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The aim of the research was to describe the scientific output of psychometric studies on screening instruments for depression in the Peruvian population. We carried out a descriptive study of the scientific literature in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO, with descriptors for depression, psychometric properties, and Peru. After the review process, we included 22 studies. We found validations of screening instruments for older adults, adults, adults with depression, adult women, pregnant women, health professionals, university students, high school students and children. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the most widely used instrument. Psychometric studies cover most populations; however, native people and clinical populations remain to be studied. The PHQ-9, due to its characteristics, could be implemented in mental health policies in Peru.
El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la producción científica sobre estudios psicométricos de instrumentos de tamizaje para la depresión en población peruana. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la literatura científica en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, con descriptores para depresión, propiedades psicométricas y Perú. Luego del proceso de revisión se incluyeron 22 estudios. Se encontraron validaciones de instrumentos de tamizaje en adultos mayores, adultos, adultos con depresión, mujeres adultas, mujeres embarazadas, profesionales de salud, estudiantes universitarios, estudiantes de secundaria y niños. El Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) fue el instrumento más estudiado. A pesar de que los estudios psicométricos cubren la mayoría de las poblaciones, quedan pendientes los pueblos originarios y poblaciones clínicas. El PHQ-9, por sus características, podría implementarse en las políticas de salud mental del Perú.
Assuntos
Política de Saúde , Gravidez , Criança , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , PeruRESUMO
RESUMEN: El objetivo de la investigación fue describir la producción científica sobre estudios psicométricos de instrumentos de tamizaje para la depresión en población peruana. Para ello, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de la literatura científica en Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SciELO, con descriptores para depresión, propiedades psicométricas y Perú. Luego del proceso de revisión se incluyeron 22 estudios. Se encontraron validaciones de instrumentos de tamizaje en adultos mayores, adultos, adultos con depresión, mujeres adultas, mujeres embarazadas, profesionales de salud, estudiantes universitarios, estudiantes de secundaria y niños. El Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) fue el instrumento más estudiado. A pesar de que los estudios psicométricos cubren la mayoría de las poblaciones, quedan pendientes los pueblos originarios y poblaciones clínicas. El PHQ-9, por sus características, podría implementarse en las políticas de salud mental del Perú.
ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to describe the scientific output of psychometric studies on screening instruments for depression in the Peruvian population. We carried out a descriptive study of the scientific literature in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and SciELO, with descriptors for depression, psychometric properties, and Peru. After the review process, we included 22 studies. We found validations of screening instruments for older adults, adults, adults with depression, adult women, pregnant women, health professionals, university students, high school students and children. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was the most widely used instrument. Psychometric studies cover most populations; however, native people and clinical populations remain to be studied. The PHQ-9, due to its characteristics, could be implemented in mental health policies in Peru.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Criança , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Psicometria , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/diagnóstico , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Peru , Bibliometria , Saúde Mental , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of all forms of malnutrition and socioeconomic status (SES), educational level and ethnicity in children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11-19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20-49 years) in Colombia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2010 Colombian National Nutrition Survey. The prevalence of malnutrition was compared across categories of SES, educational level and ethnicity. SETTING: Colombia. PARTICIPANTS: The sample for the current analysis comprised children <5 years, non-pregnant adolescent women (11-19 years) and non-pregnant adult women (20-49 years). RESULTS: In children <5 years, a low SES and maternal educational level were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity compared with high levels of SES and maternal education, that is, the prevalence of overweight/obesity was 1·4 and 1·6 times lower in categories of low SES and educational levels, respectively. In contrast, the prevalence of wasting, stunting and anaemia was higher in the lowest SES and maternal educational categories (the prevalence was between 1·1 and 1·8 times higher for these indicators). In women, the lowest SES (11 and 19 years) and educational levels (20 and 49 years) exhibited a higher prevalence in all forms of malnutrition compared with their counterparts in the highest categories (i.e. overweight/obesity, stunting and anaemia). Additionally, indigenous or Afro-Colombian children and women had the highest prevalence of malnutrition in comparison with other ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that public policies should address all forms of malnutrition that occur in the most vulnerable populations in Colombia using multiple strategies.
