RESUMO

Despite presenting a worse prognosis and being associated with highly aggressive tumors, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the higher frequency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, which have been implicated in better overall survival and response to therapy. Though recent studies have reported the capacity of B lymphocytes to recognize overly-expressed normal proteins, and tumor-associated antigens, how tumor development potentially modifies B cell response is yet to be elucidated. Our findings reveal distinct effects of 4T1 and E0771 murine tumor development on B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Notably, we observe a significant expansion of total B cells and plasma cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (tDLNs) as early as 7 days after tumor challenge in both murine models, whereas changes in the spleen are less pronounced. Surprisingly, within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of both models, we detect distinct B cell subpopulations, but tumor development does not appear to cause major alterations in their frequency over time. Furthermore, our investigation into B cell regulatory phenotypes highlights that the B10 Breg phenotype remains unaffected in the evaluated tissues. Most importantly, we identified an increase in CD19 + LAG-3 + cells in tDLNs of both murine models. Interestingly, although CD19 + LAG-3 + cells represent a minor subset of total B cells (< 3%) in all evaluated tissues, most of these cells exhibit elevated expression of IgD, suggesting that LAG-3 may serve as an activation marker for B cells. Corroborating with these findings, we detected distinct cell cycle and proliferation genes alongside LAG-3 analyzing scRNA-Seq data from a cohort of TNBC patients. More importantly, our study suggests that the presence of LAG-3 B cells in breast tumors could be associated with a good prognosis, as patients with higher levels of LAG-3 B cell transcripts had a longer progression-free interval (PFI). This novel insight could pave the way for targeted therapies that harness the unique properties of LAG-3 + B cells, potentially offering new avenues for improving patient outcomes in TNBC. Further research is warranted to unravel the mechanistic pathways of these cells and to validate their prognostic value in larger, diverse patient cohorts.

Assuntos

Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Microambiente Tumoral , Animais , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/patologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/imunologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Feminino , Camundongos , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteína do Gene 3 de Ativação de Linfócitos , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfonodos/patologia , Baço/imunologia , Baço/metabolismo , Baço/patologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C

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We studied epitaxial GaAs samples doped with Ge and Sn up to 1×1019 cm -3, which were stored in a dry and dark environment for 26 years. The optical response of the GaAs samples was determined through the photoluminescence and photoreflectance techniques, taken at different times: just after their fabrication in 1995, 2001 and 2021. The evolution of defects formed by the action of O 2 in the samples and their correlation with doping with Ge and Sn impurities were studied. We obtained the result that aging formed defects of type vacancies, mainly As, which produced energy levels of deep traps linked to the L band. The concentration of vacancies over the 26 years could be as large as 1017 cm -3, and these vacancies form complexes with doping impurities.

RESUMO

Bingham-type fluids are crucial in many industries and in geology. This study examines their behavior in reinforcing fractured rocks. Rheological properties were derived from experimental data of a water-cement mixture. Computational simulations were conducted using Lattice Boltzmann Method, with a modification to the relaxation parameter. Behavior of these mixtures in narrow ducts that widen and narrow suddenly, common in fractured rocks, was analyzed. Comparing Bingham and Newtonian fluids in various duct shapes provided insight into pressure distribution. Findings demonstrate that both cement-water mixtures, with or without addition of cement, adhere to Forchheimer flow patterns. Furthermore, it is observed that Newtonian fluids generate more intense vortices in expansive and contractive areas, resulting in higher pressure drops compared to Bingham plastics. The ultimate goal is to propose a predictive model based on mortar reinforcement for fractured rocks, taking into account rheological properties and water-cement ratio, thus reducing the need for costly experiments.

RESUMO

The aging dynamics of materials used to build the active part of optoelectronic devices is a topic of current interest. We studied epitaxial samples of GaAs doped with Ge and Sn up to 1×1019 cm-3, which were stored in a dry and dark environment for 26 years. Photoluminescence spectra were taken in three periods: 1995, 2001 and 2021. In the last year, time-resolved photoluminescence, Raman, and X-ray measurements were also performed to study the evolution of defects formed by the action of O2 in the samples and its correlation with the doping with Ge and Sn impurities. We found that oxygen formed oxides that gave off Ga and As atoms, leaving vacancies mainly of As. These vacancies formed complexes with the dopant impurities. The concentration of vacancies over the 26 years could be as large as 1×1018 cm-3.

