RESUMO
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine was applied to the Mexican population before the WHO approved it. In a transversal study, we compare the CanSino vaccine efficacy and a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Guadalajara, Mexico. Participants between 30-60 years were included in the study and classified into three groups: 1) Natural immunity (unvaccinated), 2) Vaccine-induced immunity (vaccinated individuals without a COVID-19 history), and 3) Natural immunity + vaccine-induced immunity. These groups were matched by age and gender. We assessed the ability of individuals' serum to neutralize the Delta variant and compared the results of the different groups using a neutralization test followed by plaque-forming units. Results showed that 39% of individuals' serum with a history of COVID-19 (natural immunity, Group 1) could not neutralize the Delta variant, compared to 33% in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 (vaccine immunity, Group 2). In contrast, only 7% of vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 (natural + vaccine immunities) could not neutralize the Delta variant. We concluded that the effectiveness of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant is comparable to that of natural infection (61% vs. 67%). However, in individuals with both forms of immunity (Group 3), it increased to 93%. Based on these results, despite the Ad5-nCoV vaccine originally being designed as a single-dose regimen, it could be recommended that even those who have recovered from COVID-19 should consider vaccination to boost their immunity against this variant.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , México/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Vacinação , Anticorpos AntiviraisRESUMO
Few studies analyze the role of B-cell subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathophysiology. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the differences in B-cell subpopulations and B-cell activation according to disease activity, RA subtype, and absence of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. These subgroups were compared with control subjects (CS). One hundred and thirty-nine subjects were included, of which 114 were RA patients, and 25 were controls. Patients were divided into 99 with seropositive RA, 6 with seronegative RA, and 9 without DMARDs. The patients with seropositive RA were subclassified based on the DAS28 index. A seven-color multicolor flow cytometry panel was used to identify B-cell immunophenotypes and cell activation markers. There were no changes in total B-cell frequencies between RA patients and controls. However, a lower frequency of memory B cells and pre-plasmablasts was observed in seropositive RA compared to controls (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0043, respectively). In contrast, a higher frequency of mature B cells was observed in RA than in controls (P = 0.0002). Among patients with RA, those with moderate activity had a higher percentage of B cells (P = 0.0021). The CD69+ marker was increased (P < 0.0001) in RA compared to controls, while the CD40+ frequency was decreased in patients (P < 0.0001). Transitional, naïve, and double-negative B-cell subpopulations were higher in seronegative RA than in seropositive (P < 0.01). In conclusion, in seropositive and seronegative RA patients, there are alterations in B-cell activation and B-cell subpopulations, independently of clinical activity and DMARDs therapy.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos , Artrite Reumatoide , Humanos , Autoanticorpos , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Linfócitos B , Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Citometria de FluxoRESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the dynamics, duration, and production of total and neutralizing antibodies induced by the BNT162b2 vaccine and the possible effect of gender and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection on the generation of these antibodies. Total antibodies were quantified via chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA), and neutralizing antibodies were quantified using the cPass SARS-CoV-2 kit. Individuals with a history of COVID-19 produced twice as many antibodies than vaccinated individuals without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an exponential increase observed in just six days. In those without a COVID-19 history, similar antibody production was reached 45 days after vaccination. Although total antibodies decline considerably in the first two months, the neutralizing antibodies and their inhibitory capacity (>96%) persist up to 6 months after the first dose. There was a tendency for higher total antibodies in women than men, but not at the inhibition capacity level. We suggest that the decline in total antibodies should not be considered as an indicator of loss of protective immunity because most antibodies decay two months after the second dose, but neutralizing antibodies remain constant for at least six months. Therefore, these latter antibodies could be better indicators for estimating the time-dependent vaccine efficacy.
RESUMO
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year, more than 700 thousand people die from this cause. Therefore, suicide is a public health issue. The complex interaction between different factors causes suicide; however, depression is one of the most frequent factors in people who have attempted suicide. Several studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency may be a relevant risk factor for depression, and vitamin D supplementation has shown promising effects in the adjunctive treatment of this mood disorder. Among the beneficial mechanisms of vitamin D, it has been proposed that it may enhance serotonin synthesis and modulate proinflammatory cytokines since low serotonin levels and systemic inflammation have been associated with depression and suicide. The present narrative review shows the potential pathogenic role of vitamin D deficiency in depression and suicide and the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation to reduce their risk.
