RESUMO
The cephalic vein arises from the radial end of the dorsal venous arch. It turns around the radial border of the forearm and passes proximally along the arm to the shoulder, where it enters the axillary vein by penetrating the clavipectoral triangle. The cephalic vein is prone to vary at the antecubital fossa, where it forms numerous anastomoses. A male cadaver fixated with a 10% formalin solution was dissected during regular anatomy lessons. It was found that the cephalic vein crossed the upper third of the arm between two fasciculi of the deltoid muscle and reached the shoulder, where it passed above the acromion and crossed the posterior border of the clavicle in order to join the external jugular vein. The cephalic vein is one of the most used veins for innumerous activities, such as venipunctures and arteriovenous fistula creation. Furthermore, it is an anatomical landmark known for its consistent anatomy, as it possesses low rates of variability. Despite that, its anatomical variations are clinically and surgically significant and healthcare professionals must be aware of the variations of this vessel. We aim to report a rarely described variation of the cephalic vein and discuss its embryological, phylogenetic and clinical features.
Assuntos
Variação Anatômica , Veias Jugulares/anatomia & histologia , Extremidade Superior/irrigação sanguínea , Pontos de Referência Anatômicos , Veia Axilar/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Humanos , Masculino , FilogeniaRESUMO
Esta nueva edición sirve de orientación en la planificación y aplicación de intervenciones dirigidas a integrar el control del cáncer a las acciones del sistema nacional de salud, basa su actualización en el programa del médico y enfermera de la familia, y se estructura en paquetes tecnológicos como innovación para incorporar entre otros, los productos de la biotecnología. En ese sentido, organiza la gestión direccionada por el conocimiento, la socialización de las nuevas formas de organización establecidas para el control de la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Neoplasias , Neoplasias Bucais , Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Prevenção do Hábito de FumarRESUMO
Cytotoxic proteins and prodigiosin obtained from Serratia marcescens strains are known to induce tumor cell death, nevertheless its combination has not been studied. In this paper we evaluate the combined effects of these molecules in a panel of tumor cell lines. The results showed a marked inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cell lines derived from tumors (i.e., melanoma) which are highly resistant to conventional anticancer drugs, while normal cells were less sensitive than tumor cells. TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) and electrophoresis of HEp-2 cell DNA treated with MG2327 preparation [containing the P50 protein belonging to the serralysins and prodigiosin, from S. marcescens CMIB4202] showed a pattern of DNA fragments typically associated with apoptosis. Interestingly, prodigiosin enhanced by 1.6-fold the cytotoxic effect of P50 when acting in combination on HEp-2 cells. The broad cytotoxic activity of the combination on tumor cells as well as its selectivity open new frontiers in cancer therapy.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Prodigiosina/farmacologia , Serratia marcescens/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Humanos , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Prodigiosina/isolamento & purificação , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
Culture filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense were applied to field-grown banana leaves of susceptible and resistant clones. The difference in leaf lesions, measured after 48 h, varied from 13 to 51 mm2 depending on the composition of the growth medium.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/patologia , Fusarium/patogenicidade , Imunidade Inata/fisiologia , Musa/citologia , Musa/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Células Cultivadas , Clonagem Molecular , Fusarium/genética , Musa/classificação , Folhas de Planta/classificação , Folhas de Planta/citologia , Folhas de Planta/microbiologiaRESUMO
Sequential Intermittent Pneumatic Compression (SIPC) is an accepted method for treatment of peripheral lymphedema. This prospective study evaluated the effect in 11 patients of a single session of SIPC on both lymphedema volume of the leg and isotope lymphography (99Tc dextran) before SIPC (control) and 48 hours later after a 3 hour session of SIPC. Qualitative analysis of the 2 lymphoscintigrams (LS) was done by image interpretation by 3 physicians on a blind study protocol. The LS protocol attributed an index score based on the following variables: appearance, density and number of lymphatics, dermal backflow and collateral lymphatics in leg and thigh, visualization and intensity of popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes. Volume of the leg edema was evaluated by measuring limb circumference before and after SIPC at 6 designated sites. Whereas there was a significant reduction of circumference in the leg after SIPC (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in the index scores of the LS before and after treatment. This acute or single session SIPC suggests that compression increased transport of lymph fluid (i.e., water) without comparable transport of macromolecules (i.e., protein). Alternatively, SIPC reduced lymphedema by decreasing blood capillary filtration (lymph formation) rather than by accelerating lymph return thereby restoring the balance in lymph kinetics responsible for edema in the first place.
