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Resumen: Introducción: Como consecuencia del daño directo provocado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 sobre el corazón se producen alteraciones electrocardiográficas. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre las alteraciones electrocardiográficas intrahospitalarias, con los antecedentes cardiovasculares y su evolución hospitalaria. Materiales y método: Estudio de cohortes, prospectivo, analítico, en 373 pacientes con el diagnóstico positivo de enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Docente "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" (La Habana, Cuba) entre marzo del 2020 y octubre del mismo año. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 69 (RIC 57-77); el 14.2% de los pacientes presentó fibrilación auricular, el 8,3% bloqueo de rama derecha y el 4.8% alteraciones del segmento ST. La edad, los antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus se identificaron como variables predictoras independientes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas (RR 1.02; IC 95%: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.007; 2.21; IC 95%: 1.19-4.10, p = 0.012 y RR 1.71; IC 95%: 1.04-2.85, p = 0.036, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes hospitalizados con el nuevo coronavirus fue mayor comparada con otras series. Los antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica y diabetes mellitus, además de la edad, se identificaron como variables predictoras independientes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes con afección grave por la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus 2019.
Abstract: Introduction: As a consequence of the direct damage caused by the virus on the heart, electrocardiographic alterations occur. Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between in-hospital electrocardiographic alterations with cardiovascular history and hospital evolution. Materials and method: Analytical prospective cohort study in 373 patients with a positive diagnosis of disease due to the new coronavirus 2019 who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" Universitary Hospital (Havana, Cuba) between March 2020 and October of the same year. Results: The median age was 69 (IQR; 57-77), 14.2% of patients had atrial fibrillation, 8.3% right bundle branch block, and 4.8% ST-segment abnormalities. Age, history of ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent predictor variables of electrocardiographic abnormalities (RR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, p = 0.007; RR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.19-4.10, p = 0.012 and RR 1.71 95% CI: 1.04-2.85, p = 0.036, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in hospitalized patients with the new coronavirus was higher compared to other series. History of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus, in addition to age, were identified as independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients severely affected by the new coronavirus disease 2019.
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The superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the principal antioxidant defense system in the body that is activated by a reactive oxygen species. Some variants of the SOD2 gene have been associated with cancer. The rs4880 variant was determined by PCR real-time and the rs5746136 variant by PCR-RFLP in healthy subjects and in breast cancer (BC) patients. The rs4880 and rs5746136 variants were associated with BC susceptibility when BC patients and the control group were compared for the CT, TT, CTCC, and the T alleles (p < 0.05). The CT genotype of the rs4880 variant showed significant statistical differences in patients and controls aged ≤ 45 years old, and with hormonal consumption (p < 0.05). The rs4880 variant was associated with BC patients with CTTT genotype and obesity, the presence of DM2-SAH, and a non-chemotherapy response (p < 0.05). Additionally, the rs5746136 variant was associated with susceptibility to BC with Ki-67 (≥20%), luminal A type BC, and a chemotherapy partial response (p < 0.05) in BC patients who carry TT, TC, and CTTT genotypes, respectively. The haplotype T/T (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.20−3.26, p = 0.005) was observed to be a risk factor for BC. The rs4880 and rs5746136 variants in the SOD2 gene were associated with BC susceptibility.
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OBJECTIVE: Lupus nephritis is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and it has been estimated that can occur in up to 60% of patients. Direct costs of lupus nephritis have not been studied in developing countries. This study aimed to describe lupus nephritis direct costs in Colombia. METHODS: Administrative data from two Colombian health maintenance organizations for 2014 and 2015 was obtained. An algorithm based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision codes was developed to identify patients with lupus nephritis and lupus nephritis under study. RESULTS: The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost for lupus nephritis was US$ 12,624, 7.5 times higher than the average lupus patient without lupus nephritis. For lupus nephritis cases under study, estimated direct cost was US$ 3,664, 2 times higher than average lupus patient in Colombia. Difference in lupus nephritis patients is mainly accounted for the cost and frequency of procedures, exceeding by a factor of 5 the cost for durable medical equipment and the cost for drugs, respectively. CONCLUSION: Lupus patients who progress to lupus nephritis stage increased seven-fold the average annual per-patient, all-claims, and all-cause direct cost for the Colombian health system.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Nefrite Lúpica , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Nefrite Lúpica/complicaçõesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective Lupus nephritis is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus and it has been estimated that can occur in up to 60% of patients. Direct costs of lupus nephritis have not been studied in developing countries. This study aimed to describe lupus nephritis direct costs in Colombia. Methods Administrative data from two Colombian health maintenance organizations for 2014 and 2015 was obtained. An algorithm based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision codes was developed to identify patients with lupus nephritis and lupus nephritis under study. Results The average annual per-patient, all-claims, all-cause direct cost for lupus nephritis was US$ 12,624, 7.5 times higher than the average lupus patient without lupus nephritis. For lupus nephritis cases under study, estimated direct cost was US$ 3,664, 2 times higher than average lupus patient in Colombia. Difference in lupus nephritis patients is mainly accounted for the cost and frequency of procedures, exceeding by a factor of 5 the cost for durable medical equipment and the cost for drugs, respectively. Conclusion Lupus patients who progress to lupus nephritis stage increased seven-fold the average annual per-patient, all-claims, and all-cause direct cost for the Colombian health system.
