RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of physical inactivity in leisure and school time with common mental disorders during adolescence. METHODS: The sample consisted of 73,399 adolescents (12-17 years old), participants in the Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica - Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents). This cross-sectional, national and school-based study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Brazilian municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Leisure time physical activity was categorized according to weekly practice volume, and adolescents were classified as active (≥ 300 minutes/week), inactive (0 minute/week) and insufficiently active (1-299 minutes/week). Sports practice and participation in physical education classes at school were also analyzed. The presence of common mental disorders was assessed based on the general health questionnaire, with a cutoff point greater than or equal to 3. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The chance of common mental disorders was 16% higher in the group that reported being inactive (0 minute/week) at leisure time (OR = 1.16; 95%CI 1.06 (1.27). The prevalence of common mental disorders was higher among young people who did not practice sports (37.2% vs. 25.9%; OR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.04-1.25) and did not participate in physical education classes at school (39.5% vs. 29.6%; OR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.15-1.36). Insufficient physical activity (1-299 minutes/week) did not increase the OR of common mental disorders. Practicing physical activity during leisure time, regardless of duration and weekly frequency, reduced the chances of common mental disorders in this population by 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity during leisure and school time is associated with the presence of common mental disorders in adolescence. The results suggest that sports practice, school physical education and physical activity during leisure time, even without reaching the current recommendation, are related to the mental health of young people.

Assuntos

Atividades de Lazer , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of physical inactivity in leisure and school time with common mental disorders during adolescence. METHODS: The sample consisted of 73,399 adolescents (12-17 years old), participants in the Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica — Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents). This cross-sectional, national and school-based study was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Brazilian municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Leisure time physical activity was categorized according to weekly practice volume, and adolescents were classified as active (≥ 300 minutes/week), inactive (0 minute/week) and insufficiently active (1-299 minutes/week). Sports practice and participation in physical education classes at school were also analyzed. The presence of common mental disorders was assessed based on the general health questionnaire, with a cutoff point greater than or equal to 3. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The chance of common mental disorders was 16% higher in the group that reported being inactive (0 minute/week) at leisure time (OR = 1.16; 95%CI 1.06 (1.27). The prevalence of common mental disorders was higher among young people who did not practice sports (37.2% vs. 25.9%; OR = 1.14; 95%CI 1.04-1.25) and did not participate in physical education classes at school (39.5% vs. 29.6%; OR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.15-1.36). Insufficient physical activity (1-299 minutes/week) did not increase the OR of common mental disorders. Practicing physical activity during leisure time, regardless of duration and weekly frequency, reduced the chances of common mental disorders in this population by 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity during leisure and school time is associated with the presence of common mental disorders in adolescence. The results suggest that sports practice, school physical education and physical activity during leisure time, even without reaching the current recommendation, are related to the mental health of young people.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: Investigar a associação da inatividade física no lazer e na escola com os transtornos mentais comuns durante a adolescência. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 73.399 adolescentes (12-17 anos), participantes do Estudo de Riscos Cardiovasculares em Adolescentes (Erica). Esse estudo transversal, nacional e de base escolar foi realizado em 2013 e 2014, nos municípios brasileiros com mais de 100 mil habitantes. A atividade física no lazer foi categorizada de acordo com o volume de prática semanal, e os adolescentes foram classificados em ativos (≥ 300 minutos/semana), inativos (0 minuto/semana) e insuficientemente ativos (1-299 minutos/semana). A prática esportiva e a participação em aulas de educação física na escola também foram analisadas. A presença de transtornos mentais comuns foi avaliada a partir do general health questionnaire, com ponto de corte maior ou igual a 3. Odds ratios (OR) foram estimados utilizando regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: A chance de transtornos mentais comuns foi 16% maior no grupo que relatou ser inativo (0 minuto/semana) no lazer (OR = 1,16; IC95% 1,06-1,27). A prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns foi maior entre jovens que não praticaram esportes (37,2% vs. 25,9%; OR = 1,14; IC95% 1,04-1,25) e não participaram das aulas de educação física na escola (39,5% vs. 29,6%; OR = 1,25; IC95% 1,15-1,36). Atividade física insuficiente (1-299 minutos/semana) não aumentou a razão de chances de transtornos mentais comuns. Praticar atividade física no lazer, independentemente da duração e frequência semanal, reduziu em 26% as chances de transtornos mentais comuns nessa população. CONCLUSÕES: A inatividade física no lazer e na escola foi associada à presença de transtornos mentais comuns na adolescência. Os resultados sugerem que prática esportiva, educação física escolar e atividade física durante o lazer, mesmo sem atingir a recomendação atual, têm relação com a saúde mental dos jovens.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Sedentário , Atividades de Lazer , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais