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This study examines the potential for widespread solar photovoltaic panel production in Mexico and emphasizes the country's unique qualities that position it as a strong manufacturing candidate in this field. An advanced model based on artificial neural networks has been developed to predict solar photovoltaic panel plant metrics. This model integrates a state-of-the-art non-linear programming framework using Pyomo as well as an innovative optimization and machine learning toolkit library. This approach creates surrogate models for individual photovoltaic plants including production timelines. While this research, conducted through extensive simulations and meticulous computations, unveiled that Latin America has been significantly underrepresented in the production of silicon, wafers, cells, and modules within the global market; it also demonstrates the substantial potential of scaling up photovoltaic panel production in Mexico, leading to significant economic, social, and environmental benefits. By hyperparameter optimization, an outstanding and competitive artificial neural network model has been developed with a coefficient of determination values above 0.99 for all output variables. It has been found that water and energy consumption during PV panel production is remarkable. However, water consumption (33.16 × 10-4 m3/kWh) and the emissions generated (1.12 × 10-6 TonCO2/kWh) during energy production are significantly lower than those of conventional power plants. Notably, the results highlight a positive economic trend, with module production plants generating the highest profits (35.7%) among all production stages, while polycrystalline silicon production plants yield comparatively lower earnings (13.0%). Furthermore, this study underscores a critical factor in the photovoltaic panel production process which is that cell production plants contribute the most to energy consumption (39.7%) due to their intricate multi-stage processes. The blending of Machine Learning and optimization models heralds a new era in resource allocation for a more sustainable renewable energy sector, offering a brighter, greener future.

Assuntos

Energia Solar , México , Silício , Centrais Elétricas , Alocação de Recursos

RESUMO

Introducción: Los microplásticos son pequeñas partículas de plástico, de menos de 5 milímetros de tamaño, que están presentes en nuestro entorno, incluyendo el agua, los alimentos y el aire que respiramos. Aunque su presencia es preocupante desde una perspectiva ambiental, también plantea riesgos para la salud humana, dado que la exposición a estos puede ocurrir a través de múltiples vías, por ejemplo, la ingestión de alimentos y agua contaminados, así como la inhalación de partículas presentes en el aire. Objetivo: Describir los riesgos y daños asociados con el microplástico a nivel de la salud de las personas y del medio ambiente desde una perspectiva de metabolismo, sociedad y naturaleza. Posición: Se evidencian múltiples actores y diversos factores que favorecen a la problemática, pero desde el metabolismo social naturaleza, se puede identificar que el consumidor juega un papel fundamental. No obstante, se requiere de la participación de múltiples actores para lograr frenar o reducir las consecuencias propias de esta situación. Conclusiones: Se logra entender que es una problemática, que se fortalece con el paso del tiempo y aún permanece invisible en algunos campos, pero que requiere una intervención inmediata y profunda, se destaca que abordar este problema requiere un enfoque integral y colaborativo que involucre a diversos actores, incluyendo a los gobiernos, la industria, la sociedad civil y los consumidores(AU)

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Introduction: Micro plastics are small plastic particles, smaller than 5 millimeters, that are present in our environment, including water, food and the air we breathe. Although their presence is concerning from an environmental perspective, it also poses risks to human health, given that exposure to them can occur through multiple pathways; for example, ingestion of contaminated food and water, as well as inhalation of airborne particles. Objective: To describe the risks and damages associated with microplastic at the level of people's health and the environment from a metabolism, society and nature perspective. Position: Multiple actors and various factors are evident favoring this issue, but from the nature social metabolism the consumer is identified to play a fundamental role. However, the participation of multiple actors is required to stop or reduce the consequences of this situation. Conclusions: It is possible to understand that it is a problem that strengthens with time and still remains invisible in some fields, but requires immediate and profound intervention. It is highlighted that addressing this problem requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach involving diverse actors, including governments, industry, civil society, and consumers(AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Pública/educação , Ecologia Humana , Meio Ambiente e Saúde Pública , Microplásticos

RESUMO

We calculate energies of shallow donors confined in a rolled-up quantum well in the presence of the electric field by solving numerically the Schrödinger equation in natural curvilinear coordinates. It is found that the curves of density of states (DOSs) are very sensitive to the variation of the donor position, the geometry of the spiral and the applied electric field value. Novel results for dependencies of donor's dipole moment and its polarizability on the electric field strength and its orientation, for different donor positions are presented. Additionally, we found that the anisotropic Stark effect of the first order provides in this structure a dependency of the polarizability on the external electric field in a spike-like shape, giving rise to a sharp variation of the dipole moment.