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RESUMEN La trombosis muy tardía de stent es un fenómeno de baja frecuencia, pero de elevada morbilidad y mortalidad. Dentro de sus factores predisponentes se encuentran parámetros clínicos, anatómicos y relacionados con el procedimiento. Múltiples son los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que se plantean como responsables de la trombosis de stent. El tratamiento de esta complicación consiste en intentar restaurar el flujo del vaso lo antes posible. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con el diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST secundario a trombosis muy tardía de stent metálico convencional (20 meses), tratado exitosamente mediante intervencionismo coronario percutáneo con dos stents liberadores de sirolimus.
ABSTRACT Very late stent thrombosis is a rare complication but with high morbidity and mortality. Predisposing factors include clinical, anatomical and procedure-related parameters. Many pathophysiological mechanisms are considered to be responsible for stent thrombosis. The treatment of this complication consists of attempting to restore blood flow as soon as possible. We present the case of an individual diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after very late thrombosis of conventional bare metal stent (20 months). The patient was successfully treated by percutaneous coronary intervention with two sirolimus-eluting stents.
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In Costa Rica, two species of Psidium fruits, P. guajava and P. friedrichsthalianum, are widely consumed as food and used in folk medicine. Although studies have revealed the health effects of these fruits, there has been little research showing the antiplatelet activity of these species. This work evaluated the antiplatelet potential of aqueous extracts made from leaves and fruits of pink guava and Costa Rican guava. Platelet aggregation was induced by the platelet agonists ADP, TRAP-6, collagen and PMA. Platelet activation and secretion were studied using flow cytometry. The chemical profiles of the four extracts were characterized using UPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS. The studies revealed that the aqueous extracts of leaves and fruits of P. guajava and P. friedrichsthalianum inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP (4 µM), TRAP-6 (5 µM), collagen (1 µg mL-1) and PMA (100 nM), and the effect was dependent on the extract concentration. Extracts of leaves and fruits of pink guava and Costa Rican guava reduced secretion of P-selectin and activation of GP IIb/IIIa. The extracts of leaves and fruits of pink guava and Costa Rican guava proved to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, mainly quercetin aglycones and proanthocyanidins derived from (epi) catechin units. Other compounds such as ellagitannins, and benzophenones were also putatively identified. This research showed that P. guajava and P. friedrichsthalianum could potentially be used for the prevention of thrombotic events.
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Psidium , Costa Rica , Frutas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Polifenóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
In the articulation between research and health intervention, we see the need to situate comprehensive sexuality education in the triangle formed by the salutogenic approach, the mainstreaming of gender and human rights, and the development of competencies in health promotion. For this purpose, we present a set of investigations carried out in Ecuador and Spain through a qualitative methodology with the respective health interventions that seek to obtain significant results of the teaching-learning process on sexuality. The field work contemplates situations of violence as a health problem, orienting the intervention in health empowerment toward pleasure. The health education experiences implemented allow us to conclude that comprehensive sexuality education reinforces the competencies of health personnel to attend to diversity. These findings, and the results expected in ongoing research, allow us to form a competency framework aimed at specifically improving medical education so that medical professionals can generate health processes with a cross-cutting approach to gender and human rights.