RESUMO

Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are directly related to the severity of atherosclerosis, even in children and adolescents. In this context accurate assessment of risk factors at the individual level play a decisive role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the frequency of their coexistence in individuals, and identify possible determinants associated with this coexistence in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study with 1170 students (12-17 years) from public and private schools of a large city was conducted. In addition to family history, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were assessed including: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure (office and home). We built a linear regression model to identify determinants associated with increasing number of modifiable risk factors. Mean study population age was 14.7±1.6 years, 67% were enrolled in public schools and 33% in private ones. The majority of the adolescents had at least two risk factors (68.9%), more than 10% had more than 4 risk factors, and in only 6.7% of the sample no risk factor was identified. Family history of CVD (ß-coefficient = 1.20; 95%CI 1.07-1.34; p<0.001), increasing age (ß-coefficient = 0.08; 95%CI 0.04-0.11; p<0.001), and being enrolled in private schools (ß-coefficient = 0.16; 95%CI 0.02-0.30; p = 0.023) were directly associated with the modifiable CV risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors was high in the population of adolescents studied. School based interventions should be addressed to change this scenario.

Assuntos

Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Population-based studies estimating prevalence's of white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension in non-European adolescents are needed, particularly in developing countries. Aiming to determine these estimates and, additionally identify factors associated to these conditions this study was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a representative sample of secondary school students from a Brazilian state capital. Office measurements were performed with validated semi-automatic devices. Home BP (blood pressure) monitoring protocol included two day-time and two evening-time measurements over 6 days. Adolescents' were classified as: normotensives (office and home BP <95th percentile); sustained hypertensives (office and home BP ≥95th percentile); white-coat hypertensives (office BP ≥95th percentile and home BP <95th percentile) and masked hypertensives (office BP <95th percentile and home BP ≥95th percentile). Logistic regression models were built to identify if sex, age, BMI and family history of HTN were independently associated with white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension. RESULTS: In a sample of 1024 adolescents, prevalence of white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension was 7.5%, 2.2% and 1.7%, respectively. Male sex was positively associated with white-coat hypertension (OR 2.68; 95%CI 1.58-4.54; p < 0.001). BMI was positively associated with both white-coat (OR 1.23; 95%CI 1.16-1.30; p < 0.001) and sustained hypertension (OR 1.19; 95%CI 1.11-1.29; p < 0.001). None of the independent variables were associated with masked hypertension in this population. CONCLUSION: The estimated prevalence of white-coat hypertension, masked and sustained hypertension in a population of non-European adolescents assessed by home BP monitoring was 7.5%, 2.2% and 1.7% respectively. Male sex was positively associated with white-coat hypertension in these adolescents while BMI was positively associated with both white-coat and sustained hypertension.