Assuntos
Perna (Membro)/irrigação sanguínea , Linfedema/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfedema/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Circulação Colateral/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Cinética , Linfedema/terapia , Linfografia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Tecnécio , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This paper deals with the analysis of phytoplankton composition and abundance from four sampling stations at the polymictic system, Rinc6n del Bonete water reservoir in Uruguay. Sampling data were obtained in 4 seasonal periods between February and November 1993. A hundred and twenty-four taxa were identified, where Aulacoseira granulata (Ehrenb.) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima (Muller) Simon., A. granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis, (Muller) Simon., A. cf. ambigua, (Grun.) Simon., A. cf. distans (Ehrenb.) Simon., Cryptomonas spp. and Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, were always present. Phytoplankton abundance fluctuated between 29 (autumn) and 2129 (summer) ind/ml. The general dominance of Aulacoseira spp. could be related to the polymictic condition of the system. In cold months phytoplankton distribution was homogeneous among sampling stations, while in warm months, spatial heterogeneity was detected, suggesting that sampling stations can behave as independent compartments.
Assuntos
Lagos , Microalgas/classificação , Rios , Microalgas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano , UruguaiRESUMO
Laparoscopic hysterectomy is becoming a more common operation. Gasless laparoscopy initially seems to be a better technique, reducing CO2 complications and allowing the use of conventional instruments rather than more expensive laparoscopic tools. We report our experience with 50 cases of laparoscopic hysterectomies, 5 of which were performed using a gasless technique. Of these five cases, there were two cases of ureteral stenosis. Ureteral injuries are common with hysterectomy, even in nonlaparoscopic procedures, and the literature is replete with recommendations to avoid this damage. In the gasless procedure, the ureters cannot be repositioned completely from the cervix after the hydrodissection. Extreme caution must be taken when applying bipolar or monopolar energy. The abdominal cavity shape does not allow complete avoidance of the ureters using the gasless technique. We have decided not to use a gasless technique with hysterectomy. We believe that the actual complication rate may be higher than reported, due to investigators' reluctance to report such complications. Our hope is that this report will encourage other investigators to help establish a more accurate rate of possible complications associated with this procedure.
Assuntos
Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Ureter/lesões , Obstrução Ureteral/etiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Leiomioma/cirurgia , Medição de Risco , Obstrução Ureteral/cirurgia , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirurgiaRESUMO
For the past decade the Cuban Neuroscience Center has organized on behalf of the Ministry of Public Health of the Republic, a nationwide Program for the introduction of quantitative EEG (qEEG). This Program has involved a) development of standardized equipment for "paperless" EEG, qEEG and brain topography; b) establishment of a network of 21 laboratories of clinical neurophysiology; c) creation of the specialty of clinical neurophysiology which trains physicians from all provinces in both traditional and quantitative electrophysiological methods; d) introduction of standardized protocols for the collection of clinical and electrophysiological information; e) organization of a national normative and neuropsychiatric database; f) establishment of normative regression equations. Among the special issues discussed are: 1) relationship between traditional and quantitative methods; 2) evaluation of the effectiveness of the technology introduced; 3) use of qEEG in the early detection of brain dysfunction.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Eletroencefalografia , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Encefalopatias/classificação , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Criança , Cuba , Administração de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/fisiopatologia , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
The role of prostaglandins (Pg) in the pathogeny of periodontal disease is analyzed. For that purpose, 92 samples of gingivae were taken to the same number of patients (48 women and 44 men) aged 17-74 years, and were clinically classified according to Löe gingival index. Presence of prostaglandins was determined by thin layer chromatography. Presence or absence of PgE2 was related to sex, age, Löe gingival index and degree of inflammatory infiltrated. Although correlation between Löe gingival index and degree of inflammatory infiltrate has not an exactly correspondence, the first one offers a useful initial clinical orientation. To patients with higher degree of inflammation corresponded higher PgE2 concentrations. Possibility of using prostaglandin inhibiting drugs in the treatment of periodontal disease is stated.