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Direitos Humanos , Sexualidade , Equador , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the therapy of cancer, several treatments have been designed using nanomaterials, among which gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been featured as a promising antitumoral agent. Our research group has developed the synthesis of gold nanoparticles L-AuNPs and D-AuNPs stabilized with zwitterions of imidazolium (L-1 and D-1) derived from L-methionine and D-methionine. Because the stabilizer agent is chiral, we observed through circular dichroism that AuNPs also present chirality; such chirality as well as the fact that the stabilizing agent contains fragments of methionine and imidazolium that are commonly involved in biological processes, opens up the possibility that this system may have biological compatibility. Additionally, the presence of methionine in the stabilizing agent opens the application of this system as a possible antitumor agent because methionine is involved in methylation processes of molecules such as DNA. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is the evaluation of the antitumor activity of gold nanoparticles stabilized with zwitterions of imidazolium (L-AuNPs) derived from L-methionine in the model of BALB/c mice with lymphoma L5178Y. METHODS: Taking as a parameter cell density, the evaluation of the inhibitory effect of L-AuNPs was carried out with a series of in vivo tests in BALB/c type mice; three groups of five mice each were formed (Groups 1, 2 and 3); all mice were i.p. inoculated with the lymphoblast murine L5178Y. Group 1 consisted of mice without treatment. In the Groups 2 and 3 the mice were treated with L-AuNPs at 0.3 mg/Kg on days 1, 7 and 14 by orally and intraperitonally respectively. RESULTS: These results show low antitumor activity of these gold nanoparticles (L-NPsAu) but interestingly, the imidazolium stabilizing agent of gold nanoparticle (L-1) displayed promising antitumor activity. On the other hand, the enantiomer of L-1, (D-1) as well as asymmetric imidazole derivate from L-methionine (L-2), do not exhibit the same activity as L-1. CONCLUSION: The imidazolium stabilizing agent (L-1) displayed promising antitumor activity. Modifications in the structure of L-1 showed that, the stereochemistry (like D-1) and the presence of methionine fragments (like L-2) are determinants in the antitumor activity of this compound.
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Imidazóis/química , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Linfoma/patologia , Metionina/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ouro/química , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Metilação , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
RESUMEN El bloqueo de rama enmascarado es una forma poco frecuente de bloqueo bifascicular de la cual se desconoce su mecanismo con exactitud. Es más frecuente encontrarlo en pacientes de edad avanzada o aquellos con una cardiopatía estructural como: enfermedad coronaria, hipertrofia ventricular, miocardiopatías, miocarditis chagásica y degeneración idiopática del sistema excitoconductor del corazón. Su diagnóstico electrocardiográfico se obtiene por la presencia de ondas R altas y anchas en V1 (patrón de bloqueo de rama derecha), desviación del eje eléctrico a la izquierda (entre -80 y -120 grados) y una onda S inferior a 1 mm o ausente en DI y aVL. Su presencia denota un factor de mal pronóstico en los pacientes.
ABSTRACT Masquerading bundle branch block is a rare form of bifascicular block, whose exact mechanism is unknown. It is more frequently found in elderly patients or those with structural heart disease such as: coronary artery disease, ventricular hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, Chagas myocarditis and idiopathic degeneration of the cardiac conduction system. Its electrocardiographic diagnosis is obtained by the presence of high and wide R waves in V1 (right bundle branch block pattern), left axis deviation (between -80 and -120 degrees) and an S wave of less than 1 mm or absent in I and aVL leads. Its presence denotes a poor prognostic factor in patients.