Assuntos

Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Hipertensão do Jaleco Branco/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/etiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Hipertensão do Jaleco Branco/etiologia

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Regional differences of using home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) as an alternative to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive adolescents are unknown. Objectives: Define if HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian capital with elevated office blood pressure (BP). Methods: Adolescents (12-18years) from public and private schools with BP > 90th percentile were studied to compare and evaluate the agreement among office BP measurements, HBPM and ambulatory BP monitoring. Office BP measurements, HBPM and ABPM were performed according to guidelines recommendations. Semi-automatic devices were used for BP measurements. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: We included 133 predominantly males (63.2%) adolescents with a mean age of 15±1.6 years. HBPM systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure mean values were similar to the daytime ABPM values (120.3 ± 12.6 mmHg x 121.5 ± 9.8 mmHg - p = 0.111 and 69.4 ± 7.7 mmHg x 70.2 ± 6.6 mmHg - p = 0.139) and lower than the office measurement values (127.3 ± 13.8 mmHg over 74.4 ± 9.5 mmHg - p < 0,001). The Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between HBPM and ABPM. Conclusions: HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital with elevated office BP and can be used as an alternative to ABPM.

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Resumo Fundamentos: São desconhecidas as diferenças regionais na utilização da monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA) como alternativa à monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) em adolescentes hipertensos. Objetivos: Definir se MRPA é uma opção para confirmar diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes de uma capital brasileira com pressão arterial (PA) elevada. Métodos: Adolescentes (12-18 anos) de escolas públicas e privadas com percentil de PA > 90 foram estudados para comparar e avaliar a concordância entre as medidas de PA, MRPA e MAPA. As medidas de PA de consultório, MRPA e MAPA foram realizadas de acordo com as recomendações das diretrizes. Foram utilizados dispositivos semiautomáticos para medições de PA. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 133 adolescentes predominantemente do sexo masculino (63,2%) com idade média de 15 ± 1,6 anos. Os valores médios da pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica da MRPA foram semelhantes aos valores de MAPA diurnos (120,3 ± 12,6 mmHg x 121,5 ± 9,8 mmHg - p = 0,111 e 69,4 ± 7,7 mmHg x 70,2 ± 6,6 mmHg - p = 0,139) e inferiores aos valores de consultório (127,3 ± 13,8 mmHg por 74,4 ± 9,5 mmHg - p < 0,001). Os gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram boa concordância entre MRPA e MAPA. Conclusões: MRPA é uma opção para confirmar diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial em adolescentes de uma capital brasileira com PA de consultório elevada e pode ser usada como alternativa à MAPA.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Brasil , Estudos Transversais

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight in adolescents and its associated factors. METHODS:: A cross-sectional study in public and private schools in Goiania, Brazil. Socioeconomic status, family history of obesity, lifestyle, blood pressure and Body Mass Index were studied in a sample of 1,169 Brazilian youth aged 12 - 18 years, who attended public and private schools. Data were obtained from a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements previously tested in a pilot study. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight, prevalence ratios and associations with the other factors. RESULTS:: The prevalence of overweight was 21.2%, with a significant difference between boys and girls (26.3 and 16.8% respectively). Regression analysis showed that maternal obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight in boys (PR = 1.86; p = 0.004), and boys aged 15 - 18 years had a lower prevalence of overweight than boys aged 12 - 14 years (PR = 0.70; p = 0.021). Among the girls, the presence of obese parents was associated with higher prevalence of overweight (PR = 2.42; p < 0.001), and the girls from a C class socioeconomic position were negatively associated with overweight (PR = 0.67; p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS:: Overweight in adolescence is associated with gender, obesity family history, and socioeconomic position. These data should be considered when planning intervention programs.

Assuntos

Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Saúde da População Urbana

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Regional differences of using home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) as an alternative to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in hypertensive adolescents are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Define if HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian capital with elevated office blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Adolescents (12-18years) from public and private schools with BP > 90th percentile were studied to compare and evaluate the agreement among office BP measurements, HBPM and ambulatory BP monitoring. Office BP measurements, HBPM and ABPM were performed according to guidelines recommendations. Semi-automatic devices were used for BP measurements. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: We included 133 predominantly males (63.2%) adolescents with a mean age of 15±1.6 years. HBPM systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure mean values were similar to the daytime ABPM values (120.3 ± 12.6 mmHg x 121.5 ± 9.8 mmHg - p = 0.111 and 69.4 ± 7.7 mmHg x 70.2 ± 6.6 mmHg - p = 0.139) and lower than the office measurement values (127.3 ± 13.8 mmHg over 74.4 ± 9.5 mmHg - p < 0,001). The Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between HBPM and ABPM. CONCLUSIONS: HBPM is an option to confirm diagnoses of hypertension in adolescents from a Brazilian state capital with elevated office BP and can be used as an alternative to ABPM.