RESUMO

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa músculo-esquelética, porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa músculo-esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, en el VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2máx que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2máx y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.

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Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. e Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever um perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica segundo o sexo, as posições de jogo e a categoria de idade. Foram avaliados 99 jogadores juvenis (43 mulheres e 56 homens; 18 armadores, 51 alas e 30 pivôs; 42 na categoria U16 e 57 na categoria U18) de oito equipes diferentes. A experiência esportiva dos jogadores foi de 6,5 ± 3,1 anos. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura, peso, índice de massa corporal, massa musculoesquelética e porcentagem de gordura, teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) e teste de Yo-Yo de Recuperação Intermitente Nível I. Os principais resultados mostraram valores significativamente maiores em homens do que em mulheres com relação ao peso, tamanho, massa muscular esquelética, distância percorrida no teste Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura no SCM e no tempo de voo. A porcentagem de gordura foi maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os jogadores pivôs apresentaram significativamente maior estatura, peso corporal e porcentagem de gordura do que as outras posições de jogo. Os armadores e os alas cobriram mais metros no teste Yo-Yo e tiveram maior VO2max do que os pivôs. Entre as categorias U16 e U18 não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em nenhuma variável. Modelos de regressão mostraram a influência do peso, da porcentagem de gordura corporal, da massa musculoesquelética e da idade no VO2max e SCM. Conclui-se, portanto, que esses indicadores variam segundo o sexo e as posições dos jogadores. Além disso, essa informação será útil para processos de fomentação, desenvolvimento e desenho de treinamentos de basquete juvenil na Costa Rica.

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Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 21(1), 1-17. The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Basquetebol/fisiologia , Exercício Físico , Antropometria , Costa Rica

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify the most important variables of male and female beach handball workload demands and compare them by sex. A total of 92 elite Brazilian beach handball players (54 male: age 22.1 ± 2.6 years, height 1.8 ± 0.5 m, weight 77.6 ± 13.4 kg; and 38 female: age 24.4 ± 5.5 years, height 1.7 ± 0.5 m, weight 67.5 ± 6.5 kg) were analyzed in 24 official matches during a four-day congested tournament. From 250 variables measured by the inertial measurement unit, fourteen were extracted for analysis using Principal Component Analysis as selection criteria. Five Principal Components (PC) were extracted that explained 81.2-82.8% of total variance (overview of workload demands during beach handball). Specifically, 36.2-39.3% was explained by PC1 (DistanceExpl, Distance, Distance4-7 km/h, and Acc), 15-18% by PC2 (AccMax, Acc3-4 m/s, Dec4-3 m/s), 10.7-12.9% by PC3 (JumpsAvg Take-Off, JumpsAvg Landing and PLRT), 8-9.4% by PC4 (Distance> 18.1 km/h, SpeedMax), and 6.7-7.7% by PC5 (HRAvg and Step Balance). Sex-related differences were found in the PC distribution of variables, as well as in selected variables (HRAvg, Dec4-3 m/s, Acc3-4 m/s, JumpsAvg Take-Off, JumpsAvg Landing, AccMax, Distance, Distance4-7 km/h, Acc, SpeedMax) with higher values in male players (p < .05). In conclusion, the sex-related PC distribution and workload demands in beach handball should consider for training design and injury prevention programs.

