RESUMO

Shoot blight, twig and branch cankers with grayish discoloration, roughened tissue, and dieback were observed in 5-year-old European hazelnut trees (Corylus avellana L.) cv. Barcelona at two commercial plantations in the Allipén locality, Region de La Araucanía (38° 59' 24.76″ S, 72° 29' 35.58″ W), Chile, during the 2011 to 2012 growing season. In addition, discoloration of the wood was observed in cross-sections. In order to isolate the causal agent, entire twigs and shoot fragments with cankers were sterilized in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes, followed by two rinses with sterile distilled water. The tissues were then stored in a humid chamber. Sub-epidermal black pycnidia with sporulation were detected on the symptomatic tissue. Conidia were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Difco, Lawrence, KS) and incubated at 25°C in the dark. The mycelia were black, creeping, and compact in appearance. The mature conidia were dark brown with a single septum, slightly constricted at the septum, and ovoid with a broadly rounded apex; some had a truncated base. Conidia had the following measurements: (20.0-) 23.1 ± 1.9 (-28.0) × (10-) 11.9 ± 1.2 (-15) µm with an average length/width ratio of 1.95 ± 0.17 (n = 50). These morphometric characteristics correspond to those of Diplodia coryli Fuckel (1870), teleomorph: Botryosphaeria sensu lato. The identity of the fungus was confirmed using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequencing completed at CABI, United Kingdom. The sequencing report indicated that the isolate (IMI-501235a) had 100% homology with a reference strain (CBS 242.51) in the CBS collection. The obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JX163116). The anamorphs of Botryosphaeria have been divided into up to 18 genera (1), many of which are not clearly defined. Diplodia (3), including D. coryli (CBS 242.51) and D. juglandis (CBS 188.87), have been included within the genus Dothiorella (2), but the taxon names have not been formally changed. A pathogenicity test was conducted with one isolate (IMI-501235a) and four 1-year-old plants of hazelnut cultivar Barcelona. Plants were maintained in individual bags in greenhouse conditions (14/10 hours dark/light, 20°C; 70% RH). Prior to inoculation, plant tissues were externally disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (2%) and rinsed with sterile distilled water. Each plant was inoculated at fresh wound sites on two shoots and three twigs around each vegetative bud. The inoculum consisted of an agar plug with mycelia (5 mm) from the margin of an actively growing colony cultured on PDA media for 7 days. Each wound was covered with moistened cotton and sealed with Parafilm; a control plant was inoculated in the same way with agar only. After 3 months, fragments of necrotic and discolored vascular system tissues from inoculated shoots were removed and incubated on PDA. D. coryli was consistently recovered from these tissues, satisfying Koch's postulates. The control plant showed no symptoms of the disease. D. coryli has been reported to cause symptoms of dieback (dead branches) in Italy and Spain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. coryli on C. avellana cv. Barcelona in Chile. European hazelnut is an emerging crop in Chile, grown mainly for export, and management strategies for this disease will need to be developed. References: (1) S. Denman et al. Stud. Mycol. 45:129, 2000. (2) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Persoonia 21:29, 2008. (3) A. J. L. Phillips et al. Mycologia 97:513, 2005.

RESUMO

Abstract: the drooping lily sign, also known as wilting flower, corresponds to an imaginological alteration reported over 40 years ago. Initially described in excretory urography, it represents the appearance of the inferior ureteropelvic renal system with a duplicated collecting system, in which the renal pelvis is horizontal and calices are discreetly directed towards caudal. Despite the current limited use of excretory urography, the drooping lily sign remains valid and of diagnostic use in voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) (also micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)), computed tomography urography (CTU) and magnetic resonance urography (MRU).

El signo del lirio caído (drooping lily en la literatura anglosajona), también llamado "flor marchita", corresponde a una alteración imaginológica reportada hace más de 40 años. Inicialmente descrito en pielografía de eliminación, representa el aspecto que adquiere el sistema pieloureteral inferior de un riñón con doble sistema excretor, dado por una pelvis renal de orientación horizontal y cálices que se dirigen discretamente hacia caudal. A pesar de la escasa utilización de la pielografía de eliminación en la actualidad, el signo de lirio caído sigue vigente y resulta de utilidad diagnóstica en uretrocistografía miccional, urografía por tomografía computarizada (UroTC) y urografía por resonancia magnética (UroRM).