Assuntos

Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino

RESUMO

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de excesso de peso (EP) e fatores associados em adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em escolas públicas e privadas de Goiânia (GO). Foram analisados adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos (n = 1.169) por meio de questionário padronizado. A prevalência de EP foi avaliada pelas curvas de crescimento da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) por idade. As associações entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, de antecedentes familiares de obesidade, de estilo de vida e de pressão arterial com o EP foram analisadas por intermédio da razão de prevalência bruta e ajustada por meio da regressão múltipla de Poisson. Resultados: A prevalência de EP foi de 21,2%, sendo 14,1% de sobrepeso e 7,1% de obesidade, com diferenças significativas entre gêneros (26,3% dos rapazes versus 16,8% das moças). Na análise de Poisson, a obesidade materna (RP = 1,86; p = 0,004) foi associada com a maior prevalência de EP no sexo masculino, e aqueles com idade entre 15 e 18 anos tiveram menor prevalência de EP quando comparados àqueles com idade entre 12 e 14 anos (RP = 0,70; p = 0,021). No sexo feminino, a presença de pais obesos (RP = 2,42; p < 0,001) associou-se a maior prevalência de EP, e as moças pertencentes à classe C tiveram menor prevalência de EP (RP = 0,67; p = 0,035). Conclusões: O EP em adolescentes esteve associado ao gênero, à obesidade familiar, e a melhor classificação socioeconômica - fatores que devem ser o foco do planejamento de intervenções específicas na promoção da saúde.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight in adolescents and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study in public and private schools in Goiania, Brazil. Socioeconomic status, family history of obesity, lifestyle, blood pressure and Body Mass Index were studied in a sample of 1,169 Brazilian youth aged 12 - 18 years, who attended public and private schools. Data were obtained from a questionnaire and anthropometric measurements previously tested in a pilot study. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence of overweight, prevalence ratios and associations with the other factors. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 21.2%, with a significant difference between boys and girls (26.3 and 16.8% respectively). Regression analysis showed that maternal obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight in boys (PR = 1.86; p = 0.004), and boys aged 15 - 18 years had a lower prevalence of overweight than boys aged 12 - 14 years (PR = 0.70; p = 0.021). Among the girls, the presence of obese parents was associated with higher prevalence of overweight (PR = 2.42; p < 0.001), and the girls from a C class socioeconomic position were negatively associated with overweight (PR = 0.67; p = 0.035). Conclusions: Overweight in adolescence is associated with gender, obesity family history, and socioeconomic position. These data should be considered when planning intervention programs.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Compare multiple in office BP measurements in adolescents using an oscillometric device with out-of-office blood pressure measurements (home blood pressure monitoring - HBPM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Office measurements were performed with validated semi-automatic devices twice (3 minutes interval) in two different moments (1 week apart), with a total of four readings. These BP readings were named R1, R2, R3 and R4 (following the sequence they were performed), FDM (mean of two readings on first day) and SDM (mean of two readings on second day) and SRM (R2-R4 means). The HBPM protocol included two day-time and two evening-time measurements over 6 days. RESULTS: A total of 1024 students between 12 and 17 years were included (mean age 14.68 years; 52.4% females). The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) values of R2, SDM and SRM were similar to HBPM values. Regarding diastolic blood pressure (DBP) HBPM value was different than R4. High SBP and DBP correlation coefficients with HBPM values were found for R2, SDM and SRM values. CONCLUSION: The second office BP measurement performed with an oscilometric device in adolescents was comparable to HBPM values, suggesting that two office readings might be suitable to rule out hypertension in this age group.