RESUMO

A theoretical analysis of optical properties in a ZnS/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell spherical quantum dot was carried out within the effective mass approximation. The corresponding Schrödinger equation was solved using the finite element method via the 2D axis-symmetric module of COMSOL-Multiphysics software. Calculations included variations of internal dot radius, the application of electric and magnetic fields (both oriented along z-direction), as well as the presence of on-center donor impurity. Reported optical properties are the absorption and relative refractive index change coefficients. These quantities are related to transitions between the ground and first excited states, with linearly polarized incident radiation along the z-axis. It is found that transition energy decreases with the growth of internal radius, thus causing the red-shift of resonant peaks. The same happens when the external magnetic field increases. When the strength of applied electric field is increased, the opposite effect is observed, since there is a blue-shift of resonances. However, dipole matrix moments decrease drastically with the increase of the electric field, leading to a reduction in amplitude of optical responses. At the moment impurity effects are activated, a decrease in the value of the energies is noted, significantly affecting the ground state, which is more evident for small internal radius. This is reflected in an increase in transition energies.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency with increased susceptibility to several bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria, caused by defective or null superoxide production by the NADPH oxidase enzymatic complex. Accepted treatment consists mainly of antimicrobial prophylaxis. The role of human recombinant subcutaneous interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is less clear since the available evidence on its efficacy derives mainly from a single clinical trial that has been challenged. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of IFNγ as an added treatment for CGD when compared to antimicrobial prophylaxis alone. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using MeSH terms "Chronic granulomatous disease" AND ("interferon gamma" OR "interferon-gamma"), as well as antibiotics, placebo, no therapy, clinical trial, and trial, on MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, WHOs, CENTRAL, KOREAMED, The Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, and abstracts from meetings, from 1976 to July 2022. We included clinical trials (CT) and prospective follow-up studies and registered the number of serious infections (requiring hospitalization and IV antibiotics) and deaths, adverse events, and autoimmune complications, in patients treated for CGD with antimicrobial prophylaxis plus IFN-γ, versus antimicrobial prophylaxis alone. We assessed the quality of the studies using risk of bias and STROBE. We performed a meta-analysis by calculating both Peto's odds ratio (OR) and risk reduction (RR) through the Mantel-Haenszel method with a fixed-effect model, using Review Manager 5.4, and we reported the number needed to treat (NNT). RESULTS: We identified 54 matches from databases and 4 from other sources. We excluded 12 duplicates, 7 titles, and 9 abstracts for relevance, after which we had 30 eligible studies. Twenty-four were then excluded after reading the full text. Six papers were included: one randomized CT and 5 follow-up studies. In total, 324 patients with Chronic granulomatous disease were followed for 319 months under treatment with antibiotic prophylaxis plus interferon-gamma or placebo (or antibiotic prophylaxis alone), reported between the years 1991 and 2016. Three of the studies included a control group, allowing for the aggregate analysis of efficacy (prevention of serious infections). The aggregate OR was 0.49, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.19 to 1.23. The risk ratio for serious infection was 0.56 (95%CI 0.35-0.90) under IFN-γ. The meta-analysis thus favors interferon-gamma for a risk reduction of serious infection. DISCUSSION: The results from this meta-analysis support the use of IFN-γ in the treatment of patients with CGD. However, we found insufficient clinical evidence and believe more clinical trials are needed to better assess the efficacy and long-term safety of IFN-γ.

Assuntos

Antibacterianos , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Antibioticoprofilaxia

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a public health problem worldwide; it has reached pandemic proportions in the last 40 years. Its prevalence in children and adolescents increased from 0.7% to 7.8% between 1975 and 2016. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as regulatory factors related to molecular functions under different conditions. These can be used as biomarkers of a disease to estimate risks in the early stages. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the expression levels of miRNAs associated with childhood obesity and their relationships with biochemical parameters and Health-related Physical Fitness (HRPF). METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which a population of 40 children between 6 and 10 years of age of both sexes from Cali, Colombia, was evaluated; the children were classified as 20 normal-weight and 20 obese. Blood biochemistry, HRPF, and miRNA expression levels were determined (hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-191-5p, hsa-miR-486-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p. Comparisons were made between the groups, miRNA associations between the studied variables, and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Twenty normal-weight and 20 obese patients were evaluated. Both groups had an average age of eight years old. The miRNA hsa-miR-122-5p (p < 0.05) was overexpressed in the obese group. According to the linear regression analysis, the amount of adipose tissue may be associated with the production of miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsamiR- 191-5p). CONCLUSION: Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p, and hsa-miR- 191-5p) are associated with modifications in biochemical variables of HRPF in this group. Adipose tissue mass could be associated with the production of these miRNAs, thus making them biomarkers of childhood obesity risk.

Assuntos

MicroRNA Circulante , MicroRNAs , Obesidade Infantil , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNA Circulante/genética , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Biomarcadores

RESUMO

Many studies simulate carbon taxes with computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, but there is scarce evidence about how other environmental taxes implemented simultaneously reinforce or lessen the impacts. This study aims to determine the individual and combined effect of taxes on CO2 and other local air pollutants (SO2, NOX, and PM) currently applied in Chile. A flexible CGE model is used to sensitize the results, allowing two nested production structures to be compared. Both nested production structures include a high disaggregation of the energy sector that considers different fossil fuels and renewable energies. The results show that environmental taxes reduce between 5.4% and 6.9% of net CO2 equivalent emissions in the most realistic scenarios. In addition, the carbon tax explains 84%-85% of the drop in net CO2 equivalent emissions, 81%-82% of the reduction in fossil energy consumption, 76%-78% of the decline in GDP, and generates co-benefits by reducing local air pollutants. The tax on PM emissions is the second more relevant to reduce net CO2 equivalent emissions, while taxes on SO2 and NOX emissions have marginal effects. By comparing the impacts of both structures to previous studies based on microdata, it is concluded that the KL-EM provides the best results.

