RESUMO

Purpose: ''Project Portfolio Risk Management" is approached through a bibliometry and collaboration networks study determining its dynamics and development as a formal domain that links Project, Risk Management and Portfolio concepts. Design/methodology/approach: To facilitate replicability, a scientometric study under a PRISMA structure is carried out: i) Identification or domain structuring, as well as keywording accuracy; ii) Screening: Search string refinement and outputs review; iii) Eligibility: Several criteria applied to a content analysis, and iv) Inclusion: Consolidation of domain analytics through bibliometry and collaboration networks. Originality and findings: Assessing the field as a formal knowledge domain is novel, contributing to a synthesis of its trends and evolution: For first time, descriptive statistics show increasing attention based on the growing citation scores, participation, H index and productivity of its main journals. Project Portfolio Selection is established as hot topic, the main authors are identified, as well as key concepts such as optimization, mathematical programming, multi-objective optimization, stochastic programming, and robust optimization. Three main research themes are obtained: Incorporation of Risk Assessment into Project Portfolio Selection problem, Risk Management as a Project Portfolio Management process, and Risk Analysis considering social and environmental issues. An accurate match is found in the contrast of the domain's behavior with some bibliometric and linguistic laws. Practical implications: Theoretical richness is achieved in the conjunction of the three terms, presenting dynamics and tendencies and thus contributing to focus related research processes on a unified field for the use of both scholars' and practitioners' perspectives.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of newborn infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection notified in the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System. DESIGN: This epidemiological descriptive analysis was conducted using the data of all cases of newborn infants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection notified in the surveillance system. Absolute frequencies and central tendency measures were calculated and a bivariate analysis comparing variables of interest with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease was performed. SETTING: Population-based descriptive analysis. PATIENTS: Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in newborn infants (aged ≤28 days of life) reported to the surveillance system from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021. RESULTS: 879 newborns were identified, corresponding to 0.04% of all reported cases in the country. The mean age at diagnosis was 13 days (range 0-28 days), 55.1% were male and most (57.6%) were classified as symptomatic. Preterm birth and low birth weight were identified in 24.0% and 24.4% of the cases, respectively. Common symptoms were fever (58.3%), cough (48.3%) and respiratory distress (34.9%). A higher prevalence of symptomatic newborns was seen in individuals with low birth weight for gestational age (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.51, 95% CI: 1.44 to 1.59) and newborns with underlying conditions (PR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: There were a low proportion of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the newborn population. A substantial number of newborns were classified as symptomatic, having low birth weight and being preterm. Clinicians caring for COVID-19-infected newborns should be aware of population characteristics that potentially contribute to disease manifestations and severity.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in preterm infants less than 35 weeks in terms of hospitalization rate, intensive care unit requirement, and mortality. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at six Colombian hospitals. Preterm infants less than 35 weeks who received at least one dose of palivizumab during the first 6 months of life were included. The primary outcome was the hospitalization rate related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. RESULTS: A total of 222 newborns participated in the study; 204 (91.8%) completed the 6-month follow-up, and three died during the study. 