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Bloqueio de Ramo , DiagnósticoRESUMO
The neural circuits involved in mediating complex behaviors are being rapidly elucidated using various newly developed and powerful anatomical and molecular techniques, providing insights into the neural basis for anxiety disorders, depression, addiction, and dysfunctional social behaviors. Many of these behaviors and associated physiological processes involve the activation of the amygdala in conjunction with cortical and hippocampal circuits. Ascending subcortical projections provide modulatory inputs to the extended amygdala and its related nodes (or "hubs") within these key circuits. One such input arises from the nucleus incertus (NI) in the tegmentum, which sends amino acid- and peptide-containing projections throughout the forebrain. Notably, a distinct population of GABAergic NI neurons expresses the highly-conserved neuropeptide, relaxin-3, and relaxin-3 signaling has been implicated in the modulation of reward/motivation and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors in rodents via actions within the extended amygdala. Thus, a detailed description of the relaxin-3 innervation of the extended amygdala would provide an anatomical framework for an improved understanding of NI and relaxin-3 modulation of these and other specific amygdala-related functions. Therefore, in this study, we examined the distribution of NI projections and relaxin-3-positive elements (axons/fibers/terminals) within the amygdala, relative to the distribution of neurons expressing the calcium-binding proteins, parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and/or calbindin. Anterograde tracer injections into the NI revealed a topographic distribution of NI efferents within the amygdala that was near identical to the distribution of relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers. Highest densities of anterogradely-labeled elements and relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers were observed in the medial nucleus of the amygdala, medial divisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and in the endopiriform nucleus. In contrast, sparse anterogradely-labeled and relaxin-3-immunoreactive fibers were observed in other amygdala nuclei, including the lateral, central and basal nuclei, while the nucleus accumbens lacked any innervation. Using synaptophysin as a synaptic marker, we identified relaxin-3 positive synaptic terminals in the medial amygdala, BST and endopiriform nucleus of amygdala. Our findings demonstrate the existence of topographic NI and relaxin-3-containing projections to specific nuclei of the extended amygdala, consistent with a likely role for this putative integrative arousal system in the regulation of amygdala-dependent social and emotional behaviors.
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To evaluate the effect of Artemisia dracunculus on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in 24 patients with diagnosis of IGT. Before and after the intervention, glucose and insulin levels were measured every 30 min for 2 h after a 75-g dextrose load, along with glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and lipid profile. Twelve patients received A. dracunculus (1000 mg) before breakfast and dinner for 90 days; the remaining 12 patients received placebo. Area under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, total insulin secretion, first phase of insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity were calculated. Wilcoxon signed-rank, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analyses. The institutional ethics committee approved the protocol. After A. dracunculus administration, there were significant decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP; 120.0 ± 11.3 vs. 113.0 ± 11.2 mmHg, P < .05), A1C (5.8 ± 0.3 vs. 5.6% ± 0.4%, P < .05), AUC of insulin (56,136.0 ± 27,426.0 vs. 44,472.0 ± 23,370.0 pmol/L, P < .05), and total insulin secretion (0.45 ± 0.23 vs. 0.35 ± 0.18, P < .05), with a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.3 mmol/L, P < .05). There were no significant differences after placebo administration. A. dracunculus administration for 90 days in patients with IGT significantly decreased SBP, A1C, AUC of insulin, and total insulin secretion with a significant increase in HDL-C levels.
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Artemisia/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Intolerância à Glucose/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Resistência à Insulina , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/metabolismo , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate consumers' acceptance of a peach palm snack and to determine its potential as a functional food by chemical characterization. An assessment was conducted with 100 consumers to determine the acceptance of different snack formulations and the results were subjected to cluster analysis. This analysis revealed two groups. Group 2 included people that consume snacks and peach palm frequently and showed the highest grades for the snack evaluated characteristics. All the consumers in group 2 and approximately 85% of the consumers in group 1 indicated that they would buy the product suggesting that there is a niche market for the developed peach palm snack. Also, a qualitative evaluation, using mini focus groups, of the two most widely accepted formulas of the snack (chosen according to previously described study) was performed. The sessions considered the opinion of middle class professionals and housewives. It was determined that the combination of tara gum and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) allows a positive synergistic effect on the sensory characteristics of the snack, highlighting natural peach flavor and improving crunchiness. In a dry basis, the snack contains per 100 g: 9 ± 4 g of fat, 14.0 ± 0.3 g of dietary fiber, 15500 ± 32 µg of carotenoids and has an antioxidant capacity of 4700 ± 8 µmol TE, which demonstrates its potential as a functional food.