Assuntos

Poluentes Atmosféricos , Poluição do Ar , Poluição do Ar/prevenção & controle , Poluição do Ar/análise , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Chile , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Impostos , Carbono

RESUMO

We examined the effects of different small-sided games (SSG) configurations on heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and running demands in soccer players. Twelve male soccer players (U18) participated in this randomized cross-over study. Players performed three SSG in different "fixed" and "dynamic" pitch sizes (3v3 in large (SSGL) and small (SSGS) fixed area; or 3v3 in dynamic dimensions [SSGD]), with 4x4 minutes interspersed by 2 minutes of rest. HR measures (maximum [HRmax], average [HRavg], and percentage of maximum [%HRmax]), RPE, and running demands were collected across the SGG sessions. The following running activities were recorded: total distance covered (TD), distance covered (DC) at 6-12 km·h-1, ≥ 12-18 km·h-1, and >18 km·h-1, peak running speed, acceleration (ACC) and deceleration (DEC) at 1-2 m·s-2 and 2-3 m·s-2, player load, and high metabolic load distance (HMLD). SSGL displayed higher HRavg, %HRmax, and RPE values than SSGS (p < 0.05). SSGL resulted in higher TD, DC at 6-12 km·h-1, ≥ 12-18 km·h-1, > 18 km·h-1, and higher peak speed than SSGS and SSGD (p < 0.05). Moreover, SSGD presented higher TD and DC at 6-12 km·h-1 and ≥ 12-18 km·h-1 than SSGS (p < 0.05). In contrast, SSGD and SSGS showed higher number of ACC and DEC at 1-2 m·s-2 than SSGL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the pitch size and playing area of the SSG can be manipulated to promote desired physiological and physical demands in young soccer players.HighlightsWe examined how fixed (small and large) or variable (dynamic) pitch sizes affected the psychophysiological and running demands of young soccer players during small-sided games.Small-sided games with larger pitch sizes and areas per player elicited greater psychophysiological and running demands than small areas.The pitch size designed in the current study does not appear to affect the number of acceleration and deceleration (> 2 m·s-2).Varying the pitch size during the small-sided games (i.e. dynamic condition) could be an interesting constraint to be considered by soccer coaches in order to enhance task variability.

Assuntos

Desempenho Atlético , Frequência Cardíaca , Esforço Físico , Corrida , Futebol , Humanos , Masculino , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Desempenho Atlético/psicologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Corrida/fisiologia , Corrida/psicologia , Futebol/fisiologia , Futebol/psicologia , Estudos Cross-Over

RESUMO

Research background: Soursop nectar contains antioxidants and is preserved by pasteurization. However, this technology impairs its physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds. An alternative is therefore thermoultrasound, which could counteract these effects. The thermosonicated nectar was compared with a pasteurized one and the in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants was estimated. Experimental approach: The soursop nectar (25 %) was processed and the response surface methodology was used to determine the optimal conditions for thermoultrasound treatment (TUS). The TUS (75-90 % amplitude, 3.15-15 min) was applied, and 2 % stevia and 6 % agave inulin were added as sweeteners. The microbiological, physicochemical, enzymatic and antioxidant properties were analyzed. The properties of thermosonicated nectar obtained under optimal conditions were compared with pasteurized nectar. In addition to the above determinations, microstructure, total dietary fiber (TDF) and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants were determined. Results and conclusions: The response variables that fit the mathematical model were L*, b*, chroma (C*), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity determined by ABTS•+, DPPH˙ and Fe(III) reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The L* and DPPH˙ were affected by quadratic time and TPC by time (p<0.0001). The optimum TUS condition was 82 % amplitude for 9.15 min and the responses variables were L*, b* and C* (45.48, 3.55 and 3.62, respectively), TPC expressed as gallic acid equivalents (38.40 mg/100 mL), ABTS•+ expressed as Trolox equivalents (TE) (31.28 µmol/100 mL), DPPH˙ expressed as TE (124.22 µmol/100 mL) and FRAP expressed as Fe(II) (3.06 µmol/100 mL). Compared to the pasteurized sample, thermosonicated sample had high values of L* (45.56), h° (-56.49), TPC (26.63 mg/100 mL), ABTS•+ and DPPH˙ (22.03 and 129.22 µmol/100 mL, respectively), FRAP (3.10 µmol/100 mL) and low pectin methylesterase (PME) activity (0.28 U/mL). For in vitro bioaccessibility, thermosonicated nectar showed high absorption of TPC (15.26/100 mL) and high antioxidant activity determined by ABTS (34.92 µmol/100 mL) and FRAP (7.88 µmol/100 mL). Novelty and scientific contribution: The thermoultrasound improves the physicochemical properties and in vitro bioaccessibility of antioxidants in soursop nectar. On the other hand, as an alternative, this beverage offers low-calorie alternative with prebiotic properties that benefits consumer health.

