RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze prevalence changes in dental visits and socioeconomic inequalities among high school students in Chile, years 2013 and 2017. METHODS: Analysis of nationally representative data from 2013 and 2017 waves of the Chilean National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN). In a sample of high school students aged 14 to 20 years old (n=12699 in 2013; n=11122 in 2017) we investigated prevalence of dental visits in the last 3 months, by urban-rural residence, sex, type of health insurance, type of school, income level and benefit of dental care at school. For inequality analysis we estimated prevalence ratio of dental visits in the last 3 months according to study variables. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the prevalence of dental visits in the last 3 months and the receipt of dental care at school between years 2013 and 2017. The highest prevalence of dental visits in the last 3 months was found among students living in urban residence, women, with private insurance, in the highest income level, that attended private schools. Inequalities persist but the gap associated with type of residence, health insurance and between the lowest income quintiles decreased over the years. CONCLUSIONS: The Comprehensive Dental Care for senior year high school students, a public policy that began in 2015 in Chile, could have aided the gap reduction and the increase in visits to the dentist in the last 3 months in this group.
RESUMO
This study reports the characterization of the Tetrasphaera duodecadis bacteria and the techniques used therein. In order to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the T. duodecadis bacteria scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used throughout its different growth stages. These microorganisms were grown in vitamin B12 broths with 1% tryptone, 0.2% yeast extract, and 0.1% glucose. The turbidimetric method was employed for the determination of bacterial concentration and growth curve. The SEM results show small agglomerates of 0.8 ± 0.05 µm during the lag phase, and rod-like shapes during the exponential phase with similar shapes in the stationary phase.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria/ultraestrutura , Actinobacteria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biomassa , Meios de Cultura/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens associated with diarrheal disease in humans. Food animals, especially poultry, are important direct and indirect sources of human salmonellosis, and antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem of public health concern. The use of antimicrobials benefits producers but contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. As a step toward implementing the Colombian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, this study was conducted to establish the prevalence, distribution of serovars, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and risk factors for Salmonella on poultry farms in the two largest states of poultry production in Colombia. Salmonella was isolated from 41% of farms and 65% of the 315 chicken houses sampled. Salmonella Paratyphi B variant Java was the most prevalent serovar (76%), followed by Salmonella Heidelberg (23%). All Salmonella isolates were resistant to 2 to 15 of the antimicrobial drugs tested in this study. For Salmonella Paratyphi B variant Java, 34 drug resistance patterns were present. The predominant resistance pattern was ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftiofur, streptomycin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid; this pattern was detected in 15% of isolates. The resistance pattern of tetracycline, ceftiofur, and nalidixic acid was found in over 40% of the isolates of Salmonella Heidelberg. Of the biosecurity practices considered, two factors were significantly associated with reduction in Salmonella: cleaning of fixed equipment and composting of dead birds on the farm. Findings from the present study provide scientific evidence to inform implementation of official policies that support new biosecurity legislation in an effort to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella on Colombian poultry farms.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Galinhas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Higiene , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella/classificaçãoRESUMO
We report our experience and results in the management of Fournier's gangrene. Fournier's gangrene is a synergistic infective necrotizing fasciitis, which involves perianal, perineal and genital regions, originated mostly from colorectal and genitourinary sources. Charts and records from 28 patients with Fournier's gangrene diagnosed between 1993 and 1997 were reviewed. The mean patients age was 57.8 years (range, 22-82 years); mean hospital stay was 19 days. Eighteen patients (64.3%) were diabetic. The most common source of gangrene was ischiorectal abscess in 22 patients (78.6%). Colostomy was performed on 14 patients (50%) and cystostomy on 7 patients (25%). Ten patients (35.7%) died because of sepsis. In conclusion, medical and surgical treatment should be aggressive. Colostomy should only be performed if sphincter complex is damaged. Multidisciplinary management is mandatory, because of high morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Gangrena de Fournier/terapia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Colostomia , Terapia Combinada , Quimioterapia Combinada , Gangrena de Fournier/microbiologia , Gangrena de Fournier/cirurgia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Se expone un protocolo de tratamiento kinésico en relación a las artrodesis tóraco-lumbares y lumbosacras, describiendo los distintos objetivos y acciones kinésicas en cada etapa de la evolución de este tipo de cirugía