RESUMO
The Caribbean enjoys a long-standing eminence as a popular tourist destination; however, over the years it has also amassed the sobriquet "arbovirus hotspot". As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitats, a cognizant working knowledge of the lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that influence their emergence and resurgence becomes essential. The extant literature on Caribbean arboviruses is spread across decades of published literature and is quite often difficult to access, and, in some cases, is obsolete. Here, we look at the lesser-known arboviruses of the insular Caribbean and examine some of the drivers for their emergence and resurgence. We searched the scientific literature databases PubMed and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed literature as well as scholarly reports. We included articles and reports that describe works resulting in serological evidence of the presence of arboviruses and/or arbovirus isolations in the insular Caribbean. Studies without serological evidence and/or arbovirus isolations as well as those including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever were excluded. Of the 545 articles identified, 122 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 42 arboviruses were identified in the literature. These arboviruses and the drivers that affect their emergence/resurgence are discussed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arbovirus , Arbovírus , Febre de Chikungunya , Dengue , Febre Amarela , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Região do Caribe , Dengue/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Ticks are vectors of a wide variety of pathogens that are implicated in mild to severe disease in humans and other animals. Nonetheless, the full range of tick-borne pathogens is unknown. Viruses, in particular, have been neglected in discovery efforts targeting tick-borne agents. High throughput sequencing was used to characterize the virome of 638 ticks, including Rhipicephalus microplus (n = 320), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 300), and Amblyomma ovale (n = 18) collected throughout Trinidad and Tobago in 2017 and 2018. Sequences representing nine viruses were identified, including five novel species within Tymovirales, Bunyavirales, Chuviridae, Rhabdoviridae, and Flaviviridae. Thereafter the frequency of detection of viral sequences in individual tick species was investigated.
Assuntos
Parasitos/virologia , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Carrapatos/virologia , Animais , Bovinos , Cães , Filogenia , Infestações por Carrapato/parasitologia , Trinidad e Tobago , Vírus/genéticaAssuntos
Vírus da Doença Equina Africana , Doença Equina Africana , Animais , Animais Domésticos , CãesRESUMO
In the fourth article in Veterinary Record's series of articles promoting One Health, Chris Oura discusses the threats posed to both animal and human populations by vectorborne diseases and how a multidisciplinary approach would be effective in reducing the risks and managing outbreaks.