Assuntos
Tentativa de Suicídio , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Humanos , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Ideação Suicida , Serotonina , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can be indicators of collective immunity, vaccine efficacy, and the longevity of the humoral response. This study aimed to compare reactogenicity and NAbs generated by three different COVID-19 vaccine platforms in individuals with and without prior COVID-19. 336 individuals vaccinated (112 with CoronaVac [inactivated virus], 112 with BNT162b2 [messenger RNA], and 112 with Ad5-nCoV [non-replicating viral vector]) were included. NAbs were quantified with the cPass SARS-CoV-2 kit. Individuals immunized with the Ad5-nCoV showed higher reactogenicity than those immunized with the other vaccines (p < 0.001). The BTN162b2 vaccine-induced NAbs with higher inhibition capacity than the other platforms in the first dose. In individuals without prior COVID-19, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine generated lower NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 than those induced by two doses of the BTN162b2 (Ad5-nCoV 72.10 [55.6-93.4] vs. BTN162b2 98.41 [98.16-98.56], p < 0.0001). One individual did not generate NAbs (0.89%) after a complete immunization with CoronaVac; in BTN162b2, all generated these antibodies, and in the Ad5-nCoV group, four individuals (3.57%) did not generate NAbs. Comorbidities, gender, age, and reactogenicity did not significantly influence the generation of NAbs (p > 0.05); however, a history of COVID-19 before vaccination was associated with antibodies with greater neutralizing capacity after the first dose (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mRNA vaccine (BTN162b2) had a remarkable better ability to produce NAbs and lower reactogenicity than the other platforms, whereas the Ad5-nCov vaccine induced the lowest NAbs response in individuals without a history of COVID-19; therefore, we suggest that a booster could benefit these individuals.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacina BNT162 , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinas de mRNARESUMO
Purpose: Understanding the humoral immune response dynamics carried out by B cells in COVID-19 vaccination is little explored; therefore, we analyze the changes induced in the different cellular subpopulations of B cells after vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated thirty-nine immunized health workers (22 with prior COVID-19 and 17 without prior COVID-19) and ten subjects not vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (control group). B cell subpopulations (transitional, mature, naïve, memory, plasmablasts, early plasmablast, and double-negative B cells) and neutralizing antibody levels were analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results: The dynamics of the B cells subpopulations after vaccination showed the following pattern: the percentage of transitional B cells was higher in the prior COVID-19 group (p < 0.05), whereas virgin B cells were more prevalent in the group without prior COVID-19 (p < 0.05), mature B cells predominated in both vaccinated groups (p < 0.01), and memory B cells, plasmablasts, early plasmablasts, and double-negative B cells were higher in the not vaccinated group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: BNT162b2 vaccine induces changes in B cell subpopulations, especially generating plasma cells and producing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, the previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 does not significantly alter the dynamics of these subpopulations but induces more rapid and optimal antibody production.
RESUMO
Several studies have reported the benefits and safety of heterologous vaccination among different approved vaccines; however, there are no specific reports on the effects of vaccination with the Ad5-nCoV and other vaccines of the same or different technologies. In the present study, we evaluated the neutralizing antibodies percentage against SARS-CoV-2 in Mexican patients immunized with the Ad5-nCoV vaccine six months after its application. Moreover, the effect of the heterologous vaccination with the Ad5-nCoV vaccine and a booster dose of ChAdOx1-S-Nov-19, Ad26.COV2.S, BNT162b2, or mRNA-127 were determined. Our results suggest that a heterologous regimen of one dose with Ad5-nCoV vaccine followed by a booster dose of a different vaccine is safe and induces a stronger humoral immune response.
RESUMO
This is the first study outside of clinical trials (phase I-III) evaluating the ability of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to generate neutralizing antibodies and the factors associated with optimal or suboptimal response. In a longitudinal assay, 346 people (117 with prior COVID-19 and 229 without prior COVID-19) vaccinated with Ad5-nCoV were recruited. The percentage of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test) and antibodies against Ad5 (ADV-Ad5 IgG ELISA) were quantified pre and post-vaccination effects. The Ad5-nCoV vaccine induces higher neutralizing antibodies percentage in individuals with prior COVID-19 than those without prior COVID-19 (median [IQR]: 98% [97-98.1] vs. 72% [54-90], respectively; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a natural infection (before vaccination) induces more neutralizing antibodies percentage than immunized individuals without prior COVID-19 (p < 0.01). No patient had vaccine-severe adverse effects. The age, antidepressant, and immunosuppressive treatments, reactogenicity, and history of COVID-19 are associated with impaired antibody production. The anti-Ad5 antibodies increased after 21 days of post-vaccination in all groups (p < 0.01). We recommend the application of a booster dose of Ad5-nCoV, especially for those individuals without previous COVID-19 infection. Finally, the induction of anti-Ad5 antibodies after vaccination should be considered if a booster with the same vaccine is planned.