Assuntos

Determinação da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Pressão Sanguínea , Oscilometria/métodos , Adolescente , Determinação da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/instrumentação , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial/métodos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Oscilometria/instrumentação

RESUMO

Water aerobics exercise is widely recommended for elderly people. However, little is known about the acute effects on hemodynamic variables. Thus, we assessed the effects of a water aerobic session on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women. Fifty hypertensive elderly women aged 67.8 ± 4.1 years, 1.5 ± 0.6 m high and BMI 28.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, participated in a crossover clinical trial. The experiment consisted of a 45-minute water aerobics session (70%-75% HRmax adjusted for the aquatic environment) (ES) and a control session (no exercise for 45 minutes) (CS). Heart rate was monitored using a heart rate monitor and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) measurements were taken using a semi-automatic monitor before and immediately after the sessions, and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes thereafter. It was using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) with Bonferroni's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). At the end of the experimental session, ES showed a rise in SBP of 17.4 mmHg (14.3%, p < 0.001) and DBP of 5.4 mmHg (7.8%, p < 0.001) compared to CS. At 10 minutes after exercise, BP declined in ES by a greater magnitude than in CS (SBP 7.5 mmHg, 6.2%, p = 0.005 and DBP 3.8 mmHg, 5.5%, p = 0.013). At 20 minutes after exercise and thereafter, SBP and DBP were similar in both ES and CS. In conclusion, BP returned to control levels within 10-20 minutes remaining unchanged until 30 minutes after exercise, and post-exercise hypotension was not observed. Besides, BP changed after exercise was a safe rise of small magnitude for hypertensive people.

Assuntos

Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Cross-Over , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Treinamento Resistido , Água

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a transition stage between childhood and adulthood and is an important phase for the acquisition of future lifestyles, including the practice of physical activity (PA). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in adolescents is often high, creating the need for studies addressing the practice of PA and its associated factors for a better understanding of the phenomenon and possible interventions that would encourage positive changes. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample of students aged 14-18 years enrolled in both public and private schools of a large Brazilian city to determine the level of physical activity (PA) and its associated factors. Sedentary lifestyle was measured by applying the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The independent variables were gender, age, race, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the past 30 days, socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure. The crude prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association and was estimated from a Poisson regression. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 862 adolescents with a mean age of 15.4 ± 1.1 years. Females were predominant (52.8%), and the age between 14 and 15 years was the most frequent (52.2%). The majority of the group reported themselves as Caucasians (51.2%), belonging to socioeconomic class C (52.5%) and were attending to public schools (69.1%). The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was 66.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.5-69.9), where values of 65.4% and 69.9% were observed among students from public and private schools, respectively (p = 0.196). Sedentary lifestyle was more frequent in females (78.0% vs 54.3%; p < 0.001). The factor directly associated with sedentary lifestyle was female gender both in public and private schools and the only independent variable related to sedentarism was also female gender. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle was extremely high in the population of adolescents studied both in public and private schools. Female sex was directly associated with sedentary lifestyle.

Assuntos

Instituições Acadêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Sedentário , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Pressão Sanguínea , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Distribuição de Poisson , Prevalência , Análise de Regressão , Distribuição por Sexo , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Circunferência da Cintura

