RESUMO
We develop a technique to analyze pulsed thermography videos in order to detect and reconstruct subsurface defects in homogeneous and layered objects. The technique is based on the analysis of the thermal response of an object to a heat pulse. This thermal response is compared to the predictions of a finite-difference model that is systematically and progressively adjusted to minimize a cost function. With this minimization process, we obtain a depth and a thickness function that allow us to determine the three-dimensional shape, size, depth, thickness, and location of internal defects. The detected defects are reliably reconstructed with graphics of easy interpretation.
RESUMO
We perform a bidimensional analysis to evaluate the variation of the fluorescence decay of europium thenoyltrifluoroacetonate (EuTTA) with temperature changes. We analyze how a specific thermal distribution modifies the spatial temperature of the sensing film and we study the corresponding fluorescence response using an integral functional of the emission decay. We present experimental results of a thermal distribution registered with the EuTTA-based thermal-to-visible conversion method. Furthermore, we analyze the spatial and temporal response of the proposed sensing element by using heat-transfer theory. Based on the presented analysis, we establish the optimal thermal and physical design for the sensing element of the proposed thermal-to-visible converter.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 15/genética , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Mapeamento Cromossômico , DNA Polimerase gama , Replicação do DNA/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNA/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Repetições de MicrossatélitesRESUMO
The behaviour of telomeric repeat sequences in Chinese hamster CHO and CHE cell lines treated with the radiomimetic drugs bleomycin (BLM) and streptonigrin (STN) and the effect of these drugs on telomerase activity was investigated. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation revealed that 18% of the scored aberrations induced by BLM and 14% of those induced by STN in CHO cells exhibited telomeric repeat signals. In CHE cells, 29% of the total aberrations induced by BLM and 45% of those induced by STN involved telomeric repeat sequences. Acentric fragments labelled along their entire length and translocations of telomeric repeat sequences were also found in both cell lines. These results suggest that telomeric repeat sequences are preferentially involved in chromosome breakage, fragility and recombination induced by radiomimetic agents. In addition, some of the damaged CHE cells exhibited one or more chromosomes with additional zones of hybridisation, indicating the possible amplification of (TTAGGG)(n) repeats by telomerase. However, the fact that none of the radiomimetic compounds tested produced any effect on telomerase activity suggests that this enzyme is not related to the assumed amplification events induced by BLM and STN in CHE cells.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Bleomicina/farmacologia , Células CHO , Linhagem Celular , Cromátides/metabolismo , Cricetinae , Recombinação Genética , Estreptonigrina/farmacologia , Telomerase/metabolismo , Translocação Genética , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Grape waste was composted by biodegradation and subsequently used as an organic fertilizer for 20 day-corn. Combinations of recently compressed grape waste and hen droppings (10% w/w) were prepared to study the activating effect of hen droppings and the effect of aeration on the composting process. The final hydrogen potential (pH), %C, %N and C/N ratio, indicated an adequate development of the bioprocess. Satisfactory results were observed when the products were applied at several doses (1,000-4,000 kg/ ha) as a soil conditioner for corn seed germination in greenhouses. Only the addition of hen droppings had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on corn dry matter (14% increase). A dose of 3000 kg/ha was considered as optimal and was used supplemented with triple superphosphate (TSP) in agronomic trials. All the treatments produced greater corn dry matter (P < 0.05) than the chemical industrial fertilizer used as a control (0.52-0.71 g/pot for the organic fertilizers vs 0.45 g/pot for the control). Anaerobic conditions and hen droppings addition significantly produced (P < 0.05) higher corn dry matter.