RESUMO

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. & Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight different teams. The sports experience of the players was 6.5 ± 3.1 years. The following parameters were assessed: height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage, countermovement test (CMJ) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level I. The main results showed significantly higher values in men than in women in terms of weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, distance covered in the yo-yo test, VO2max, height in CMJ and in flight time. Body fat percentage was higher in women than in men. Centers showed significantly higher height, weight and body fat percentage than other play positions. Guards and forwards covered more meters in the yo-yo test and showed higher VO2max than centers. No significant differences were found between the U16 and U18 categories in any variable. Regression models showed the influence of weight, body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and age on VO2max and CMJ. In conclusion, these indicators varied according to the sex and play position of the players. Additionally, this information will be useful for processes of promotion, development and training design of youth basketball in Costa Rica.

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Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. y Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa de músculo esquelética y porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa muscular esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2max que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2max y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.

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Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Ugalde-Ramírez, A., Pino-Ortega, J., Trejos-Montoya, J.A., Blanco-Romero, L., Sánchez-Ureña, B., Gutiérrez-Vargas, J.C. e Rojas-Valverde, D. (2022). Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 20(2), 1-15. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever um perfil antropométrico, aeróbico e de potência muscular de jogadores juvenis de basquete da Costa Rica segundo o sexo, as posições de jogo e a categoria de idade. Foram avaliados 99 jogadores juvenis (43 mulheres e 56 homens; 18 armadores, 51 alas e 30 pivôs; 42 na categoria U16 e 57 na categoria U18) de oito equipes diferentes. A experiência esportiva dos jogadores foi de 6,5 ± 3,1 anos. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: altura, peso, índice de massa corporal, massa musculoesquelética e porcentagem de gordura, teste de salto com contramovimento (SCM) e teste de Yo-Yo de Recuperação Intermitente Nível I. Os principais resultados mostraram valores significativamente maiores em homens do que em mulheres com relação ao peso, tamanho, massa muscular esquelética, distância percorrida no teste Yo-Yo, VO2max, altura no SCM e no tempo de voo. A porcentagem de gordura foi maior em mulheres do que em homens. Os jogadores pivôs apresentaram significativamente maior estatura, peso corporal e porcentagem de gordura do que as outras posições de jogo. Os armadores e os alas cobriram mais metros no teste Yo-Yo e tiveram maior VO2max do que os pivôs. Entre as categorias U16 e U18 não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em nenhuma variável. Modelos de regressão mostraram a influência do peso, da porcentagem de gordura corporal, da massa musculoesquelética e da idade no VO2max e SCM. Conclui-se, portanto, que esses indicadores variam segundo o sexo e as posições dos jogadores. Além disso, essa informação será útil para processos de fomentação, desenvolvimento e desenho de treinamentos de basquete juvenil na Costa Rica.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Basquetebol , Antropometria , Costa Rica , Movimento

RESUMO

Introducción: La glucosa es el combustible energético cerebral, esta relación es establecida de manera integral en la inmensa mayoría de revisiones, debido al ávido consumo -y casi exclusivo - glucósico por parte del tejido neuronal. En esta esfera, la hipoglucemia se traduce por defecto en un conjunto de síntomas neurológicos, resultado del estado neuroglucopénico. Cuando la caída de estos niveles glicémicos es pronunciada desencadena alteraciones del estado sensorial, pudiendo llegar al coma con daños irreversibles de sostenerse en el tiempo. Propósito de la revisión: El objetivo de la revisión es presentar un caso de hipoglucemia severa sin sintomatología neuroglucopénica. Recientes hallazgos: Al ausencia de sintomatología neurológica se da debido al consumo del lactato ­ tradicionalmente producto anaerobiótico ­ como una vía metabólica energética alternativa al consumo de glucosa. La hipoglucemia puede ser compensada a nivel neurológico con sistemas lanzadores de lactato en el tejido neuronal, este puede sustituir a la glucosa como sustrato energético del cerebro. Conclusiones: La hipoglicemia sin síntomas adrenérgicos o neuroglucopénicos es un tema vinculado a pacientes oncológicos, y propone al lactato como combustible del tejido nervioso adicional a la glucosa. Por otra parte, la asociación lactato = hipoperfusión, es otra entidad que debe ser revisada y reanalizada por todo lo que implica el lactato dentro de la vía fisiopatológica metabólica corporal.