RESUMO

Abstract Background: Blood pressure is directly related to body mass index, and individuals with increased waist circumference have higher risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, and other metabolic changes, since adolescence. Objective: to evaluate the correlation of blood pressure with insulin resistance, waist circumference and body mass index in adolescents. Methods: Cross-section study on a representative sample of adolescent students. One group of adolescents with altered blood pressure detected by casual blood pressure and/or home blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure > 90th percentile) and one group of normotensive adolescents were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference were measured, and fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined, using the HOMA-IR index to identify insulin resistance. Results: A total of 162 adolescents (35 with normal blood pressure and 127 with altered blood pressure) were studied; 61% (n = 99) of them were boys and the mean age was 14.9 ± 1.62 years. Thirty-eight (23.5%) adolescents had altered HOMA-IR. The group with altered blood pressure had higher values of waist circumference, body mass index and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Waist circumference was higher among boys in both groups (p<0.05) and girls with altered blood pressure had higher HOMA-IR than boys (p<0.05). There was a significant moderate correlation between body mass index and HOMA-IR in the group with altered blood pressure (ρ = 0.394; p < 0.001), and such correlation was stronger than in the normotensive group. There was also a significant moderate correlation between waist circumference and HOMA-IR in both groups (ρ = 0.345; p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that HOMA-IR was as predictor of altered blood pressure (odds ratio - OR = 2.0; p = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant association of insulin resistance with blood pressure and the impact of insulin resistance on blood pressure since childhood. The correlation and association between markers of cardiovascular diseases was more pronounced in adolescents with altered blood pressure, suggesting that primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors should be early implemented in childhood and adolescence.

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Resumo Fundamentos: A pressão arterial (PA) está diretamente relacionada com o índice de massa corporal (IMC), e indivíduos com circunferência da cintura (CC) aumentada apresentam risco maior de desenvolver hipertensão arterial e resistência à insulina, além de outras alterações metabólicas, desde a adolescência. Objetivos: Avaliar a correlação entre resistência à insulina, CC e IMC com PA de adolescentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra representativa de adolescentes escolares. Foram avaliados um grupo com PA alterada pela medida casual e/ou medida residencial da PA (percentil de PA > 90) e outro com PA normal. Foram também avaliados IMC e CC. Glicemia de jejum e insulina plasmática foram dosados utilizando o índice de HOMA-IR para resistência à insulina. Resultados: Foram estudados 162 adolescentes (35 no Grupo PA normal e 127 no Grupo PA alterada); 61,1% (n = 99) deles eram meninos, e a idade média foi 14,9 ± 1,62 anos. Foram observados 38 adolescentes (23,5%) com HOMA-IR alterado. Os adolescentes com PA alterada apresentaram valores maiores de CC, IMC e HOMA-IR (p < 0,05). A CC foi superior nos meninos dos dois grupos (p < 0,05) e só no Grupo PA alterada foram observados valores de HOMA-IR superiores entre meninas (p < 0,05). A correlação entre IMC e HOMA-IR no Grupo PA alterada foi moderada e significativa (ρ = 0,394; p < 0,001) e superior ao encontrado no Grupo PA normal. A correlação entre CC e HOMA-IR também foi significativa, moderada e semelhante em ambos os grupos (ρ = 0,345; p = < 0,05). Pela regressão logística, HOMA-IR foi preditor de alteração da PA (odds ratio - OR = 2,0; p = 0,001). Conclusões: Houve associação significativa entre resistência à insulina e PA com impacto desde a infância. A correlação e a associação entre os marcadores de risco cardiovasculares mais forte no Grupo PA alterada sugere que medidas de prevenção primária desses fatores de risco devem ser implementadas precocemente.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Glicemia/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/sangue