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Arecaceae , Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimento Funcional/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Lanches , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la aceptación de 4 formulaciones de un bocadillo de pejibaye combinado con harina de maíz, por consumidores; así como determinar su potencial como alimento funcional. Se evaluó el agrado a las 4 formulaciones, en 100 consumidores de bocadillos y los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de conglomerados. Los resultados se conformaron en dos conglomerados, en donde el 2 fue el que otorgó mejores calificaciones a las características evaluadas. En dicho conglomerado, quedaron la mayoría de las personas que consumen más frecuentemente bocadillos y pejibaye. Todos los consumidores del conglomerado 2 y aproximadamente el 85% del grupo 1 indicaron que comprarían el producto, por lo que se concluyó que hay un nicho de mercado para el bocadillo de pejibaye. Posteriormente, se realizó una evaluación cualitativa con los dos productos de mayor aceptación según el estudio cuantitativo. Se realizaron 2 sesiones con participantes de clase media-media: una con profesionales y otra con amas de casa. Se determinó que la combinación de goma tara y carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) permite obtener un efecto sinérgico positivo para las características sensoriales de los bocadillos de pejibaye: la goma resalta el sabor natural a pejibaye y la CMC mejora la crujencia. El bocadillo contiene en 100 g de producto en base seca: 9 ± 4 g de grasa, 14,0 ± 0,3 g de fibra dietética, 15500 ± 32 μg de carotenoides y tiene una capacidad antioxidante de 4700 ± 8 μmol TE, lo que evidencia su potencial como alimento funcional.
The aim of this study was to evaluate consumers acceptance of a peach palm snack and to determine its potential as a functional food by chemical characterization. An assessment was conducted with 100 consumers to determine the acceptance of different snack formulations and the results were subjected to cluster analysis. This analysis revealed two groups. Group 2 included people that consume snacks and peach palm frequently and showed the highest grades for the snack evaluated characteristics. All the consumers in group 2 and approximately 85% of the consumers in group 1 indicated that they would buy the product suggesting that there is a niche market for the developed peach palm snack. Also, a qualitative evaluation, using mini focus groups, of the two most widely accepted formulas of the snack (chosen according to previously described study) was performed. The sessions considered the opinion of middle class professionals and housewives. It was determined that the combination of tara gum and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) allows a positive synergistic effect on the sensory characteristics of the snack, highlighting natural peach flavor and improving crunchiness. In a dry basis, the snack contains per 100 g: 9 ± 4 g of fat, 14.0 ± 0.3 g of dietary fiber, 15500 ± 32 μg of carotenoids and has an antioxidant capacity of 4700 ± 8 μmol TE, which demonstrates its potential as a functional food.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Arecaceae , Comportamento do Consumidor , Alimento Funcional/análise , Valor Nutritivo , LanchesRESUMO
Objetivo: determinar la estructura de la mortalidad evitable en Medellín entre 2004 y 2009 y de los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos (apvp). Metodología: en un estudio descriptivo con información del dane, se utilizó el Inventario de Causas de Mortalidad Evitable (icme) propuesto por Gómez 2006. Se calcularon las tasas medianas ajustadas de mortalidad evitable por edad, sexo y año, cuyo denominador utilizado fue el de la población de Medellín correspondiente al periodo indicado. Se calcularon los apvp para cada causa evitable sumando para todas muertes el resultado obtenido de diferenciar la esperanza de vida, la de Colombia en el 2009 y la edad de la muerte. Estos apvp se ajustaron por el método directo, con población estándar la de Colombia. Resultados: en el sexenio, el 48,9% de las defunciones (35.046) se consideraron evitables, con predominio de las relacionadas con las medidas mixtas, 875,1 por cada cien mil habitantes, preferiblemente en los hombres y a los 36 años o menos en el 50% de los casos. En este grupo, las causas violentas constituyeron el 58% de las defunciones en una relación de 7 a 1 a favor de los hombres. Los apvp para 2009 se incrementaron con respecto a los años anteriores en un 22,9%. Conclusión: se observó un gradiente positivo de la mortalidad evitable, esto es, a años más recientes mayor es el indicador de la misma. En el período de estudio las tasas de mortalidad evitable para los hombres, en general y en cada año fueron mayores que las de las mujeres...
Objective: to determine the structure of avoidable mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost (ypll) in Medellín in the period 2004-2009). Methodology: in a descriptive study using data from the dane, the inventory of Causes of Avoidable Mortality (icme) proposed by Gómez in 2006 was used. The median rates of avoidable mortality adjusted for age, sex and year were calculated, and the population of Medellin between 2004 and 2009 was used as denominator. The ypll were calculated for each cause of Avoidable death by summing the difference between the life expectancy of Colombia in 2009 and the age of death. These ypll were adjusted using the direct method and the standard population of Colombia. Results: in the six years of the study, 48.9% of the deaths (35,046) were considered avoidable. Deaths related to mixed measures were predominant (875.1 per hundred thousand inhabitants); these deaths were higher for men, and the median age was 36 years old or younger in 50% of the cases. In this group, violent causes accounted for 58% of the deaths, showing a ratio of 7:1 in favor of men. In 2009, the amount of ypll increased in 22.9% compared to the previous year. Conclusion: in this study, a positive gradient of avoidable mortality was observed, that is to say, the value of the avoidable mortality indicator is higher for more recent years. Similarly, the rates of avoidable mortality were higher for men than for women during the studied period, both for each year and in general...