Assuntos
Resíduos Industriais , Rosales/metabolismo , Gerenciamento de Resíduos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Difosfatos/química , Fertilizantes , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Nitrogênio/química , Fósforo/química , Potássio/química , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
COLO320DM and COLO320HSR are cell lines derived from a human malignant neuroendocrine colon carcinoma. Both lines have a 30-40-fold amplification of a large DNA domain containing the MYC oncogene. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques with a MYC probe, we could demonstrate that MYC amplicons are contained in a large marker chromosome in COLO320HSR cells, in double minutes (dmin) of COLO320DM cells, and in the interstitial regions of 3-4 additional chromosomes in both cell lines. Amplicons in homogeneous staining regions (HSRs) comprise normal MYC genes, while dmin chromosomes contain PVT/MYC chimeras. Although both cell lines showed similar levels of telomerase activity, the telomere length and telomere distribution in chromosomal termini were considerably lower in COLO320DM than in COLO320HSR cells. This indicates that the average telomere length in cancer cells is regulated no only by the rates of telomerase activity but also by some other non-enzymatic mechanisms.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Amplificação de Genes , Sequências Repetitivas de Ácido Nucleico/genética , Telomerase/metabolismo , Telômero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/enzimologia , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Genes myc/genética , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
We analyzed 40 pairs of breast normal/cancer tissues for the presence of mitochondrial (mt) genome instability and nuclear MSI in tumor cells. As mt, markers we used a (CA)n mt microsatellite (MS) starting at the 514-bp position of the D loop region and 4 informative MnlI sites located between the 16,108- and 16,420-bp positions of the D loop region. Nuclear microsatallite instability (MSI) was tested with 8 (CA)n MS, syntenic for the 13q chromosome arm. Moreover, we tested the spontaneous frequency of mtMSI and mt-MnlI mutations in 459 mother/descendant events. Mutations of mt-MnlI sites were found in 19 of 40 (47.5%) breast tumors, representing a 216-fold increase over the spontaneous rate in the female germline. Instability of the mtMS occurred in 17 of 40 (42.5%) breast cancers, which implies a 16-fold increase over the rate of spontaneous mutations. Nuclear MSI was found in 20 of 40 (50%) cases. In 15 of these cases the MSI was restricted to one locus, whereas in 5 instances the change of alleles was detected in 2 or 3 loci. Analysis of the correlation between mt and nuclear mutations showed no significant associations, suggesting that different systems are responsible for mt and nuclear genome instability in tumor cells. We propose that the two main mechanisms producing mtRFLP and mtMSI are damage by free radicals and error repair by the polymerase gamma, the first mechanism being a major cause of MnlI mutations and a secondary cause of mtMSI.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Alelos , Mama/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Desoxirribonucleases de Sítio Específico do Tipo II/metabolismo , Feminino , Genoma Humano , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Humanos , Repetições de Microssatélites , Linhagem , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de RestriçãoRESUMO
We demonstrate the uniqueness and convergence of phase recovery from high-spatial-frequency and undersampled intensity data. Furthermore, this is accomplished without the ambiguities that arise in phase unwrapping and without the need to employ a priori information. The method incorporates the technique of line integration of the phase gradient to find the first approximation to the phase and the algorithm of synthetic interferograms to find the unknown phase with high accuracy. The method may be used with any experimental method that at a certain data processing step obtains generalized sine and cosine intensity functions.
Assuntos
Modelos Teóricos , Óptica e Fotônica , Algoritmos , InterferometriaRESUMO
The vectorial shearing interferometer is based on the Mach-Zehnder configuration; it incorporates a displacement shearing system composed of a pair of wedge prisms that modify the optical path difference and the tilt of the sheared wave front with respect to that of the reference wave front. Variable shear and tilt can be implemented along any direction by choice of displacements Delta x and Delta y. The number of fringes and their orientation can be controlled with the vectorial shear. Knowledge of the prescribed displacements in the x and the y directions permits one to obtain a phase gradient in any direction.
RESUMO
We analyze the imaging performance of a number of diluted-aperture configurations, using the modulation transfer function. We select a single figure of merit, the practical cutoff frequency, rather than the traditional cutoff frequency, as the more useful frequency for the detection of details. Using this new parameter, we compare the performance of a number of published aperture configurations. On the basis of this analysis a new configuration is proposed for the Polar Stratospheric Telescope primary.
RESUMO
A novel method of determining phase from a modulated intensity pattern is described. A line integral of the gradient of the phase is used to reconstruct the phase, eliminating the necessity for complex methods of phase unwrapping. The new algorithm can be used with any technique that experimentally or theoretically yields the cosine and sine or the tangent of the phase. This phase-reconstruction process works effectively even in the regions of high-intensity gradients and is insensitive to the profile of the illuminating beams and to the shape of the domain boundaries.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio abierto, multicéntrico, no comparativo donde se avaluó la eficacia y tolerancia de la combinación Ampicilina/Sulbatam por vía oral-Sultamicilina-(Fipexiam), en adultos y niños con infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior e inferior y con infeciones de piel y partes blandas, y adultos con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica (EIP). El estudio reunió los investigadores de 73 Centros. Se trataron un total de 195 pacientes obteniéndose una efectividad global de 93.3 por ciento. De estos pacientes 84 presentaron Otitis media aguda, resultando curas clínicas en el 89.2 por ciento, 67 presentaron procesos orofaríngeos con curación en el 94 por ciento; en los casos con infecciones de piel y partes blandas, así como en las mujeres tratadas con (EIP) la curación clínica fue de 100 por ciento. Se reportaron efectos adversos en 10.9 por ciento, siendo las molestias gastrointestinales más resaltantes con 8.7 por ciento de los casos reportados, siendo menores a lo reportado por la literatura médica
