RESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on muscle strength, aerobic fitness and body composition, of replacing the physical education (PE) class of Colombian adolescents with resistance or aerobic training. 120 tanner stage 3 adolescents attending a state school were randomized to resistance training, aerobic training, or a control group who continued to attend a weekly 2- hour PE class for 16 weeks. The resistance training and aerobic training groups participated in twice weekly supervised after-school exercise sessions of < 1 hour instead of their PE class. Sum of skinfolds, lean body mass (bioelectrical impedance analysis), muscular strength (6 repetition maximum (RM)) bench press, lateral pulldown and leg press) and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (multistage 20 meter shuttle run) were assessed at pre and post intervention. Complete data were available for n = 40 of the resistance training group, n = 40 of the aerobic training group and n = 30 PE (controls). Resistance training attenuated increases in sum of skinfolds compared with controls (d = 0.27, [0.09-0.36]). We found no significant effect on lean body mass. Resistance training produced a positive effect on muscle strength compared with both controls (d = 0.66 [.49-.86]) and aerobic training (d = 0.55[0.28-0.67]). There was a positive effect of resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness compared with controls (d = 0.04 [-0.10-0.12]) but not compared with aerobic training (d = 0.24 [0.10-0.36]). Replacing a 2-hour PE class with two 1 hour resistance training sessions attenuated gains in subcutaneous adiposity, and enhanced muscle strength and aerobic fitness development in Colombian youth, based on a median attendance of approximately 1 session a week. Further research to assess whether adequate stimuli for the development of muscular fitness exists within current physical education provision is warranted.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Adolescente , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Levantamento de PesoRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Describir la percepción que tienen adolescentes escolarizados entre 12 y 16 años, en Piedecuesta (Santander), en 2016, sobre los facilitadores y las barreras que influyen en la práctica de la actividad física. Metodología: Análisis cualitativo desde un enfoque fenomenológico, con la participación de 20 adolescentes escolarizados que, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y un grupo focal, conversaron sobre la práctica, los beneficios, los entornos y la influencia y la compañía en relación con la actividad física, para identificar barreras y facilitadores. Resultados: La práctica de la actividad física se limitaba a las clases de educación física en la mayoría de los casos. El compañero principal en la práctica extracurricular era el padre del mismo sexo. La actividad física representaba una oportunidad para el disfrute, mejorar la salud física y mental, así como la contextura corporal, y para romper con la rutina diaria. La falta de tiempo por compromisos académicos fue la razón principal para no realizar actividad física. Los lugares públicos no siempre estaban disponibles, a menudo no se consideraban seguros. En la escuela, el espacio y las instalaciones eran inadecuados, y el uso estaba restringido. Conclusiones: La escuela es un punto de convergencia importante para la práctica de la actividad física, lo que sugiere la necesidad de fortalecer el plan de estudios al respecto; este entorno es un facilitador potencial para aumentar el nivel de actividad física en adolescentes. También se percibe como barrera, dado que la práctica interfiere con las actividades académicas. Las mejoras en la seguridad y el atractivo estético en el entorno comunitario se visibilizan como un facilitador para promover la actividad física.
Abstract Objective: Describe the perception of adolescents aged between 12 and 16 years, in Piedecuesta (Santander), in 2016, about the facilitators and barriers that influence physical activity. Methodology: Qualitative analysis from a phenomenological approach, with the participation of 20 adolescents who talked about the practice, benefits, environments, influence and company in connection with physical activity , to identify barriers and facilitators, through semi-structured interviews and a focus group. Results: Physical activity was limited to physical education classes in most cases. The main companion in extracurricular physical activity was the parent of the same sex. Physical activity represented an opportunity for enjoyment, improvement of physical and mental health, as well as body composition, and to have a break in their daily routine. Lack of time due to academic commitments was the main reason for not doing physical activity. Public places were not always available and they were often not considered to be safe. Space and facilities at school were inadequate, and their use was restricted.. Conclusions: The school is an important point of convergence for doing physical activity, suggesting the need to strengthen the curriculum in this respect; this environment is a potential facilitator to increasing the level of physical activity in adolescents. It can also be seen as a barrier, given that the practice interferes with academic activities. Improvements in safety and aesthetic appeal in the surrounding community are seen as a facilitator to promoting physical activity.