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Humanos , Mortalidade , Expectativa de VidaRESUMO
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (280-320 nm) spectrum, is the primary environmental stimulus leading to skin carcinogenesis. Several botanical species with antioxidant properties have shown photochemopreventive effects against UVB damage. Costa Rica's tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) contains important levels of phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins and anthocyanins, with strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we examined the photochemopreventive effect of R. adenotrichos blackberry juice (BBJ) on UVB-mediated responses in human epidermal keratinocytes and in a three-dimensional (3D) reconstituted normal human skin equivalent (SE). Pretreatment (2 h) and posttreatment (24 h) of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) with BBJ reduced UVB (25 mJ cm(-2))-mediated (1) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (2) 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation. Furthermore, treatment of NHEKs with BBJ increased UVB-mediated (1) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and (2) activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9. Thus, BBJ seems to alleviate UVB-induced effects by reducing DNA damage and increasing apoptosis of damaged cells. To establish the in vivo significance of these findings to human skin, immunohistochemistry studies were performed in a 3D SE model, where BBJ was also found to decrease CPDs formation. These data suggest that BBJ may be developed as an agent to ameliorate UV-induced skin damage.
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Frutas/química , Queratinócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Queratinócitos/efeitos da radiação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Protetores contra Radiação/farmacologia , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Dano ao DNA , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo , Pele/citologia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
This study evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in a polyphenol extract from blackberries. The antioxidant activity measured via oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was higher for the blackberry extract (4339 ± 144 µM TE/g) than for quercetin and ellagic acid. The blackberry phenolic compounds protected liposomes and liver homogenates against lipid peroxidation; in both models, the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 7.0 ± 0.5 and 20.3 ± 4.2 µg/mL, respectively) was greater than that found with Trolox. The extract inhibited superoxide production by NADPH oxidase in THP-1 cells and nitrite production in J774A.1 cells stimulated with LPS+IFNγ, with nitrite production decreasing after 4 h of incubation with the extract, mainly through a strong scavenging activity. However, 24 h of treatment reduced the amount of nitrites (IC50 = 45.6 ± 1.2 µg/mL) because of a down-regulation of iNOS protein expression, as demonstrated by Western blotting. The inhibitory activities found in blackberry phenols suggest a potential beneficial effect against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.
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Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Antioxidantes/química , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frutas/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Rosaceae/química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Costa Rica , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Monócitos/metabolismo , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Rosaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Clima TropicalRESUMO
The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of a foods potential to increase postprandial blood glucose, as compared to the effect produced by food taken as reference, such as glucose or white bread. Currently researchers and consumers are interested in low GI foods, since their consumption is associated with better weight control and reduced risk of incidence of chronic diseases, like diabetes. In the present study, the GI value for peach palm cooked fruit, peach palm chips and pitahaya pulp was estimated. The methodology established by the FAO / WHO for determining the GI of food was used. A total of 12 healthy, non-smoking volunteers were selected and they ingested the fore mentioned foods on different occasions, in 25 g portions of available carbohydrates, after 12-14h overnight fast. Blood glucose levels were measured in 30 min intervals up to 120 min after ingestion. Average GI value was 48 ± 11 for the pitahaya pulp and 35 ± 6 for the peach palm cooked fruit, which may be classified as low glyceamic index foods. The GI of peach palm chips was 60 ± 7, corresponding to a food with a moderate GI. The processing for producing the chips caused an increase in the GI value when compared to the cooked fruit, probably because the stages of milling, moulding and baking promote availability of starch during hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes.