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure is directly related to body mass index, and individuals with increased waist circumference have higher risk of developing hypertension, insulin resistance, and other metabolic changes, since adolescence. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the correlation of blood pressure with insulin resistance, waist circumference and body mass index in adolescents. METHODS: Cross-section study on a representative sample of adolescent students. One group of adolescents with altered blood pressure detected by casual blood pressure and/or home blood pressure monitoring (blood pressure > 90th percentile) and one group of normotensive adolescents were studied. Body mass index, waist circumference were measured, and fasting glucose and plasma insulin levels were determined, using the HOMA-IR index to identify insulin resistance. RESULTS: A total of 162 adolescents (35 with normal blood pressure and 127 with altered blood pressure) were studied; 61% (n = 99) of them were boys and the mean age was 14.9 ± 1.62 years. Thirty-eight (23.5%) adolescents had altered HOMA-IR. The group with altered blood pressure had higher values of waist circumference, body mass index and HOMA-IR (p<0.05). Waist circumference was higher among boys in both groups (p<0.05) and girls with altered blood pressure had higher HOMA-IR than boys (p<0.05). There was a significant moderate correlation between body mass index and HOMA-IR in the group with altered blood pressure (ρ = 0.394; p < 0.001), and such correlation was stronger than in the normotensive group. There was also a significant moderate correlation between waist circumference and HOMA-IR in both groups (ρ = 0.345; p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that HOMA-IR was as predictor of altered blood pressure (odds ratio - OR = 2.0; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was a significant association of insulin resistance with blood pressure and the impact of insulin resistance on blood pressure since childhood. The correlation and association between markers of cardiovascular diseases was more pronounced in adolescents with altered blood pressure, suggesting that primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular risk factors should be early implemented in childhood and adolescence.

Assuntos

Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/sangue , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Insulina/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the presence and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors in young people may significantly contribute to actions to modify the natural history of these risks and prevent the onset of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the presence and evolution of cardiovascular risk factors in health professionals over a 20-year period. METHODS: A group of individuals was evaluated when they first started graduate programs in medicine, nursing, nutrition, dentistry, and pharmacy, and 20 years later. Data obtained in the two phases were compared. Questionnaires about hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, family history of early-onset cardiovascular disease, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary lifestyle were administered. Cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. RESULTS: Of the 281 individuals (62.9 % women; mean age 19.7 years) initially analyzed, 215 (59.07 % women; mean age 39.8 years) were analyzed 20 years later. An increase in mean values of systolic (111.6 vs 118.7 mmHg- p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (71 vs 77.1 mmHg - p < 0.001), cholesterol (150.1 vs 182.4 mg/dL - p < 0.001), blood glucose (74.3 vs 81.4 mg/dL - p < 0.001) and BMI (20.7 vs 23.7 kg/m(2) - p = 0.017) was observed. Despite the decrease of sedentarism (50.2 vs 38.1 % - p = 0.015), the prevalence of hypertension (4.6 vs 18.6 % - p < 0.001), excessive weight (8.2 vs 32.1 % - p < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (7.8 vs 24.2 % - p < 0.001), and alcohol consumption (32.7 vs 34.9 % - p = 0.037) increased. There was no change in the prevalence of smoking. CONCLUSION: Health professionals presented an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, body mass index, and cholesterol over the 20-year study period. Regarding the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, increased blood pressure, overweight, hypercholesterolemia and alcohol consumption, and a decrease in sedentary lifestyle were observed.

Assuntos

Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Pessoal de Saúde , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde/educação , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO: Pacientes hipertensos podem apresentar comprometimento da qualidade de vida (QV) e da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS), tanto pela hipertensão arterial (HA), quanto pelos eventuais efeitos adversos do tratamento. Exercícios físicos, aeróbios e resistidos, melhoram a performance cardiorrespiratória e neuromuscular, mas há poucas evidências sobre seus efeitos na QV, QVRS e capacidade funcional (CF) em mulheres hipertensas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e comparar os efeitos dos treinamentos aeróbio e resistido sobre a QV, QVRS e a capacidade funcional em hipertensas. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico randomizado, cego, com total de 18 sessões de exercícios. Foram incluídas mulheres hipertensas sob tratamento medicamentoso, não participantes de programas de exercícios, com 50 anos de idade ou mais, que não apresentaram arritmias e/ou alterações isquêmicas em teste ergométrico (protocolo de Bruce). A amostra foi randomizada como segue: grupo aeróbio (GA) (n = 21) e grupo resistido (GR) (n = 20). Intensidade GA: leve a moderada (Escala de Borg adaptada); GR: até 50-65% de 1 RM. Duas séries com 12 a 15 repetições. Antes e após a intervenção foram aplicados os questionários WHOQOL-bref (QV) e SF-36 (QVRS) e realizado o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6`) para avaliar a CF. Estatística: testes Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Nível de significância: p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos eram inicialmente homogêneos nos aspectos clínicos, antropométricos, funcionais e sociodemográficos (p > 0,05). Após a intervenção houve melhora significativa em todos os domínios do WHOQOL-bref no GA e no GR houve melhora no domínio aspectos físicos. No SF-36, constatou-se melhora significativa ...