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Escolaridade , Etnicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Classe Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir las características sociodemográficas, clínicas e histopatológicas de pacientes con cáncer gástrico y su supervivencia a 1, 3 y 5 años luego de ser sometidos a gastrectomía en el Instituto de Cancerología (IDC)---Las Américas de Medellín entre el 2006 y 2011. Métodos: Se hizo una descripción retroprospectiva de pacientes diagnosticados con adenocarcinoma gástrico en un período de 5 años, usando estadísticas descriptivas y el método de Kaplan-Meier para estimar la supervivencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron 130 pacientes con una edad promedio de 62,2 años y la mayoría residentes en el Valle de Aburrá (78,5%). El tipo de cáncer más frecuente fue el intestinal (52%), con un alto predominio del tipo difuso; 30% de los pacientes tenía Helicobacter pylori, 20% de ellos tenía antecedentes familiares de cáncer gástrico y 35% eran tipo células en anillo de sello. Se realizó gastrectomía subtotal al 64% y el 47% recibió quimioterapia adyuvante. La supervivencia global fue del 81%, 54% y 48% a 1, 3 y 5 años, con mayor supervivencia en los pacientes menores de 55 años con cáncer de tipo difuso. Conclusiones: Los resultados de este estudio describen la presencia de cáncer gástrico usualmente en hombres, adultos mayores y de áreas montañosas, con algunos factores asociados como el antecedente familiar en primer grado y la presencia de H. pylori.
Objective: To describe the sociodemographic, clinical and histopathology characteristics of patients with gastric cancer and their survival at 1, 3 and 5 years after undergoing gastrectomy in the Instituto de Cancerología (IDC)-Las Américas between 2006 and 2011. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and prospective study was conducted with patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma during a period of five years. An analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate survival. Results: The study included 130 patients, with a mean age of 62.2 years, and the majority (78.5%) were residents in the Valle de Aburrá. The most common histological finding was the intestinal type (52%), with a high frequency of diffuse type. Helicobacter pyloriwas found in 30% of patients, 20% of them had a family history of gastric cancer, and 35% were signet ring cells type. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed on 64%, and 47% required adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall survival was 81%, 54%, and 48% at 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively, with longer survival in patients younger than 55 years with diffuse type of cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study describe the presence of gastric cancer, more often in men, older adults, and mountainous area residents, with associated factors such as first-degree family history and the presence of H. pylori.
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Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Gástricas , Helicobacter pylori , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Sobrevivência , Gastrectomia , Pacientes , Adenocarcinoma , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies on diabetic foot and its complications involving a significant and representative sample of patients in South American countries are scarce. The main objective of this study was to acquire clinical and epidemiological data on a large cohort of diabetic patients from 19 centers from Brazil and focus on factors that could be associated with the risk of ulcer and amputation. METHODS: This study presents cross sectional, baseline results of the BRAZUPA Study. A total of 1455 patients were included. Parameters recorded included age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes and comorbidity-related records, previous ulcer or amputation, clinical symptomatic score, foot classification and microvascular complications. RESULTS: Patients with ulcer had longer disease duration (17.2 ± 9.9 vs. 13.2 ± 9.4 years; p < 0.001), and poorer glycemic control (HbA1c 9.23 ± 2.03 vs. 8.35 ± 1.99; p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for ulcer were male gender (OR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.2-3.7), smoking (OR 1.78; 95 % CI 1.09-2.89), neuroischemic foot (OR 20.34; 95 % CI 9.31-44.38), region of origin (higher risk for those from developed regions, OR 2.39; 95 % CI 1.47-3.87), presence of retinopathy (OR 1.68; 95 % CI 1.08-2.62) and absence of vibratory sensation (OR 7.95; 95 % CI 4.65-13.59). Risk factors for amputation were male gender (OR 2.12; 95 % CI 1.2-3.73), type 2 diabetes (OR 3.33; 95 % CI 1.01-11.1), foot at risk classification (higher risk for ischemic foot, OR 19.63; 95 % CI 3.43-112.5), hypertension (lower risk, OR 0.3; 95 % CI 0.14-0.63), region of origin (South/Southeast, OR 2.2; 95 % CI 1.1-4.42), previous history of ulcer (OR 9.66; 95 % CI 4.67-19.98) and altered vibratory sensation (OR 3.46; 95 % CI 1.64-7.33). There was no association between either outcome and ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Ulcer and amputation rates were high. Age at presentation was low and patients with ulcer presented a higher prevalence of neuropathy compared to ischemic foot at risk. Ischemic disease was more associated with amputations. Ethnical differences were not of great importance in a miscegenated population.
