RESUMO
The presence of anomalous intraventricular flows of high velocity and dynamic ejective obstruction of the left ventricle post aortic valve replacement, generally by severe aortic stenosis, is a relatively infrequent, but severe complication. An early diagnosis is of crucial importance, since the usual treatments applied to postoperative heart failure are often inefficacious or even harmful. Even in cases of severe pump failure, when the clinical case is diagnosed adequately, endovenous short-action beta-blockers are useful.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Propanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Valva Aórtica , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of intravenous and oral amiodarone on morbidity and mortality in patients during the first hours after the onset of an acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort of 1073 patients admitted to the CCU within 24 h of the onset of symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction and heart failure (Killip and Kimball A-B) were randomized to receive amiodarone (n=542) or placebo (n=531) for 6 months. Because of the higher mortality, on an interim analysis, from a 'high dose' of amiodarone or placebo (516 patients) the protocol was changed to a 'low dose' or placebo (557 patients). Mortality with high doses of amiodarone was 16.30% vs 10.16% in the placebo group (P=0.04), whereas mortality with low doses was 6.61% vs 9.47% in the control group (P=0.20). Several non-fatal adverse effects were observed in 108 and 73 patients treated with amiodarone and placebo, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that early administration of amiodarone in low doses to patients with an acute myocardial infarction may be used only if life-threatening arrhythmia justify its prescription. Conversely, when given in high doses, it might increase mortality.
Assuntos
Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Antiarrítmicos/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/tratamento farmacológico , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Amiodarona/administração & dosagem , Antiarrítmicos/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Exercise testing after acute myocardial infarction is commonly used, but in recent years alternative methods have been proposed. Standard exercise testing was compared with dobutamine electrocardiographic (ECG) stress testing in 100 patients after an acute initial myocardial infarction. Dobutamine ECG stress testing was performed in a standard manner at 5 +/- 1 days after the infarction and exercise testing was performed a mean of 10 +/- 2 days following the event. Agreement between both tests was observed in 91 cases (91%), P < .001, Fisher test kappa value, 0.79). The dobutamine test predicted the result of the exercise test with a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval, 87-100) and a specificity of 88% (95% confidence interval 77-93) for a positive predictive value of 75% (95% confidence interval, 62-97) and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% confidence interval, 91-100). Dobutamine ECG stress testing is concluded to be an objective and reliable procedure, which accurately predicts the results of standard exercise testing. It is inexpensive, easy to perform, and although not yet confirmed, could be particularly useful in patients who cannot perform exercise.
Assuntos
Dobutamina/farmacologia , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Alta do Paciente , Idoso , Dobutamina/efeitos adversos , Teste de Esforço/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Exercise testing is a well known means of evaluating patients with unstable angina, but in recent years, alternative methods have been proposed. We prospectively compared standard exercise testing with dobutamine electrocardiographic stress testing for patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of unstable angina. A total of 43 patients were studied, divided into two different groups, according to the presence (group A n = 26) or absence (group B n = 17) of a previous history of coronary artery disease and/or electrocardiographic changes compatible with ischemia on admission. Dobutamine electrocardiographic stress testing was performed in a standard manner at 3 +/- 1 days after admission in group A and at 16 +/- 8 hours after admission in group B. Exercise testing was performed, on average 5 +/- 1 days following the event in group A and 2 days after admission in group B. Agreement between both tests was observed in 39 (91%) cases, Kappa value: 0.81. The dobutamine test predicted the result of the exercise test with a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 54-90), and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 86-100), with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 86%. It can be concluded that dobutamine electrocardiographic stress testing is an objective and reliable procedure that accurately predicts the results of standard exercise testing in patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina. If this result were confirmed with a greater number of patients, it would be a good option for definitive diagnosis and risk stratification, in addition to being inexpensive and easy to perform. It can also be particularly useful for patients who cannot perform exercise.