Assuntos
Dinoprostona/análise , Gengivite/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Feminino , Gengiva/análise , Gengivite/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice PeriodontalRESUMO
En este trabajo se estudian los potenciales evocados auditivos de tallo cerebral (PEATC) obtenidos con tonos breves en un grupo de 10 adultos normales. Se utilizaron tonos breves de 500, 1000, 2000 y 4000 Hz a diferentes intensidades para obtener los registros de PEATC. La morfología de la respuesta se caracteriza por la presencia de 2 picos positivos y su variación en función de la intensidad es simular a la descrita por otros autores. Se construyeron curvas de regresión latencia vs intensidad y se compara su comportamiento de acuerdo a la frecuencia del estímulo
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Audiometria de Resposta Evocada , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos , Estimulação AcústicaRESUMO
El presente trabajo presenta un nuevo método para la detección de Potenciales Evocados en el dominio de la frecuencia. El cual consiste en la comparación de dos muestras de registros mediante la versión en el campo complejo del estadígrafo T2 de Hotelling para dos muestras. Una muestra está formada por segmentos de EEG y la otra por segmentos registrados durante la estimulación. Las curvas Características de Operación del Receptor muestran que una expresión aproximada del estadígrafo T2 de Hotelling para dos muestras es mejor que la medida de sincronía presentada por Fridman y que la expresión aproximada del estadígrafo T2 para una muestra desarrollada en nuestro grupo. Para determinar la composición espectral del Potencial Evocado se emplearon estadígrafos análogos. En el campo complejo, a la t de Student para una y dos muestras. Cuando está presente una señal independiente del estímulo sólo el estadígrafo para dos muestras es capaz de revelar la estructura espectral del PE
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos , Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Audiometria de Resposta Evocada , Eletroencefalografia , EstatísticaRESUMO
Muchos investigadores que utilizan el registro de los potenciales evocados auditivos de tallo cerebral (PEATC) para la identificación temprana de defectos auditivos han señalado que la proporción de niños con anomalias en este tipo de respuesta (PEATC positivo) se reduce en un segundo examen de confirmación. Se han discutido factores patológicos y técnicos como posibles explicaciones para este hecho. Con el propósito de estimar que proporción de las anomalias del PEATC pueden atribuirse a patologias subyacentes y cuáles se deben a problemas de tipo técnico, se siguieron desde el punto de vista audiológico, psicológico, neurológico electrofisiológico a un grupo de 78 niños procedentes del pesquisaje auditivo que se realiza en Ciudad Habana. Estos niños tuvieron resultados anormales transitorios o permanentes en un primer examen de anomalias transitorias del PEACT, que hubieron sido clasificados como falsos positivos, se deben a trastornos de tipo conductivo (41/78, 52,56%). En 9 niños (11,54%) se encontraron pérdidas auditivas sensorineurales u en otros 3 (3,85%) se pudo constatar anomalías neurológicas. Sólo en 20 niños (25,6%) no se encontró ningún tipo de patología subyacente que explicara el resultado anormal del PEACT y fueron clasificados como "falsos positivos". Se discuten las implicaciones de esta caracterización clínica y la sensibilidad de la técnica del PEACT para pesquisaje de defectos auditivos