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Introduction: Glucose is the cerebral energy fuel; this relationship is fully established in most re-views due to neuronal tissue's avid and almost exclusive glucose consumption. In this sphere, hypoglycemia is translated by default into a set of neurological symptoms resulting from the neuroglycopenic state. When the drop in these glycemic levels is pronounced, it triggers alterations in the sensory state, being able to reach a coma with irreversible damage if sustained over time. Purpose of the review: The objective is to present a case of severe hypoglycemia without neu-roglycopenic symptoms. Recent findings: The absence of neurological symptoms is due to the consumption of lactate ­ traditionally an anaerobic product ­ as an alternative energy metabolic pathway to glucosa consumption. Hypoglycemia can be compensated at the neurological level with lactate launching systems in neuronal tissue, replacing glucose as the brain's energy substrate. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia without adrenergic or neuroglycopenic symptoms is an issue linked to cancer patients, and lactate is proposed as fuel for nervous tissue in addition to glucose. On the other hand, the lactate-hypoperfusion association is another entity that must be reviewed and reanalyzed for everything that lactate implies within the body's metabolic pathophysiological pathway.

Assuntos

Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ácido Láctico , Hipoglicemia , Oncologia , Encefalopatias Metabólicas , Ácido Pirúvico , Anaerobiose

RESUMO

Abstract The quantification of training load has become mandatory for coaches and team staff. Within the analyzed variables, distance covered at different speed zones is one of the most studied. However, there is no consensus in the definition of speed zones in the published articles about each team sport, so it makes difficult a comparison between them. Therefore, the purposes of this article were to establish a criteria standard in the classification of speed zones in team sports and to analyze its practical application in basketball. Five speed categories were established for basketball following the methodology described above: 0-10km/h, >10-13.8 km/h, >13.8-17.6 km/h, >17.6-21.5 km/h, and >21.5 km/h. The results showed differences between periods in high-speed displacements and sprints, maximum speed, total decelerations, and accelerations. In conclusion, the categorization of workload based on standard deviation according to maximum speed could be a viable option to individualize the analysis of distance covered per speeds in team sports such as basketball. Its use may lead to a better understanding and contextualization of the locomotion data in specific sports and teams.

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Resumen La cuantificación de la carga de entrenamiento se ha convertido en una obligación para el personal entrenador y el personal técnico en los deportes de equipo. Dentro de las variables analizadas, la distancia recorrida en distintas zonas de velocidad es una de las más estudiadas. Sin embargo, no existe consenso en la definición de zonas de velocidad en los artículos publicados sobre cada uno de estos deportes, por lo que dificulta la comparación entre ellos. Por tanto, los objetivos de este artículo fueron establecer un criterio estándar en la clasificación de zonas de velocidad en los deportes de equipo y analizar su aplicación práctica en baloncesto. Se establecieron cinco categorías de velocidad para el baloncesto siguiendo la metodología descrita anteriormente: 0-10 km/h, >10-13,8 km/h, >13,8-17,6 km/h, >17,6-21,5 km/h y >21,5 km/h. Los resultados muestran entre períodos en desplazamientos de alta velocidad y esprints, velocidad máxima, desaceleraciones y aceleraciones totales. En conclusión, la categorización de las demandas basadas en la desviación estándar, según la velocidad máxima, podría ser una opción viable para individualizar el análisis de la distancia recorrida por velocidades en deportes de equipo como el baloncesto. Su utilización puede ayudar a una mejor comprensión y contextualización de los datos de desplazamientos en deportes y equipos específicos.