Resumo Objetivo: Descrever a percepção que os adolescentes entre 12 e 17 anos de Piedecuesta em Santander, tiveram em 2016 sobre os facilitadores e as barreiras que influenciaram na prática da atividade física. Metodologia: Análise qualitativa partindo de um foco fenomenológico, com a participação de 20 adolescentes em idade escolar que, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo focal, conversaram sobre a prática, os benefícios, os entornos, a influência e o acompanhamento relacionados com a atividade física, para identificar barreiras e facilitadores. Resultados: Na maioria dos casos, a prática da atividade física limitava-se às aulas de educação física. O companheiro principal na prática extracurricular era o genitor ou genitora do mesmo sexo. A atividade física representava uma oportunidade para disfrutar, melhorar a saúde física e mental, além da estrutura corporal e para sair da rotina diária. A falta de tempo devido às responsabilidades escolares foi a principal razão para não realizarem atividade física. Os lugares públicos nem sempre estavam disponíveis e geralmente não são considerados seguros. Na escola, o espaço e as instalações eram inadequados e o uso estava restrito. Conclusões: A escola é um importante ponto de convergência para a prática da atividade física, o que determina a necessidade de fortalecer o currículo relacionado; esse ambiente é um facilitador potencial para aumentar o nível de atividade física nos adolescentes. Também se percebe como barreira, já que a prática interfere com as atividades escolares. As melhorias na segurança e um espaço comunitário mais atraente do ponto de vista estético são determinantes como facilitadores para a promoção da atividade física.
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RESUMEN Objetivo Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los sistemas de información de vigilancia sanitaria y epidemiológica en zonas de frontera y puntos de entrada en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura mediante la metodología Prisma, términos MeSH y DECS. Para ello, se consultaron, las bases de datos PubMed y BVS entre el 2000 y el 2014. Se incluyeron 51 documentos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión-exclusión, a partir de los cuales se discutieron las categorías propuestas: servicios de salud, salud mental, estado de salud y determinantes sociales. Resultados El análisis permite evidenciar que la vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de fronteras y puntos de entrada en el ámbito mundial, está enfocado principalmente en ejes como salud mental, eventos transmisibles y eventos de condiciones no transmisibles. Adicionalmente, se da importancia a la atención integral en los servicios de salud y al análisis del estado de salud de la población inmigrante bajo el enfoque diferencial territorial, étnico y cultural. Sin embargo, hay pocas experiencias con un enfoque intersectorial, así como de determinantes sociales, en los territorios con condiciones de zonas de fronteras y/o puntos de entrada. Conclusiones Las diferencias de contexto, sistemas de salud, sistemas de información y prioridades de cada país, hacen que el intercambio y la cooperación entre las fronteras tengan serios retos. Debido a esto, es necesario contar con instrumentos de cooperación entre países limítrofes y análisis e información, con base en el modelo Determinantes Sociales de la Salud.(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective Perform a literature review about systems of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for frontier zones and the points of entry of Colombia. Materials and Methods A systematic literature review using the Prisma methodology, MeSH and DECS terms, was developed in PubMed and BVS bibliographic databases between 2000 and 2014. We included 51 documents according to inclusion-exclusion criteria and we proposed and discussed these categories: health services, mental health, health status and social determinants. Results The analysis makes it possible to evidence that the epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of borders and entry points worldwide, focused mainly on axes such as mental health, transmissible events and events of non-communicable conditions. In addition, the importance of comprehensive care in health services, as well as the analysis of the health status of immigrant population under the territorial, ethnic and cultural differential approach. However, there are few experiences with a social determinants analysis in borders zone and / or entry points. Conclusions Differences in the context, health systems, information systems and priorities of each country make the exchange and cooperation between borders challenging. It is necessary to have instruments of cooperation between neighboring countries and a common information based on the Social Determinants of Health.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Controle Sanitário de Portos e Embarcações , Controle Sanitário de Fronteiras , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Colômbia , Emigrantes e ImigrantesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Perform a literature review about systems of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance for frontier zones and the points of entry of Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature review using the Prisma methodology, MeSH and DECS terms, was developed in PubMed and BVS bibliographic databases between 2000 and 2014. We included 51 documents according to inclusion-exclusion criteria and we proposed and discussed these categories: health services, mental health, health status and social determinants. RESULTS: The analysis makes it possible to evidence that the epidemiological and sanitary surveillance of borders and entry points worldwide, focused mainly on axes such as mental health, transmissible events and events of non-communicable conditions. In addition, the importance of comprehensive care in health services, as well as the analysis of the health status of immigrant population under the territorial, ethnic and cultural differential approach. However, there are few experiences with a social determinants analysis in borders zone and / or entry points. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the context, health systems, information systems and priorities of each country make the exchange and cooperation between borders challenging. It is necessary to have instruments of cooperation between neighboring countries and a common information based on the Social Determinants of Health.
OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre los sistemas de información de vigilancia sanitaria y epidemiológica en zonas de frontera y puntos de entrada en Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de literatura mediante la metodología Prisma, términos MeSH y DECS. Para ello, se consultaron, las bases de datos PubMed y BVS entre el 2000 y el 2014. Se incluyeron 51 documentos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión-exclusión, a partir de los cuales se discutieron las categorías propuestas: servicios de salud, salud mental, estado de salud y determinantes sociales. RESULTADOS: El análisis permite evidenciar que la vigilancia epidemiológica y sanitaria de fronteras y puntos de entrada en el ámbito mundial, está enfocado principalmente en ejes como salud mental, eventos transmisibles y eventos de condiciones no transmisibles. Adicionalmente, se da importancia a la atención integral en los servicios de salud y al análisis del estado de salud de la población inmigrante bajo el enfoque diferencial territorial, étnico y cultural. Sin embargo, hay pocas experiencias con un enfoque intersectorial, así como de determinantes sociales, en los territorios con condiciones de zonas de fronteras y/o puntos de entrada. CONCLUSIONES: Las diferencias de contexto, sistemas de salud, sistemas de información y prioridades de cada país, hacen que el intercambio y la cooperación entre las fronteras tengan serios retos. Debido a esto, es necesario contar con instrumentos de cooperación entre países limítrofes y análisis e información, con base en el modelo Determinantes Sociales de la Salud.
RESUMO
Objetivos Estimar las prevalencias de actividad física ocupacional, de transporte, de tiempo libre y de cumplimiento de recomendaciones, y explorar su asociación con variables demográficas y socioeconómicas en hombres y mujeres del Departamento de Santander (Colombia). Métodos La muestra fue constituida por 2 421 personas entre los 15 y 64 años participantes en el estudio transversal de Factores de Riesgo para Enfermedades Crónicas en Santander, realizado en el año 2010. Para la recolección de datos se empleó el cuestionario mundial de actividad física. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia de práctica ajustadas por edad y se construyeron modelos multivariados mediante análisis de regresión de Poisson robusta para cada sexo. Resultados Las prevalencias de actividad física ocupacional, de tiempo libre y de cumplimiento de recomendaciones fueron más bajas en las mujeres. La división sexual del trabajo y un bajo nivel socioeconómico influyó negativamente en la actividad física en las mujeres, limitando la posibilidad de práctica de aquellas dedicadas principalmente al trabajo no remunerado en sus hogares. Los hombres jóvenes, solteros o residentes en sectores de estratos socioeconómicos más altos tuvieron más probabilidad de practicar actividad física en el tiempo libre y cumplir recomendaciones. Conclusión La vigilancia y las políticas públicas sobre la actividad física deben tener en cuenta las desigualdades de práctica entre hombres y mujeres y al interior de estos, relacionadas con sus condiciones socioeconómicas y la división sexual del trabajo.(AU)
Objectives To estimate the prevalence of occupation-, transportation- and leisure-related physical activity, its compliance with recommendations, and to explore its association with demographic and socioeconomic variables in men and women of the Department of Santander (Colombia). Methods The sample consisted of 2421 people between 15 and 64 years of age, participants in the Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases of Santander cross-sectional study, developed in 2010. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated and multivariate analysis models were built by sex using robust Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of occupational and leisure physical activity and compliance with recommendations were lower in women. Sexual division of labor and a low socioeconomic level negatively influenced physical activity in women, limiting the possibility of practice of those principally engaged in unpaid work at home. Young or single men and those living in higher socioeconomic areas were more likely to practice physical activity in leisure time and meet recommendations. Conclusion Physical activity surveillance and related public policies should take into account the inequalities between the practice of men and women related to their socioeconomic conditions and the sexual division of labor.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde de Gênero , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Atividade Motora , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , ColômbiaRESUMO
Objectives To estimate the prevalence of occupation-, transportation- and leisure-related physical activity, its compliance with recommendations, and to explore its association with demographic and socioeconomic variables in men and women of the Department of Santander (Colombia). Methods The sample consisted of 2421 people between 15 and 64 years of age, participants in the Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases of Santander cross-sectional study, developed in 2010. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was used for data collection. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated and multivariate analysis models were built by sex using robust Poisson regression. Results The prevalence of occupational and leisure physical activity and compliance with recommendations were lower in women. Sexual division of labor and a low socioeconomic level negatively influenced physical activity in women, limiting the possibility of practice of those principally engaged in unpaid work at home. Young or single men and those living in higher socioeconomic areas were more likely to practice physical activity in leisure time and meet recommendations. Conclusion Physical activity surveillance and related public policies should take into account the inequalities between the practice of men and women related to their socioeconomic conditions and the sexual division of labor.