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Mutations of the steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 (SRD5A2) gene in 46,XY subjects cause masculinization defects of varying degrees, due to reduced or impaired enzymatic activity. In this study, sequence abnormalities of the SRD5A2 gene were assessed by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers and automated sequencing analysis in DNA samples from 20 patients with suspected steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency from 18 Brazilian families. Eleven subjects presented SRD5A2 homozygous single-base mutations (two first cousins and four unrelated patients with G183S, two with R246W, one with del642T, one with G196S, and one with 217_218insC plus the A49T variant in heterozygosis), whereas four were compound heterozygotes (one with Q126R/IVS3+1G>A, one with Q126R/del418T, and two brothers with Q126R/G158R). Three patients were heterozygous for A207D, G196S, and R266W substitutions. The V89L polymorphism was found in heterozygosis in one of them (with A207D) and in one case with an otherwise normal gene sequence. The A49T variant was also detected in heterozygosis in the second case without other sequencing abnormalities. Four patients harbor yet non-described SRD5A2 gene mutations: a single nucleotide deletion (del642T), a G158R amino acid substitution, a splice junction mutation (IVS3+1G>A), and the insertion of a cytosine (217_218insC) occurring at a CCCC motif. This is the first report of a single-nucleotide insertion in the coding sequence of the SRD5A2 gene. In addition to these new mutations, this investigation reveals the prevalence of G183S substitution among a subset of African-Brazilian patients and presents evidences of the recurrence of already known mutations.
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3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/deficiência , 3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/genética , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/enzimologia , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/genética , Efeito Fundador , Mutação/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Consanguinidade , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
OBJETIVO: Apresentar a experiência relativa a pacientes com deficiência da enzima 5alfa-redutase tipo 2 provenientes de três serviços distintos no Brasil. CASUíSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 25 pacientes com sinais clínicos e hormonais de deficiência da 5alfa-redutase 2 pertencentes a 23 famílias, 15 oriundas da Bahia, 7 de São Paulo e 1 de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados dados clínicos, hormonais e moleculares. A análise molecular dos 5 éxons do gene SRD5A2 foi feita por meio da técnica de PCR, seguida de seqüenciamento automático ou manual. RESULTADOS: Em 10 famílias havia mutações no gene SRD5A2 em homozigose (5 com G183S, 2 com R246W, 1 com G196S, 1 com del642T, 1 com 217_218insC) e em 3 em heterozigose composta (1 com Q126R/IVS3+1G>A, 1 com Q126R/del418T e 1 com Q126R/G158R); em 3 casos os afetados eram heterozigotos, apresentando apenas uma mutação deletéria (1 com G196S, 1 com A207D e 1 com R246W). Em 7 casos não foram detectadas anormalidades ao seqüenciamento. Observou-se maior freqüência da G183S em pacientes miscigenados (Afro-Euro-Brasileiros) oriundos da Bahia. Os achados clínicos e hormonais não diferiram entre os casos com e sem mutação, à exceção da freqüência de consangüinidade e da maior gravidade da ambigüidade genital nos primeiros. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados salientam a importância da investigação molecular para o diagnóstico dessa doença, ressaltando o achado de uma mutação bastante freqüente em nosso meio (G183S), especialmente em pacientes miscigenados oriundos da Bahia, e a descrição de mutações que até o momento só foram relatadas em pacientes brasileiros.