88.7% received a second dose of palivizumab, 79.7% a third, 34.7% a fourth, and 25.2% a fifth. The nonadjusted incidence rate of RSV infection was 2.4%, and the overall RSV-positive hospitalization rate was 1.9%. The proportion of patients that required Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and mechanical ventilation in relation to RSV infection was 1.4%. Discharge with home oxygen, pulmonary dysplasia, and being younger than 6 months were significantly associated with respiratory infection. Furthermore, exposition to cigarette smoke was the only factor associated with increased risk of hospitalization. The group that required hospitalization received fewer doses of palivizumab (p = 0.049). No discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events were reported. No death was judged to be related to palivizumab. CONCLUSION: The hospitalization rate and the need for NICU admission were lower than those reported in the literature. In this real-life setting, palivizumab appears to be effective in preventing serious cases of RSV infection.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important childhood infections. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in preterm infants at a high risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection during the RSV season in Colombia. METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational non-comparative multicenter study in six Colombian cities. At the beginning of the RSV infection season, palivizumab prophylaxis, up to five doses, was administered to infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation, infants younger than six months, infants under one year of age with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), infants one year or less of age with hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD), and with follow-up during the immunoprophylaxis until one month after the last dose. RESULTS: The study enrolled 600 patients, 91.8% of which were born at ≤ 32 weeks of gestation. BPD was observed in 54.9% of infants. 49% were born at < 32 weeks gestation and presented BPD. 6.9% had hemodynamically significant acyanotic and non-acyanotic CHD 53.3% received three or more doses of palivizumab. The mean interval between doses was 39.6 days. 1.8% of patients were hospitalized due to a confirmed RSV infection. Overall mortality was 1.2%, whereas the mortality by RSV in infants undergoing prophylaxis was 0.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Palivizumab was a clinically effective, well-tolerated treatment in the Colombian population. The safety profile of palivizumab reflects the findings from previous studies in developed countries.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Several studies have evaluated the association between a history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risk of breast cancer (BC), with controversial results. However, information regarding the population-attributable risk percent (PAR%) remains scarce. Objective: To estimate the association and the PAR% for BC and T2D, lifestyle and gynecologic factors in women in Mexico City. METHODS: This case-control study was performed from May-December 2020. Women >40 years of age, from Mexico City, with a confirmed diagnosis for BC were included as cases. Controls were women with a BIRADS 1 or 2 mammography or an ultrasound clear of any BC suggestive findings. RESULTS: A total of 134 cases and 134 controls were included. A higher risk for BC was identified among women who did not perform routine physical activity and those who had a history of hormonal contraceptive use > 5 years. The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.0 (p = 0.22) in the first model. After adjustment, HRT was associated with an OR of 2.92 (p=0.492) in the second and an OR of 3.6 (p = 0.753) in the third model. T2D was associated with an OR of 1.04 (p = 0.96) in the first model; an OR of 0.65 (p = 0.65) in the second model and an OR of RMa 0.75(p = 0.79) for the third model. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, there was no significant association identified between a T2D diagnosis and BC.

INTRODUCCIÓN: diversas investigaciones han evaluado el riesgo de cáncer de mama (CaMa) asociado a diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) con resultados inconsistentes. Pocas investigaciones han evaluado el porcentaje de riesgo atribuible a la población (PAR%). OBJETIVO: estimar la asociación y el PAR% para CaMa por DT2, así como los factores del estilo de vida y ginecológicos en mujeres de la Ciudad de México. MÉTODOS: estudio de casos y controles, realizado de mayo a diciembre de 2020. Se incluyeron mujeres > 40 años, de la Ciudad de México, con diagnóstico confirmado de CaMa. Los controles fueron mujeres con una mastografía BIRADS 1 o 2, o ultrasonido mamario sin datos sugestivos de CaMa. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron en total 134 casos y 134 controles. Se identificó un mayor riesgo de CaMa en aquellas mujeres que no realizan actividad física y con el uso de anticonceptivos > 5 años. El uso de terapia de reemplazo hormonal (TRH) se asoció con una razón de momios ajustada (RMa) de 5.0, p = 0.22 en el modelo 1. Conforme se ajustan los modelos, la TRH para el modelo 2 tuvo una RMa de 2.92, p = 0.492 y en el modelo 3 una RMa de 3.6 p = 0.753. La presencia de diabetes se asoció a una RMa de 1.04, p = 0.96 en el modelo 1; RMa de 0.65, p = 0.65 en el modelo 2 y una RMa de 0.75, p = 0.79 en el modelo 3. CONCLUSIONES: en este estudio de casos y controles no se encontró asociación entre el diagnóstico de DT2 y CaMa.