RESUMO
School coexistence processes are mediated by conflict situations that are often not adequately, immediately and comprehensively resolved by schools, giving rise to violence. School violence has become a matter of global priority not only at the school or family level, but also socially due to its magnitude and scope. In the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), reported in 2018 that 23% of students in Mexico had suffered bullying at least once a month, these data are worrying as they reveal high rate of violence. Considering the increase of violence in Mexican educational institutions, we wonder if students' awareness in the use of communication to resolve disagreements would be achieved after participating in a conflict prevention project applying restorative practices. The objective of this study was to test whether students acquired greater emotional self-regulation, self-determination, and peaceful strategies to resolve conflicts after participating in a project centred on the restorative paradigm. A total of 336 students from an elementary school and a high school located in Mexico participated in this study. An ad hoc questionnaire was administered to the students by a restorative justice specialist in the middle of the school year. Statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V. 25. The results obtained showed that, after the implementation of this program for five months, students in both schools showed greater emotional self-regulation and self-determination. In conclusion, providing students with restorative strategies to resolve disputes favoured the use of peaceful conflict resolution strategies.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to examine the mediating role that organizational dehumanization plays between authentic leadership and job satisfaction. The study was carried out with a sample of 422 participants, 50.7% were men and 49.3% women, with an average age of 38.96 years. The workers belong to different public and private organizations in Chile, and they responded to instruments of sociodemographic characterization, employment history and the scales of organizational dehumanization, authentic leadership, and job satisfaction. Data analysis included descriptive, correlational, and mediation analyses. The results allow us to maintain the hypothesis that organizational dehumanization plays a mediator role in the relationship between authentic leadership and job satisfaction. Implications of these findings are discussed.
RESUMO
The aim of this study is to examine whether gender and status moderate the teacher-student relationship (TSR) and the perception of dehumanization in teachers and students. A total of 528 participants from a university in Laguna (74% students and 26% professors) completed a questionnaire based on the TSR scale, organizational dehumanization, and demographic variables. PROCESS, a mediation and moderation package, was used to analyze data. The results indicated that ingroup-outgroup relationship significantly influences the perception of organizational dehumanization (p < 0.001). In addition, gender (p < 0.001) and status (p < 0.001) have moderating roles. Specifically, female students are at most risk of perceiving themselves dehumanized, and males with high status (teachers) are less vulnerable to dehumanization. These findings are highly significant for the advancement of knowledge of the intergroup relationship and organizational dehumanization and have practical implications for teachers and students.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity in in young people especially in children and adolescents is considered as public health problem in the world. Obesity could be the most important cause of insulin resistance. For this reason obese children and adolescents become in a risky group for developing metabolic syndrome (MS). In Ecuador is shocking the low following that is given to the diagnosis of MS for predicting the risk of cardio and cerebral vascular disease and diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in a sample of students from the "Universidad Central del Ecuador" (UCE) in Quito. METHODS: Students form first, second and third semester of Medicine College in UCE were included in the study. The age range was between 17 and 25 years old. All students were measured weight, height, body mass index (BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference and serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and glucose. RESULTS: The study shows that the prevalence of MS was 7.58% (IDF). It means that 1 of 13 students had MS. 22.24% has pre obesity and 3.14% has obesity. We found that waist circumference was mainly higher in women than men (33.67% vs. 9.55) of the 31.79% of low values of HDLc, the 24.50% occurred among women and 7.29% among men. , the values of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and glucose were normal. CONCLUSION: In the tested sample was found that 1 out of 13 students had MS and 1 out of 2 had at least one risk factor for MS. According with the pre-obesity and obesity result, 1 out of 4 students shows one of these symptoms. In addition, these results show the direct relationship between risk factors and TA. Finally, Healthy lifestyles promotion (includes non-pharmacological treatments such diet and exercise) could be the first goal to prevent metabolic disease, because the large amount of persons with at least one risk factor for MS.
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños y adolescentes se consideran un problema de salud pública en el mundo. La obesidad parece ser el desencadenante más importante de la resistencia a la insulina, lo que convierte a los niños y adolescentes obesos en un grupo de riesgo para desarrollar Síndrome Metabólico. En el Ecuador, el seguimiento que se le da al diagnóstico de Síndrome Metabólico para la predicción del riesgo de enfermedad cardio y cerebro vascular y Diabetes Mellitus, es limitado. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico y sus factores riesgo en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad Central del Ecuador de la ciudad de Quito. Métodos: Fueron incluidos estudiantes de los tres primeros semestres de la carrera de Medicina de la UCE, comprendidos entre 17 y 25 años. A todos los estudiantes se midió peso, talla, se calculó índice de masa corporalIMC, tensión arterial, perímetro abdominal, y niveles séricos de colesterol total, cHDL, cLDL, triglicéridos y glucosa. Resultados: En el presente estudio se encontró que la prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico fue de 7.58% (IDF). El 22,24% presentó pre obesidad y 3.14% obesidad. Se encontró que el perímetro abdominal estuvo alterado preferentemente en mujeres en relación con los hombres (33.67% vs 9.55%). En el 31.79% se encontró niveles de cHDL bajo los valores normales, siendo más significativo en mujeres (24.50% mujeres, 7.29% hombres), los valores de colesterol total, colesterol LDL y glucosa estuvieron dentro de parámetros normales. Conclusión: En la muestra estudiada se encontró que 1 de cada 13 estudiantes presentaron Síndrome Metabólico y 1 de cada 2, al menos un factor de riesgo. En relación a pre obesidad y obesidad, 1 de cada 4 estudiantes presento algún grado de sobrepeso u obesidad. Se evidencio una relación directamente proporcional entre la presencia de factores de riesgo y un aumento de TA. Dada la gran cantidad de personas que presentan al menos un factor de riesgo es indispensable promover estilos de vida saludable que incluyan medidas no farmacológicas como dieta y ejercicio.
Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Índice de Massa Corporal , Equador/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Con el objetivo de establecer el perfil antigénico del sistema eritrocitario Rh-Hr, se estudiaron a 177 cónyugues de mujeres Rh negativo. En 15 casos (8.5 por ciento), fueron Rh negativo y 162 casos (91.5 por ciento) fueron Rh positivo. Con respecto a la cigocidad probable al antígeno D, en 100 casos (56.5 por ciento) son homocigotos , en 62 casos (35 por ciento), son hetoocigostos y 15 cónyuges (8.5 por ciento) Rh negativo. El fenotipo probable, de acuerdo a la frecuencia porcentual de casos, fueron DCCee (R1/r) en 48 cónyuges (27.1 por ciento), DCCee (R1/R1), con 46 casos (26 por ciento), DCcEe (R1/R2) en 36 casos (20.3 por ciento), DccEe (R2/r) con 14 casos (7.9 por ciento), DccEE (R2/R2) en 13 casos (7.3 por ciento), DCCEe (R1/RZ) y Dccee (Ro/r) con 2 casos cada uno (1.1 por ciento) y DCcEE (R2/RZ) con un sólo caso (0.5 por ciento). En los cónyuges Rh negativo, la más frecuente con 14 casos (7.9 por ciento) fue el fenotipo dcce (r/r y con el fenotipo dccEe (r"/r), se encontró sólo un caso (0.56 por ciento). La frecuencia génica de la población r/r (Rh negativo), mostró diferencia significativa (p < 0.025) con respecto a la frecuencia esperada de los sujetos Rh negativos en la población del Valle de México.