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual , /deficiência , Brasil , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual , Mutação , /genéticaRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from 14 patients whose age ranged from 21 days to 29 years were analyzed according to age and pubertal stage. Sexual ambiguity was rated as Prader III in 11 patients. LH, FSH, testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and AMH serum levels were measured in all but two patients, who had been previously submitted to gonadectomy; T and DHT were also measured in 20 age-matched controls. RESULTS: Gonadotropin levels were normal in all but one patient who retained gonads (six of whom had reached puberty) and T/DHT ratio was elevated in all patients when compared to controls. All prepubertal patients had AMH levels < -1 SD for age, while most pubertal patients had AMH levels compatible with pubertal stage. CONCLUSIONS: Prepubertal patients with 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency have AMH values in the lower part of the normal range. These data indicate that T does not need to be converted to DHT to inhibit AMH secretion by Sertoli cells.
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3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/deficiência , Glicoproteínas/fisiologia , Hormônios Testiculares/fisiologia , 3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Hormônio Antimülleriano , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Di-Hidrotestosterona/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Orquiectomia , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To report the experience regarding patients with steroid 5alpha-reductase type 2 deficiency from three different clinical services in Brazil. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: Twenty five patients with clinical and hormonal features of 5alpha-reductase deficiency from 23 families (15 from Bahia, 7 from São Paulo and 1 from Minas Gerais) were included in this study. Clinical, hormonal and molecular data were evaluated. The molecular analysis of the five exons of the SRD5A2 gene was done by automatic or manual sequencing of PCR products. RESULTS: In ten families, SRD5A2 mutations were found in homozygosis (5 with G183S, 2 with R246W, 1 with G196S, 1 with del642T, 1 with 217_218insC), in three in compound heterozygosis (1 with Q126R/IVS3+1G>A, 1 with Q126R/del418T, 1 with Q126R/G158R) while other three were heterozygous, with only one deleterious mutation (1 with G196S, 1 with A207D, and 1 with R246W). In seven cases, no sequencing abnormalities were detected. The G183S substitution was the most frequently found among miscegenated patients (Afro-Euro-Brazilians) from Bahia. Hormonal and clinical findings did not differ between patients with or without mutations, exception made to a higher frequency of consanguinity and greater severity of genital ambiguity in the first group. CONCLUSION: Our results reinforce the importance of molecular investigation for the diagnosis of this disease and point out to the finding of a very frequent mutation (G183S) in our series, especially in patients with mixed ethnic background from Bahia, and the description of mutations that have only been reported in Brazilian patients so far.
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3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/deficiência , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/enzimologia , 3-Oxo-5-alfa-Esteroide 4-Desidrogenase/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos do Desenvolvimento Sexual/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , MutaçãoRESUMO
A investigaçäo etiológica das ambigüidades genitais com cariótipo 46,XY apresenta dificuldades freqüentes. A funçäo testicular tem sido tradicionalmente avaliada pela capacidade esteroidogênica das célulacs de Leydig e pela espermatogênese. Recentemente, demonstrou-se qua a avaliaçäo sérica do hormônio anti-mülleriano (HAM)como marcador da funçäo das célilas de Sertoli pode ser de grande valia nesta investigaçäo. O objetivo desta revisäo é apresentar aspectos históricos e fisiológicos do HAM, e sua utilidade na investigaçäo diagnóstica de pacientes com intersexo. Também é mostrada a experiência dos autores na avaliaçäo de intersexo com dosagens combinadas de andrógenos, HAM e testosterona.