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: determinar a frequência, as complicações e a sazonalidade com que a infecção pelo vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR) do trato respiratório inferior causa hospitalização em neonatos com um ano de idade ou menos, em seis cidades da Colômbia. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional prospectivo multicêntrico de um ano que incluiu 717 pacientes, que compareceram ao serviço de emergência com sintomas respiratórios em seis cidades da Colômbia. As crianças hospitalizadas foram testadas para verificar a existência de VSR com teste de imunofluorescência das secreções nasofaríngeas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e estatísticas da população. RESULTADOS: a população estudada incluiu 717 pacientes com uma idade média de 3,6 meses (DP 3,25), na proporção de 4:3 do sexo masculino para o sexo feminino e uma prevalência de ITRI por VSR de 30% (216 neonatos/cidade, faixa 26-49%). Os fatores de risco para ITRI por VSR foram encontrados em 8,2% da população, dos quais 28,8% foram positivos para VSR. Os grupos positivo e negativo para VSR foram comparados utilizando um teste t bicaudal com IC de 95%, p < 0,05. Não foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Todas as cidades apresentaram trimestres anuais específicos para ocorrência de ITRI por VSR. CONCLUSÕES: o VSR causou uma em três internações de ITRI na população, com uma incidência de 30%. Isso confirma uma circulação contínua do VSR na Colômbia, que varia pela localização geográfica.

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency, complications and seasonality at which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of the lower respiratory tract causes hospitalization in infants of age 1 year or less in 6 cities of Colombia. METHODS: one-year prospective multicentric observational study that included 717 patients presenting to the emergency department with respiratory symptoms in 6 cities of Colombia. Hospitalized children were tested for RSV with an immunofluorescence rapid test in nasopharyngeal secretions. Descriptive and statistical analyses of the population were conducted. RESULTS: the study population included 717 patients with a mean age of 3.6 months (SD 3.25), 4:3 male: female ratio and a positive RSV LRTI prevalence of 30.0% (216 infants/City, range 26.0 - 49.0%). Risk factors for RSV LRTI were found in 8.2% of the population, of which 28.8% were RSV positive. RSV positive and negative groups were compared using a two-tailed t test with 95.0%CI, p < 0.05. No statistically significant differences were found. All cities presented specific year trimesters in the occurrence of RSV LRTI. CONCLUSIONS: the RSV caused 1 in 3 LRTI hospitalizations in the population, with an incidence of 30.0%. This confirms a continuous circulation of RSV in Colombia varying by geographic location.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: to determine the frequency, complications and seasonality at which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of the lower respiratory tract causes hospitalization in infants of age 1 year or less in 6 cities of Colombia. METHODS: one-year prospective multicentric observational study that included 717 patients presenting to the emergency department with respiratory symptoms in 6 cities of Colombia. Hospitalized children were tested for RSV with an immunofluorescence rapid test in nasopharyngeal secretions. Descriptive and statistical analyses of the population were conducted. RESULTS: the study population included 717 patients with a mean age of 3.6 months (SD 3.25), 4:3 male: female ratio and a positive RSV LRTI prevalence of 30.0% (216 infants/City, range 26.0 - 49.0%). Risk factors for RSV LRTI were found in 8.2% of the population, of which 28.8% were RSV positive. RSV positive and negative groups were compared using a two-tailed t test with 95.0%CI, p < 0.05. No statistically significant differences were found. All cities presented specific year trimesters in the occurrence of RSV LRTI. CONCLUSIONS: the RSV caused 1 in 3 LRTI hospitalizations in the population, with an incidence of 30.0%. This confirms a continuous circulation of RSV in Colombia varying by geographic location.