RESUMO
To increase strength and lean body mass, protein has become one of the most popular supplements among athletes. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of protein supplementation on body composition. A systematic review of the randomized controlled trials (RCT), published in MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO up to April 10, 2009, was conducted. All RCT conducted in healthy subjects with interventions of six or more weeks were included. Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and three of them had level 3 of evidence. Among these studies, the increase of lean mass ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 kg. However, the study with the longest term had duration of 12 weeks. Therefore, the evidence does not support the recommendation for the consumption of protein supplements among healthy individuals.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Suplementos Nutricionais , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased to epidemic levels. Several authors have suggested that school is the best place for effective prevention programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of randomized controlled trials concerning long-term (equal to or more than 9 months) observations at schools and published in the database of MEDLINE/Pubmed from January 1st of 2006 to February 28 of 2009. Ten studies were analyzed. Overall, regarding the design, the intervention components, target population age, intervention periods, educational techniques, cultural characteristics of the population, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. The results were modest. The outcomes showed a positive impact on lifestyle as intakes of fruits and vegetables increased, consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages decreased, and sedentary behaviors and adiposity were reduced. Generally, there were no significant reductions for BMI. These results warrant more strategies to achieve parental involvement, reduction of dropouts, and additional studies assessing different educational systems and cultural environments, including those in Latin America. Longer follow-up periods are also required.
Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Obesidade/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños ha incrementado a niveles epidémicos. Diferentes autores sugieren que la escuela puede ser el espacio más apropiado para realizar programas efectivos de prevención. El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue valorar la evidencia de estudios aleatorios controlados con un periodo de intervención a largo plazo (igual o mayor a 9 meses) en escuelas y publicados en la base de datos de MEDLINE/PubMed del 1º de enero de 2006 hasta el 28 de febrero de 2009. Se analizaron en total 10 artículos. En general, se puede observar una heterogeneidad en el diseño y los componentes de la intervención, la edad del grupo objetivo, el tiempo de intervención, el sistema educativo, las características culturales de la población y los resultados. Estos últimos son modestos. Los resultados indican un cambio positivo en el estilo de vida, incremento en el consumo de frutas y verduras, menor consumo de bebidas carbonatadas y azucaradas, reducción del comportamiento sedentario y reducción en adiposidad. En general no hubo reducción significativa del IMC. Los resultados demandan estrategias para lograr mayor compromiso de los padres y adherencia a los programas, así como más estudios en diferentes sistemas educativos y ambientes culturales, incluyendo los de Latinoamérica. Además se requieren seguimientos a más largo plazo.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children has increased to epidemic levels. Several authors have suggested that school is the best place for effective prevention programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the evidence of randomized controlled trials concerning long-term (equal to or more than 9 months) observations at schools and published in the database of MEDLINE/Pubmed from January 1st of 2006 to February 28 of 2009. Ten studies were analyzed. Overall, regarding the design, the intervention components, target population age, intervention periods, educational techniques, cultural characteristics of the population, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. The results were modest. The outcomes showed a positive impact on lifestyle as intakes of fruits and vegetables increased, consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages decreased, and sedentary behaviors and adiposity were reduced. Generally, there were no significant reductions for BMI. These results warrant more strategies to achieve parental involvement, reduction of dropouts, and additional studies assessing different educational systems and cultural environments, including those in Latin America. Longer follow-up periods are also required.