RESUMO
Envenoming resulting from Apis honeybee stings pose a neglected public health concern, with clinical complications ranging from mild local reactions to severe systemic manifestations. This review explores the mechanisms underlying envenoming by honeybee sting, discusses diagnostic approaches, and reviews current pharmacological interventions. This section explores the diverse clinical presentations of honeybee envenoming, including allergic and non-allergic reactions, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate medical management. Mechanistic insights into the honeybee venom's impact on physiological systems, including the immune and cardiovascular systems, are provided to enhance understanding of the complexities of honeybee sting envenoming. Additionally, the article evaluates emerging diagnostic technologies and therapeutic strategies, providing a critical analysis of their potential contributions to improved patient outcomes. This article aims to provide current knowledge for healthcare professionals to effectively manage honeybee sting envenoming, thereby improving patient care and treatment outcomes.
Assuntos
Venenos de Abelha , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Abelhas/imunologia , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/imunologia , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/diagnóstico , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/terapia , Humanos , Venenos de Abelha/imunologia , Venenos de Abelha/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Crotalic envenomation is responsible for approximately 8%-13% of ophidism cases in Brazil, yet it is associated with the highest mortality among snakes. We describe the case of a patient bitten by a rattlesnake who developed ventilatory muscle paralysis within hours after envenomation. While diaphragmatic paralysis is a rare late neurotoxic event following crotalic envenomation, in this case, paralysis occurred early but was rapidly reversed after antivenom administration. This report discusses potential contributing factors based on a comprehensive literature review.
Assuntos
Paralisia Respiratória , Mordeduras de Serpentes , Animais , Humanos , Mordeduras de Serpentes/complicações , Paralisia Respiratória/complicações , Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Paralisia/etiologia , CrotalusRESUMO
ABSTRACT Crotalic envenomation is responsible for approximately 8%-13% of ophidism cases in Brazil, yet it is associated with the highest mortality among snakes. We describe the case of a patient bitten by a rattlesnake who developed ventilatory muscle paralysis within hours after envenomation. While diaphragmatic paralysis is a rare late neurotoxic event following crotalic envenomation, in this case, paralysis occurred early but was rapidly reversed after antivenom administration. This report discusses potential contributing factors based on a comprehensive literature review.
RESUMO
Introdução: Globalmente ocorre diminuição das taxas de mortalidade por doenças infecciosas e aumento das taxas de mortalidade por Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNT) e causas externas (CE). Em Vespasiano, ocorreu aumento dessa última e redução das taxas por DCNT, o que não foi observado em Belo Horizonte (BH) e no Brasil. Objetivos: Determinar e quantificar as taxas de mortalidade por CE e DCNT, em Vespasiano e cidades da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). Analisar graficamente a associação entre taxas de mortalidade, velocidade de crescimento populacional e segregação socioeconômico espacial. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com análise secundária de série histórica de óbitos (CE e DCNT) de 2000 a 2011, do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde, para 12 cidades da RMBH com população ≥ 50.000 habitantes. Resultados: Em Vespasiano ocorreu expressivo crescimento populacional (39,6%) entre 2000 e 2011. Em 2010, apresentou a maior proporção da população residindo em aglomerados subnormais ("favelas") (20,2%), muito superior à da capital (12,9%) e três vezes maior do que média para a RMBH (6,0%). Nesse período, a cidade teve a maior média das taxas de mortalidade por CE comparada à BH e Brasil (11,0; 8,7 e 7,8% respectivamente). Ao contrário do Brasil (+17,2%) e semelhante a BH (-18,3%), Vespasiano destaca-se pela tendência de queda das DCNT (-36,4%). Em 2011, alcançou a menor taxa de mortalidade por DCNT da RMBH. Conclusão: Em Vespasiano, no período estudado, ocorreu expressivo crescimento populacional e importante proporção da população residia em aglomerados subnormais. Nesse mesmo período, as taxas de mortalidade por causas externas mantiveram consistente aumento.
Introduction: Worldwide there are decreasing mortality rates from infectious diseases and increasing rates due to noncomunicable diseases (NCDs) and External Causes (EC). In Vespasiano there was an increase in the EC mortality rates and declining rates due to NCDs, what was not observed in Belo Horizonte (BH) and in the country as a whole. Objectives: to determine and quantify the mortality rates due to EC and NCDs, in Vespasiano and other cities from Belo Horizonte Metropolitan Area (BHMA). To graphically analyze the association between mortality rates, population growth and economic and spatial segregation. Methods: Ecological study based on secondary data analysis of cause of deaths due to EC and NCDs from 2000 to 2011 from National Health Database System, Brazillian Health Department. Twelve cities from BHMA with population of 50,000 or greater were included. Results: In Vespasiano there was an expressive population growth (39.6%), between 2000 and 2011. In 2010 it had the higher population proportion living in subnormal agglomerates ("favelas") (20.2%), much higher than the State's capital (12.9%) and the BHMA average (6.0%). During this period the city had higher mortality rates due to CE compared to BH and Brazil (11.0; 8.7 and 7.8% respectively). Differently from Brazil (+17.2%) and similar to BH (-18.3%), Vespasiano is remarkable by its diminushing trend of NCDs (-36.4%). In 2011, the city reached the lowest mortality rate due to NCDs among BHMA cities. Conclusion: In Vespasiano, during the studied period, the city presented an expressive population growth and an important proportion of its citizens living in subnormal agglomerates. During the same period, mortality rates due external causes increased steadly.