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In children <5 years of age, Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is, globally, the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death. Surveillance conducted in Bogotá, Colombia estimated incidence rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), clinical and chest radiograph-confirmed pneumonia (CXR+Pn); SP serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: This prospective population-based surveillance was conducted from 2006 to 2008 in children 28 days to <36 months of age seeking care at SaludCoop centers. We determined incidence rates of IPD and pneumonia (clinical and CXR+Pn). Eligibility criteria included: temperature ≥39.0°C within 24h and/or clinical suspicion of IPD or pneumonia. Blood was obtained for culture in all children. Other sterile site specimens were obtained per routine practice. RESULTS: Of 8261 subjects enrolled, a total of 64 had invasive pneumococcal disease detected by isolation of SP from nonduplicative cultures (62) or detected solely by PCR and a clinical picture consistent with IPD (2). The overall IPD incidence rates for culture-positive only cases for children aged 28 days to <36 months was 76.4/100,000 per year for years 1 and 2 combined. Age stratification found the highest rates in children 6-12 and 12 to <24 months of age. IPD incidence rates were assessed for bacteremic pneumonia (54.2/100,000), bacteremia (17.2/100,000), meningitis (3.7/100,000), and sepsis (1.2/100,000). Most common serotypes causing IPD were: 14 (51.6%), 6B (9.7%), and 19F (9.7%). Coverage of IPD cases by pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) 7, PCV10, and PCV13 was 77.4%, 85.5%, and 91.9%, respectively. Twenty-eight isolates (45.2%) were penicillin-nonsusceptible; PCV7 covered 96.3% of these; PCV10 covered 96.3% and PCV13 covered 100%. The overall incidence of clinical pneumonia and CXR+Pn was 6276/100,000 and 2120/100,000, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal disease and pneumonia burden is considerable in children in Bogotá, Colombia. Vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has the potential to decrease this burden. Epidemiologic data are critical in assessing the potential impact of introduction of PCVs into national immunization schedules.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Captures of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), in Jackson traps baited with trimedlure were compared with captures in cylindrical open-bottom dry traps baited with a food-based synthetic attractant (ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine). Tests were conducted in Guatemala during a sterile male release program in an area where wild flies were present in low numbers. More wild and sterile females were captured in food-based traps, and more wild and sterile males were captured in trimedlure traps. The food-based traps captured almost twice as many total (male plus female) wild flies as the trimedlure traps, but the difference was not significant. Females made up approximately 60% of the wild flies caught in the food-based attractant traps; the trimedlure traps caught no females. The ratio of capture of males in trimedlure traps to food-based traps was 6.5:1 for sterile and 1.7:1 for wild flies. Because fewer sterile males are captured in the food-based traps, there is a reduction in the labor-intensive process of examining flies for sterility. The results indicate that traps baited with food-based attractants could be used in place of the Jackson/trimedlure traps for C. capitata sterile release programs because they can monitor distributions of sterile releases and detect wild fly populations effectively; both critical components of fruit fly eradication programs by using the sterile insect technique.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La saturación medida por pulsoximetría es una técnica con gran utilidad en unidades de recién nacidos, sin embargo hay poca información de los valores normales sobretodo a diferentes alturas sobre el nivel del mar, por lo tanto decidimos realizar un estudio para encontrar valores de referencia en la ciudad de Santafé de Bogotá a 2450 mts sobre el nivel del mar. Se tomaron medidas de saturación a 245 neonatos sanos, a término, con peso adecuado para edad gestacional, a diferentes grupos de edad post-natal (0-12 hs, 12-24 hs, 2 días y 2-14 días), durante el sueño tranquilo, alimentación y llanto. Encontramos valores ligeramente más altos de saturación durante el sueño tranquilo con respecto al llanto y alimento estadísticamente significativos. No hubo una diferencia entre las edades post-natales excepto por una disminución estadísticamente sinificativa en el grupo de 1-2 días con respecto al grupo de 0-12 hrs. CONCLUSION: 1. Se dan valores de referencia para saturación a la altura de 2450 m sobre el nivel del mar. 2. Situaciones como el llanto o alimentación pueden producir pequeñas disminuciones de saturación. Recomendamos hacer estudios que muestren valores de referencia en las diferentes alturas sobre el nivel del mar.

Assuntos