RESUMO
Since seafood is susceptible to decomposition, additives may be used to maintain its quality. However, some additives may be improperly used to disguise spoilage, thus resulting in food fraud. Market growth demands faster and more reliable quality control tools that incorporate the most common additives in a single analysis. This study developed a rapid analytical method for the determination of citrate, phosphate and sulfite in seafood by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV-Vis detection. Electrophoretic separation was achieved in less than 3.5 min. The background electrolyte consisted of 20 mmol L-1 of benzenesulfonic acid and 45 mmol L-1 of aminocaproic acid. After validation, the method was applied for 24 seafood real samples. Citrate was found in five samples. Four samples presented higher phosphate and sulfite concentrations than those permitted by Brazilian legislation. Good analytical performance indicates that the method is a viable alternative for food control in routine analysis.
Assuntos
Ácido Cítrico/análise , Eletroforese Capilar/métodos , Fosfatos/análise , Alimentos Marinhos/análise , Sulfitos/análise , Eletrólitos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Integrating simulators with robotic surgical procedures could assist in designing and testing of novel robotic control algorithms and further enhance patient-specific pre-operative planning and training for robotic surgeries. METHODS: A virtual reality simulator, developed to perform the transsphenoidal resection of pituitary gland tumours, tested the usability of robotic interfaces and control algorithms. It used position-based dynamics to allow soft-tissue deformation and resection with haptic feedback; dynamic motion scaling control was also incorporated into the simulator. RESULTS: Neurosurgeons and residents performed the surgery under constant and dynamic motion scaling conditions (CMS vs DMS). DMS increased dexterity and reduced the risk of damage to healthy brain tissue. Post-experimental questionnaires indicated that the system was well-evaluated by experts. CONCLUSION: The simulator was intuitively and realistically operated. It increased the safety and accuracy of the procedure without affecting intervention time. Future research can investigate incorporating this simulation into a real micro-surgical robotic system.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Simulação por Computador , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Realidade Virtual , Algoritmos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Movimento (Física) , Movimento , Neurocirurgia , Interface Usuário-ComputadorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Wound morbidity commonly accompanies transposition of the femoral vein when used for hemodialysis access, mainly because of the length of the skin incision. A short incision may reduce wound complications but may compromise the arteriovenous (AV) function because of the shorter length of femoral vein available for puncture. This report presents our experience with a modification of the original technique, in which a smaller skin incision and fistula elevation were used. METHODS: The clinical course of 25 AV fistulas in the thigh using the femoral vein was retrospectively analyzed. The original technique to create femoral AV access was used in 12 patients and the modified technique in 13. The procedures were performed between 2005 and 2007, and patients were monitored until January 31, 2011. RESULTS: Three fistulas failed in each group. Five patients in the original group had wound complications. No wound complications occurred in the modified group. The fistula was first used at an average of 10.45 weeks and 6.14 weeks, respectively. Patency was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to obtain a functional AV fistula in the thigh using the femoral vessels and limiting the extent of the incision. Long-term patency is reasonable, despite the use of a short femoral segment for puncture.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos , Veia Femoral/cirurgia , Diálise Renal , Coxa da Perna/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Idoso , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Veia Femoral/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Tábuas de Vida , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
En la presente investigacion se trabajo en la Cuenca Misicuni. Una de las cuencas mas importantes del Proyecto Multiple Misicuni que tiene como objetivo el aprovechamiento de los recursos hidricos de las cuencas Misicuni, Vizcachas y Putucuni, con el fin de asegurar el abastacimiento de agua potable a la ciudad de Cochabamba, proveer de agua para riego al Valle Central de Cochabamba y generar energia hidroelectrica. Para cumplir con dicho objetivo es necesario la construccion de una presa de gran altura para poder embalzar las aguas durante la epoca lluviosa. Una de las variables de importancia para una obra civil de esta embergadura son los sedimientos, de los cuales se tienen poca informacion, para subsanar esta falencia se implemento la apliccion del modelo distribuido AGNPS y determinar la cantidad de sedimientos producidos por la cuenca de Misicuni...