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/patologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/terapia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/patologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/terapia , Otorrinolaringopatias/terapia , Infecções Respiratórias/terapia , Infecções Urinárias/terapiaRESUMO
Se realizó una auditoría de toda cirugía biliar por patología tanto, maligna como benigna en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, entre enero de 1988 a diciembre de 1995. En el estudio se práctico 1291 cirugías; 1080 (84 por ciento) eran mujeres y 211 (16 por ciento) varones. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 44 años. Los ingresos electivos representaron el 83 por ciento (1252), mientras que el 17 por ciento (218) fueron ingresados por urgencia. La ecografía confirmó el diagnóstico en el 92 por ciento de los casos; se practicó cirugia electiva en 1263 (98 por ciento) y 28 (2 por ciento) fueron operados con indicación de emergencia. Se practicó una colecistectomia simple en 939 (73 por ciento); en 222 (17 por ciento) se realizó exploración de la vía biliar, en 93 (7 por ciento) anastomosis biliodigestiva; en 16 (1.3 por ciento) esfinteroplastia, y en 21 (1,7 por ciento) se realizó un procedimiento no relacionado con la colecistectomía. La duración media de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 23 días (rango 1 a 100 días). Se produjeron 21 muertes perioperatorias, y la mortalidad general fue de 30 pacientes; 6 de los cuales están relación al cuidado al procedimiento quirúrgico, 13 por su patología biliar, 6 en relación al cuidado postoperatorio y 5 por causas diferentes a la patología. En relación con la colecistectomía simple, se produjo una mortalidad de 5 pacientes (0.4 por ciento). La morbilidad general fue del 0.3 por ciento y la mortalidad relacionada con el procedimiento quirúrgico fue del 3.6 por ciento. La colecistectomía abierta es un procedimeinto seguro, demostrado por su baja morbi-moratlidad
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colecistectomia , Coledocostomia , Cirurgia Geral , Morbidade , MortalidadeRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 57 casos de carcinoma primario de la vesicula biliar, operados en la Clinica Palermo de Bogota, desde enero de 1981 hasta diciembre de 1989. Se realiza un analisis estadistico descriptivo para determinar la sobrevida de acuerdo con el grado de diferenciación del tumor y con la extension del mismo. Este tumor fue mas frecuente en mujeres con promedio de edad de 65 años. Solamente en los estados avanzados fue posible sospechar clinicamente la presencia del cancer. En 44 pacientes (77 por ciento) se realizó colecistectomia, siendo irresecable en los 13 restantes (23 por ciento). Se estudiaron todos los casos en patologia, y se encontro asociacion entre carcinoma de la vesicula biliar y metaplasia intestinal de la mucosa del organo, en el 35 por ciento de los casos. En la clasificacion histopatologica se evidencio adenocarcinoma en el 97.9 por ciento de los casos. El 77 por ciento de los pacientes tenian litiasis asociada. Se observo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la sobrevida de los pacientes con carcinoma bien diferenciado o en estados I, II y HI de Nevin, con la de los que presentaban carcinoma mal diferenciado o en estados IV y V. La mortalidad fue del 88 por ciento a 5 años en el grupo estudiado; el 66 por ciento de los pacientes fallecieron durante el primer año del posoperatorio.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 120 casos de cancer del tiroides operados en la Clinica Palermo de Bogota, desde enero de 1981 hasta abril de 1989, con el proposito de hacer un analisis estadistico descriptivo y una correlacion clinica. La distribucion histopatologica incluye, carcinoma papilar, 100 casos; carcinoma folicular, 6 casos; carcinoma de celulas de Huerthle, 5 casos; carcinoma modular, 4 casos; linfoma del tiroides, 3 casos; y carcinoma anaplásico, 2 casos. Estos pacientes fueron seguidos por un periodo promedio de 42 meses. De los 100 casos con carcinoma papilar, a 26 se les practicó tiroidectomia total y a 74 tiroidectomia subtotal. Se encontro multifocalidad en 22 casos de tiroidectomia subtotal y en 16 casos de tiroidectomia total. El porcentaje de mortalidad fue del 4 por ciento y el de recurrencia, del 12 por ciento . La lesion del nervio laringeo recurrente se presento en 4 casos (15.3 por ciento ) luego de tiroidectomia total, y en 3 casos {4 por ciento ) luego de tiroidectomia subtotal.
Assuntos
Recidiva , Neoplasias da Glândula TireoideRESUMO
Se realizó una auditoría de toda cirugía biliar por patología tanto, maligna como benigna en el Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, entre 1988 a 1995. En el estudio se practicó 1291 cirugías; 1080 (84 por ciento) eran mujeres y 211 (16 por ciento) varones. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 44 años. Los ingresos representaron el 83 por ciento (1252), mientras que el 17 por ciento (218) fueron ingresados por urgencia. La ecografía confirmó el diagnóstico en el 92 por ciento de los casos; se practicó cirugía electiva en 1263 (98 por ciento) y 28 (2 por ciento) fueron operados con indicación de emergencia. Se practicó una colecistectomía simple en 939 (73 por ciento); en 222 (17 por ciento) se realizó exploración de la via biliar, en 93 (7 por ciento) anastomosis biliodigestiva...