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Resumen El surgimiento y desarrollo de las tecnologías en salud ha hecho que se intensifique el papel de su evaluación en los últimos años, provocando un interés creciente en la Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud (ETES) en América Latina, a través de intentos por proporcionar información útil al tomador de decisiones. Este artículo presenta una revisión del estado del arte de ETES en Latinoamérica, a partir del análisis de publicaciones en revistas y eventos especializados. Se abordaron tres aspectos: elementos de evaluación, métodos que se aplican y políticas resultantes. Se encontraron los siguientes aspectos de evaluación: seguridad, eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia, económico-financieros, clínicos y técnicos, estos últimos con mayor desarrollo. Con respecto a los métodos, se encontraron propuestas de estrategias empíricas para el análisis de la información y la toma de decisiones. La generación de políticas públicas relacionadas con la ETES en América Latina es incipiente, apenas se están identificando las problemáticas nacionales y las estrategias a seguir para su solución. Por lo tanto, se aprecia una necesidad de seguir trabajando en el desarrollo de políticas, estrategias y métodos de ETES en la región Latinoamericana que permitan responder a las problemáticas en salud de la población de cada país.

Abstract The emergence and development of health technologies have intensified the role of their evaluation in recent years, causing a growing interest in the Evaluation of Health Technologies (ETES) in Latin America, through attempts to provide useful information to the decision-maker. This article presents a review of the state of the art of ETES in Latin America, from the analysis of publications in journals and specific events. Three aspects were addressed: evaluation elements, methods that are applied, and resulting policies. The following evaluation aspects were found: safety, efficacy, effectiveness and efficiency, economic-financial, clinical and technical, the latter with more significant development. Concerning the methods, proposals for empirical strategies for the analysis of information and decision making were found. The generation of public policies related to the HTA in Latin America is under development, national problems are hardly being identified, and the strategies to be followed for their solution. Therefore, there is a need to continue working on the development of policies, and methods of HTA in the Latin American region that allow responding to the health problems of the population of each country.

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Since 1974, the Bachelor of Biomedical Engineering Program (BBME) is offered at Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, in Mexico City. By design, it must be completed in four years (12 trimesters) and, in the latter three, the senior students work on a BME project, which is done by completing three modules: Project Seminar (PS), Project on BME I and Project on BME II. In the PS module, the student must find a problem of interest in the BME field and suggest a solution through the development of an Engineering Project Proposal (EPP). Currently, the module is being taught by two faculty members of the BBME, who instruct students on how to develop their EPPs and evaluate their progress by reviewing a number of EPPs during the trimester. This generates a huge workload for the module instructors, which makes it necessary to involve more faculty members trimester-to-trimester (i.e. every 12 weeks) and, therefore, to create a set of systematic guidelines that ease the evaluation process for new instructors. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present an assessment strategy (in the form of an assessment matrix) for the PS module as well as some preliminary results after two trimesters of its implementation.

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The impact within a known process due to the introduction of new technology may entail many factors such as workflow modification, increase of wait time, modification in service quality, and even cultural changes. The inclusion of these factors into a process affects its performance, but the implementation of innovations may counteract the impact and could even enhance the process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of the innovations implemented in the X Ray process by the estimation of the learning curves and the estimated time in which the maximum learning may be reached.

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The objective of this work is to show the modeling of a similarity function adapted to the medical environment using the logical-combinatorial approach of pattern recognition theory, and its application comparing the condition of patients with congenital malformations in the lip and/or palate, which are called cleft-primary palate and/or cleft-secondary palate, respectively. The similarity function is defined by the comparison criteria determined for each variable, taking into account their type (qualitative or quantitative), their domain and their initial space representation. In all, we defined 18 variables, with their domains and six different comparison criteria (fuzzy and absolute difference type). The model includes, further, the importance of every variable as well as a weight which reflects the surgical complexity of the cleft. Likewise, the usefulness of this function is shown by calculating the similarity among three patients. This work was developed jointly with the Cleft Palate Team at the Reconstructive Surgery Service of the Pediatric Hospital of Tacubaya, which belongs to the Health Institute of the Federal District in Mexico City.

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The scope of this paper is to evaluate the impact of PACS implementation in radiographic film (RF) savings at the Imaging Department at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico City, considering both Computed Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR) modalities. The PACS at the INER was installed in 2006, and the CT and CR have been operating entirely digitally since then. Therefore, the document evaluate three different periods, before the arriving of the PACS (2005), during the PACS installation (2006) and after PACS (2007). A set of indicators were designed to measure and visualize the impact of the PACS in the RF savings. Two templates are provided to define and to apply each one of the indicators proposed.

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Delivery of services to a patient has to be given with an acceptable measure of quality that can be monitored through the patient's satisfaction. The objective of this work was to innovate processes eliminating waste and non value-added work in processes done at the Imaging Department in the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER for its Spanish acronym) in Mexico City, to decrease the time a patient spends in a study and increase satisfaction. This innovation will be done using Lean Six Sigma tools and applied in a pilot program.

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The National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) recently acquired a PACS-RIS system. Its installation has caused the need to modify some processes related to the imaging department. The objective of this work was to identify all steps involved in the appointment set up process <--> image scanning <--> radiological diagnostic process as well as to detect operational problems in two imaging modalities: X-Ray and Tomography, and to propose a solution in order to get the optimal use of the PACS-RIS system.

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Countries receptive to technology are those who absorb and adapt knowledge coming from developed countries. Their capability for assimilating technology depends on factors related with the availability of facilities, financial resources and even, cultural differences. In order to prevent adverse events in the usage of the technology, it is important to analyze and to evaluate these factors. The objective of this work was to identify and to analyze the elements involved in the performance and use of a PACS, and to provide a guideline for its implementation in healthcare systems of countries receptive to technology based on the use of PACS in Mexico.

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Due to the wide variety of equipment existing in clinical areas, there is an important question: which and how often electrical safety tests most be applied to the medical equipment. There are important differences about the electrical safety, such as the electrical insulation or the hazard considering the connection between patient and electrical instrumentation. The objective of this work was to develop an Electrical Safety Priority Index for Medical Equipment(ESPIME) involving different classifications related with electrical safety, in order to provide a numeric code indicating the priority and frequency for applying the electrical safety tests to medical equipment. The index were applied to the medical equipment in critical care locations and the result,were used to defined which set of medical equipment would be the first for developing and applying electrical safety tests in a private hospital in Mexico City.

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The objective of this work was to develop an evaluation strategy for laboratory equipment on 18 indicators classified into four evaluation levels. 1) Equipment functionality. 2) Biomedical engineering department. 3) Equipment impact at the service and 4) Associated costs with the equipment...

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