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Resumo A quantificação da carga de treinamento se tornou uma obrigação para treinadores e pessoal técnico em esportes coletivos. Entre as variáveis analisadas, a distância percorrida em diferentes zonas de velocidade é uma das mais estudadas. Entretanto, não há consenso na definição de zonas de velocidade nos artigos publicados sobre cada esporte coletivo, o que torna difícil a comparação entre eles. Portanto, os objetivos deste artigo eram estabelecer um critério padrão na classificação das zonas de velocidade nos esportes coletivos e analisar sua aplicação prática no basquetebol. Foram estabelecidas cinco categorias de velocidade para o basquetebol seguindo a metodologia descrita acima: 0-10 km/h, >10-13,8 km/h, >13,8-17,6 km/h, >17,6-21,5 km/h, >21,5 km/h. Os resultados mostram entre períodos de alta velocidade e sprints, velocidade máxima, desacelerações e acelerações totais. Em conclusão, a categorização das demandas com base no desvio padrão de acordo com a velocidade máxima poderia ser uma opção viável para individualizar a análise da distância percorrida pelas velocidades em esportes coletivos como o basquetebol. Seu uso pode ajudar a compreender e contextualizar melhor os dados de movimento em esportes e equipes específicas.

Assuntos

Humanos , Basquetebol/educação , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/classificação

RESUMO

Resumen Un sobreviviente de cáncer padece continuamente manifestaciones autonómicas debidas a la enfermedad, su tratamiento oncológico, y el estrés psicológico con que se enfrenta continuamente. Una de las medidas psicofisiológicas utilizada para la valoración del estrés es la disminución de la temperatura periférica. En contraparte, los procedimientos psicológicos de relajación para el manejo de estrés buscan incrementar la temperatura. Sin embargo, se desconoce si esta respuesta es igual en todas pacientes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar los cambios de temperatura durante un protocolo de estrés psicosocial y relajación en pacientes sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el autorreporte de dolor y su interferencia con el funcionamiento psicosocial. Los resultados mostraron variaciones de temperatura periférica en las pacientes; sin embargo, no todas las pacientes presentaron el mismo patrón de temperatura, encontrando 3 subgrupos de pacientes, cuyas trayectorias lineales de temperatura permitieron generar un pronóstico afectivo para el manejo de estrés. Por autorreporte, no se encontraron diferencias psicosociales entre los subgrupos, aunque sí se encontró una asociación inversa entre la interferencia del sueño y la temperatura periférica. Se concluye que la temperatura periférica permite distinguir a las pacientes que se les dificulta el manejo del estrés psicosocial de aquellas que se benefician de los procedimientos psicológicos de relajación.

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Abstract A cancer survivor continually suffers from autonomic manifestations due to the disease, their cancer treatment, and the psychological stress they continually face. One of the psychophysiological measures used to assess stress is the decrease in peripheral temperature. In contrast, psychological relaxation procedures for stress management seek to increase temperature. However, it is unknown if this response is the same in all patients. This research examined breast cancer survivors' temperature changes during psychosocial stress and relaxation protocol. Additionally, self-reported pain and its interference with psychosocial functioning were evaluated. The results showed peripheral temperature variations in the patients; however, not all patients presented with the same temperature pattern, finding three subgroups of patients whose linear temperature trajectories allowed generating an affective prognosis for stress management. By self-report, no psychosocial differences were found between the subgroups, although an inverse association between sleep interference and peripheral temperature was found. It is concluded that peripheral temperature distinguishes patients who find it challenging to manage psychosocial stress from those who benefit from psychological relaxation procedures.

RESUMO

Bacterial cellulose (BC) samples were obtained in a static culture of K. xylinus under the effect of a low-intensity magnetic field, UV light, NaCl, and chloramphenicol. The effect of such stimuli on the amount of BC produced and its production rate, specific area, pore volume, and pore diameter were evaluated. The polysaccharide production was enhanced 2.28-fold by exposing K. xylinus culture to UV light (366 nm) and 1.7-fold by adding chloramphenicol (0.25 mM) to the medium in comparison to BC control. All the stimuli triggered a decrease in the rate of BC biosynthesis. BC membranes were found to be mesoporous materials with an average pore diameter from 21.37 to 25.73 nm. BC produced under a magnetic field showed the lowest values of specific area and pore volume (2.55 m2 g-1 and 0.024 cm3 g-1), while the BC synthesized in the presence of NaCl showed the highest (15.72 m2 g-1 and 0.11 cm3 g-1). FTIR spectra of the BC samples also demonstrated changes related to structural order. The rehydration property in these BC samples is not mainly mediated by the crystallinity level or porosity. In summary, these results support that BC production, surface, and structural properties could be modified by manipulating the physical and chemical stimuli investigated.