en la post- anestesia. Un 14 por ciento de los pacientes se quejaron del anestesiólogo y las quejas en general son falta de relaciones interpersonales. Se recomienda hacer un breve curso de relaciones humanas aplicando a la especialidad, durante el primer semestre de la residencia universitaria para anestesiología. Durante mucho tiempo se ha dicho que el anestesiólogo ®es el héroe ignorado de sala de operaciones¼ y esto que fue cierto en el pasado, lo sigue siendo en el presente y al parecer continuará siendo en el futuro. Sin ánimo de herir susceptibilidades y únicamente con carácter de autocrítica de ver cómo era la situación en la institución en la cual se labora y con la finalidad de establecer algunas recomendaciones para mejorar las fallas, se realizó esta investigación cuyo objetivo principal es evaluar el concepto o conocimiento que el paciente tiene del anestesiólogo, el tipo de relación anestesiólogo-paciente existente en la actualidad y la importancia de la visita pre-anestésica.

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