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INTRODUCTION: Hypertensive patients may have compromised quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) because of arterial hypertension (AH) and for possible adverse effects of treatment. Physical, aerobic and resistance exercises, improve cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular performance, but there is little evidence about their effects on QoL, HRQoL and functional capacity (FC) in hypertensive women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training on QoL, HRQoL and functional capacity in hypertensive. METHODS: A randomized, blinded clinical trial, with a total of 18 exercise sessions. Hypertensive women receiving drug treatment, non participant in exercise programs, with 50 years of age or more, which did not show arrhythmias and/or ischemic changes on ergometric testing (Bruce protocol) were included. The sample was randomized as follows: aerobic group (AG) (n=21) and resistance group (RG) (n=20). AG intensity: mild to moderate (Borg Scale adapted); RG: up to 50-65% of 1 MR. Two series of 12 to 15 repetitions. Before and after the intervention the WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36 (HEQOL) questionnaires were applied and the 6-minute walk test (6`MWT) was performed to evaluate the FC. Statistics: Shapiro-Wilk, Student t, Fisher, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Level of significance: p<0.05. RESULTS: The groups were initially homogeneous in clinical, anthropometric, sociodemographic and functional aspects (p>0.05). After the intervention, there was significant improvement in all domains of WHOQOL-bref in AG, and in RG an improvement of the physical domain was found. In the SF-36, there was significant improvement in seven of eight domains in both AG and RG. Functional capacity: improvement was found in both groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The two types of training improved QoL and functional capacity, and depending on the objectives established, both can be effective. .

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Los pacientes hipertensos pueden presentar limitaciones en la calidad de vida (QV) y en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (QVRS), tanto por la hipertensión arterial (HA), como por los eventuales efectos adversos del tratamiento. Los ejercicios físicos, aeróbicos y resistidos mejoran el desempeño cardiorrespiratorio y neuromuscular, pero hay pocas evidencias sobre sus efectos en la QV, QVRS y capacidad funcional (CF) en mujeres hipertensas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar y comparar los efectos de los entrenamientos aeróbico y resistido sobre la QV, QVRS y la capacidad funcional en hipertensas. MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado, ciego, con total de 18 sesiones de ejercicios. Fueron incluidas mujeres hipertensas bajo tratamiento medicamentoso, no participantes en programas de ejercicios, con 50 años de edad o más, que no presentaron arritmias y/o alteraciones isquémicas en test ergométrico (protocolo de Bruce). La muestra fue aleatorizada como sigue: grupo aeróbico (GA) (n = 21) y grupo resistido (GR) (n = 20). Intensidad GA: liviana a moderada (Escala de Borg adaptada); GR: hasta 50-65% de 1 RM. Dos series con 12 a 15 repeticiones. Antes y después de la intervención fueron aplicados los cuestionarios WHOQOL-bref (QV) y SF-36 (QVRS) y realizado el test de caminata de 6 minutos (TC6`) para evaluar la CF. Estadística: tests Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Fisher, U de Mann-Whitney y Wilcoxon. Nivel de significancia: p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Los grupos eran inicialmente homogéneos en los aspectos clínicos, antropométricos, funcionales y sociodemográficos (p > 0,05). Después de la intervención hubo mejora significativa en todos los dominios de WHOQOL-bref en el GA y en el GR hubo mejora en el dominio aspectos físicos. En el SF-36, se constató mejora significativa en siete de ocho dominios tanto en el ...