Assuntos
Bacias , Recursos Hídricos , Transporte de SedimentosRESUMO
Las alteraciones de laboratorio en la enfermedad de Kawasaki son generalmente no específicas, o aparecen tarde para ser diagnósticas. Es también imperativo establecer evidencia negativa de otras causas conocidas de enfermedad febril aguda, basado en la historia clínica, hallazgos al examen físicoincluyendo hematología, conteo de plaquetas velocidad de eritrosedimentación proteína C-reactiva, título de ASO, examen de orina y tinción de Gram; otra pruebaspueden ser utiles en casos mencionados
Assuntos
Humanos , Laboratórios Hospitalares , Síndrome de Linfonodos MucocutâneosRESUMO
Se procede al análisis de la literatura médica en relación al impacto que representa en la emfermedad de Kawasaki, la presencia y trascendencia de los aneurismas coronarios, especialmente entre la población pedríaticaAspectos como diagnóstico, grupo de edad en riesgo, factores de riesgo, pronóstico, aspectos anatomopatológicos son sucesivamente revisados
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença das Coronárias/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se revisa la bibliografía internacional sobre la base de la terapeútica óptima para aquellos niños afectados por la enfermedad de Kawasaki
Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/patologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/terapiaRESUMO
Se destacan por su transcendencia diagnóstica en el Síndrome Linfomucocutaneo (Kawasaki) aquellos procedimientos paraclínicos y técnicas auxiliares que permiten orientar o confirmar la enfermedad. Se parte desde las acostumbradas series radiográficas de rutina, así como los hallazgos típicos electrocardiográficos, para finalmente revisar sucesivamente por la ecocardiografía-bidimensional-Doppler, la arteriografía (coronariografía), pruebas con radioisótopos (Indium 111, Thallium-201), además de la tomografía cardíaca computarizada y la resonancia magnética
Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Ecocardiografia Doppler/estatística & dados numéricos , Ecocardiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome de Linfonodos MucocutâneosRESUMO
Se analiza sobre la base de una revisión bibliográfica casuística, sean locales e internacionales, la situación de la Fiebre Reumática (FR); aspectos clínicos-epidemiológicos de la enfermedad, como proceso sistémico, que afecta el tejido colágeno en general. tres series nacionales realizadas en el Hospital de Niños, en diferentes momentos, sirven de marco de referencia para avalar comentarios y conclusiones sobre la FR como problema de salud colectiva, que aún persiste a pesar de los progresos en la profilaxia. A raíz de los hallazgos del trabajo, la infección estreptococcica es muchas veces descuidada por los representantes y médicos en general, sea en la duración o dosis de la quimioprofilaxia
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Febre Reumática/epidemiologia , Febre Reumática/patologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/terapia , Saúde Pública/tendênciasRESUMO
Se analiza el caso de una lactante menor con diagnóstico de tetralogía de Fallot, cardiopatía congénita cianógena más frecuente en nuestro medio, pero esta vez asociada a un drenaje venoso anómalo total, persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda drenando en el seno coronario y comunicación interauricular. La entidad clínica descrita es rara, pero muy importante a considerar en el momento de tomar una decisión quirúrgica, ya que los procedimientos paliativos en este tipo de asociación, si llegan a realizarse son catastróficos y fatales. Se hace especial énfasis en los procedimientos no invasivos, como métodos que complementan la orientación diagnóstica del caso
Assuntos
Lactente , Humanos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Drenagem , Ecocardiografia Doppler/estatística & dados numéricos , Veias Pulmonares/patologia , Tetralogia de Fallot/complicações , Tetralogia de Fallot/patologiaRESUMO
se analizan 109 expedientes post-operatorios de cirugía cardiovascular, en edades pediátricas, en el HCC desde su fundación hasta julio 92; todos son cardiopatías congénita preoperatorias, sean simples o complejas. Los egresados vivos en buenas condiciones, 95 niños (87,15 por ciento); sobrevivientes totales, incluyendo las secuelas, 97 pacientes (89 por ciento). Las muertes posoperatorias representaron un 11,0 por ciento. Las secuelas, encefalopatías hipóxicas, 2 casos (1,83 por ciento). Entre las cardiopatías operadas, en orden de frecuencia, tetralogía de fallot, PCA, CIV, CIA, tales anomalías sumaron 68 individuos (62,39 por ciento), las cardiopatías complejas representaron un 14,68 por ciento del total. Las muertes post-operatorias ocurrieron en los casos de TF, TGV, retornovenoso total y CIV con hipertensión pulmonar severa. La cirugía correctiva predominó en la serie, 88 casos (80,73 por ciento). Entre los antecedentes, Dow, 2 casos; hipotiroidismo congénito, imperforación anal, atresia del colédoco. Un 81,65 por ciento de los niños afectados sin antecedentes personales y/o familiares significativos. Se discuten las diversas técnicas quirúrgicas
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/mortalidade , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/terapia , Ecocardiografia Doppler/estatística & dados numéricos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos CardiovascularesRESUMO
Se revisan diversos aspectos de la patogenia de la fiebre reumática (FR), entre ellos el mimetismo antigénico, toxicidad de subproductos, respuesta inmune celular, respuesta humoral y marcadores la (DR). Se incorpora a esta revisión asimismo los hallazgos histopatológicos de la FR, a partir del concepto de NOMICLOPASIA, que involucra a los sistemas fibroblástico e inmunológico, y que finalmente desembocan en las formas graves de la enfermedad, cardiopatía reumática crónica o valvulapatía mitro-aórtica con disfunción ventricular permanente. Se destaca la importancia de las recurrencias de la actividad reumática en la génesis de los fenómenos isquémicos. Finalmente se procede a la revisión de las diferentes formas de la enfermedad, particularmente las alteraciones encefálicas, la neumonitis reumática y la arteritis reumática