Estimación del índice glicémico del fruto cocido y de chips de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) y de la pulpa de pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.). El índice glicémico (GI) es una medida fisiológica del potencial de un alimento para incrementar la glucosa sanguínea, en comparación con el efecto producido por un alimento de referencia, tal como la glucosa o el pan blanco. Los investigadores y consumidores tienen interés en los alimentos de bajo GI, dado que su consumo está asociado con un mejor control del peso corporal y una reducción del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes. En el presente estudio se determinó el valor de GI del fruto cocido de pejibaye, de los chips horneados de pejibaye y de la pulpa de pitahaya. Se seleccionaron 12 voluntarios, aparentemente sanos, no fumadores, los cuales consumieron los alimentos evaluados y el alimento de referencia (pan blanco), en una porción que contuviera 25 g de carbohidratos disponibles, después de un período de ayuno de 12-14 h. Los niveles de glucosa en sangre fueron medidos en intervalos de 30 min hasta 120 min después de la ingesta. Se obtuvo un valor promedio de GI de 48 ± 11 para la pitahaya y de 35 ± 6 para el pejibaye cocido, los cuales pueden ser clasificados como alimentos de bajo índice glicémico. El valor de GI de los chips de pejibaye fue de 60 ± 7, lo que corresponde a un alimento de GI moderado. Se encontró que el procesamiento para la obtención de los chips produjo un aumento en el valor del GI, en comparación con el obtenido para la fruta cocida, probablemente debido a que las etapas de molienda, moldeo y horneo favorecen la disponibilidad del almidón para su hidrólisis por parte de las enzimas digestivas.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Arecaceae/química , Glicemia/análise , Cactaceae/química , Frutas/química , Índice Glicêmico , Pão , Culinária , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Some studies, that consider polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene as risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), have reported discordant results. The aim of the present study was to search for associations between plasma lipid profiles with the DNA Xba I polymorphism of the APOB gene in CAD patients diagnosed by angiography (CAD+). In the present study we compared 114 Mexican patients (80 men and 34 women) with CAD+ and 132 control patients (59 men and 73 women) without evidence of ischemia or arterial damage (CAD-). The frequency of X+/X+ genotype of Xba I polymorphism, in CAD+ group, was 23% (26/114) compared with 8% (11/132) in the CAD- (OR 3.25, p = 0.002). The patients with X+/X+ for the Xba I genotype APOB gene had higher concentration of triglycerides (TG) and VLDL in plasma than CAD- (p< 0.05). The genotype X+/X+ in the CAD had an effect increasing the TG and VLDL plasma levels when compared with individuals with X-/X- and X-/X+ genotypes. The present study indicated that the X+X+ genotype of Xba I polymorphism is associated with CAD+ patients and high plasma levels of TG and VLDL, in the Mexican population.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteínas B/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangue , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Idoso , Alelos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etnologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Homozigoto , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/etnologia , Hipercolesterolemia/genética , Hipertrigliceridemia/etnologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
The glycaemic index (GI) is a physiological measure of a food's potential to increase postprandial blood glucose, as compared to the effect produced by food taken as reference, such as glucose or white bread. Currently researchers and consumers are interested in low GI foods, since their consumption is associated with better weight control and reduced risk of incidence of chronic diseases, like diabetes. In the present study, the GI value for peach palm cooked fruit, peach palm chips and pitahaya pulp was estimated. The methodology established by the FAO/WHO for determining the GI of food was used. A total of 12 healthy, non-smoking volunteers were selected and they ingested the fore mentioned foods on different occasions, in 25 g portions of available carbohydrates, after 12-14 h overnight fast. Blood glucose levels were measured in 30 min intervals up to 120 min after ingestion. Average GI value was 48 +/- 11 for the pitahaya pulp and 35 +/- 6 for the peach palm cooked fruit, which may be classified as low glyceamic index foods. The GI of peach palm chips was 60 +/- 7, corresponding to a food with a moderate GI. The processing for producing the chips caused an increase in the GI value when compared to the cooked fruit, probably because the stages of miIling, moulding and baking promote availability of starch during hydrolysis by the digestive enzymes.
Assuntos
Arecaceae/química , Glicemia/análise , Cactaceae/química , Frutas/química , Índice Glicêmico , Adulto , Pão , Culinária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This study combines two methodologies - vector expression of a genomic library and proteomics - to identify immunogenic proteins of Mycobacterium bovis. Immunization of BALB/c mice with a plasmid DNA pool from the library, containing approximately 8000 clones, induced a humoral response that facilitated the detection of 12 antigenic proteins by Western blotting. Two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry identified four proteins (Cpn60-1, HSP70, EF-Tu, and AdoHcyase). Such genomic immunization offers the possibility of in vivo screening of potential candidate M. bovis antigens.