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RESUMO

Beta-thalassaemia is a hereditary hemolytic disease, in which each clinic phenotype encompasses a heterogenic group of genetic alterations resulting in beta-globin chain synthesis decrease or absence in red blood cells. Studies on beta-thalassaemia carriers suggest the existence of decreased red cell deformability. The erythrocyte deformability in the blood stream is a well-known fact regarding blood circulation efficiency. Red blood cells may be considered to be viscoelastic and their behavior may be described according to complex viscoelastic parameters when they undergo oscillatory stresses. This dynamic behavior is physiologically important due to the in vivo pulsatile blood flow. The aim of the present work was to evaluate complex erythrocyte viscoelastic parameters in patients suffering from heterozygous beta-thalassaemia in comparison with healthy individuals. Our results reveal that even though thalassaemia erythrocytes show a decreased deformability in the stationary state, in a dynamic state, hemorheological alterations are only evident at low oscillatory frequencies, i.e., at lower frequencies in contrast with the normal heart rate (60 cycles/min = 1 Hz), producing no significant alterations at increased heart rate.

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Tradicionalmente la disección radical ganglionar inguinal ha sido el tratamiento en el carcinoma de vulva, sin embargo, la morbilidad asociada al procedimiento es alta. Recientemente se han propuesto nuevas opciones en el manejo. De tal manera que tanto los procedimientos radicales versus conservadores no han demostrado diferencias en la supervivencia. Objetivo. Comparar la morbilidad y recurrencia tumoral entre dos tipos de abordajes para la disección ganglionar inguino-femoral mediante incisiones cl sicas radicales versus limitadas de tipo conservador. Material y métodos. Retrospectivamente analizamos los expedientes clínicos de pacientes con el diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide de la vulva tratados con disección ganglionar con incisión radical versus limitada, durante el periodo de enero de 1986 a diciembre de 1996, en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de México (INCan). Se seleccionaron nueve pacientes tratadas con vulvectomía o hemivulvectomía e incisión inguino-femoral limitada (Grupo I), uni o bilateral y 18 pacientes tratadas con vulvectomía o hemivulvectomía con incisiones separadas de la disección ganglionar inguino-femoral pero con incisión radical clásica (Grupo II). Resultados. Durante los 10 años de evaluación, 27 pacientes con carcinoma de vulva fueron identificadas. Para el grupo I el promedio de edad fue de 68.4 años versus 72.5 del grupo II (p= NS). El número de ganglios disecados y recurrencias locales no mostró diferencias con significancia estadística para ambos grupos. La supervivencia para las pacientes del grupo I fue del 66.7 por ciento y 42 por ciento para las del grupo II. Los únicos parámetros con p significativas fueron la frecuencia de bencrosis del colgajo (p= 0.03), infección de la herida quirúrgica (p= 0.05) a favor del grupo I (p= 0.07). Conclusiones. En nuestro Análisis la incisión limitada para realizar la disección ganglionar inguino-femoral ofrece menor morbilidad que la incisión radical clásica, sin repercusión en el control oncológico y supervivencia de las pacientes.

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Hematological parameters in newborn umbilical cord blood samples (n = 476), collected at the Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Rosario, were studied. They were divided into 3 groups: (I) full term newborns with weight according to gestational age; (II) low weight and normal gestational age; (III) preterm newborns. The results were as follows: group (I) Hb: 15.5 +/- 1.1 g/dl; RBC; 4.66 +/- 0.33 x 10(12)/l; PCV: 49% +/- 4.3%, MCV 105.1 +/- 5.3 fl; MHC: 33.2 +/- 1.2 pg. Decreased Hb concentration (p < 0.05) and increased MCV (p < 0.01) were observed in preterm newborns in comparison with normal ones, and a slight PCV increase and RBC values in low weight newborns compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte morphology was normal as well as reticulocyte values in these samples. The electrophoretic pattern was (FA) with the following Hb F values 66.3 +/- 6.8%, and Hb A2 0.45 +/- 0.3% in group (I), with a significant increase of Hb F in 30-35 weeks preterm newborns. Group (I) values are considered as normal hematological parameters in newborns in our country, whereas MCV < 94.7 fl is considered as a neonatal microcytosis marker, consequently an alert to investigate alpha-thalassemia. There was no influence on Hb concentration due to maternal smoking habit. The present work could be of relevance for our region since up to the present time there are no similar records.

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