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El análisis de impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA) es un método relativamente económico, rápido y no invasivo para la determinación de la composición corporal. El ángulo de fase (PhA) es un indicador de la salud celular y de la integridad de la membrana y parece estar relacionado con la capacidad física y el rendimiento deportivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue el de analizar las posibles relaciones entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética (SMM%) y entre PhA y el porcentaje de masa grasa (FM%) en una población caucásica sana, con un amplio rango de edad. Se analizaron 210 sujetos caucásicos sanos (99 mujeres y 111 hombres), de edades comprendidas entre 20 y 70 años. Se utilizó un dispositivo BIA mano-pie (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) para la determinación de los parámetros bioeléctricos y un escáner DXA de cuerpo entero QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) para la determinación de SMM% y FM%. Se observaron correlaciones significativas positivas fuertes entre PhA y SMM%, independientemente de la franja de edad, (0,520-0,687; p < 0,01) y correlaciones significativas negativas fuertes (o moderadas/fuertes) entre PhA y FM% (0,492-0,657; p < 0,01), también independientemente de la franja de edad. Estas correlaciones indican que PhA podría utilizarse como marcador para ver la evolución de un sujeto activo, sea deportista o no. Se recomienda, por tanto, el desarrollo y la validación de nuevas ecuaciones para determinar la masa muscular y la masa grasa, que incluyan PhA como parámetro bioeléctrico.
SUMMARY: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, economic and fast method for body composition assessment. Phase angle (PhA) is considered an indicator of cellular health and cell membrane integrity, and it seems to be related to physical capacity and performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible relationships between PhA and skeletal muscle mass percentage (SMM%) and between PhA and fat mass percentage (FM%) in a healthy Caucasian population with a wide age range. 210 healthy Caucasian participants (99 women and 111 men), aged 20-70 years were analyzed. A BIA foot-to-hand body composition analyzer (BIA-101, AKERN-Srl, Firenze, Italy) was used to determine bioelectrical parameters, and a whole body DXA scanner QDR, serie Horizon (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) was used for SMM% and FM% assessment. Irrespective of age range, strong positive significant correlations were observed between PhA and SMM% (0.520-0.687; p < 0.01) and strong (or moderate/strong) negative significant correlations were observed between PhA and FM% (0.492-0.657; p < 0.01). These correlations indicate that PhA could be used as a marker to monitor the evolution of an active subject, whether an athlete or not. It would be useful to develop and validate new equations for skeletal muscle mass and fat mass assessment, which include PhA as a bioelectrical parameter.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Composição Corporal , Impedância Elétrica , Absorciometria de Fóton , Desempenho AtléticoRESUMO
AuNPs are synthesized through several methods to tune their physicochemical properties. Although AuNPs are considered biocompatible, a change in morphology or properties can modify their biological impact. In this work, AuNPs (~12 to 16 nm) capping with either sodium citrate (CA) or gallic acid (GA) were evaluated in a rat aorta ex vivo model, which endothelial inner layer surface is formed by glycocalyx (hyaluronic acid, HA, as the main component), promoting vascular processes, most of them dependent on nitric oxide (NO) production. Results showed that contractile effects were more evident with AuNPsCA, while dilator effects predominated with AuNPsGA. Furthermore, treatments with AuNPsCA and AuNPsGA in the presence or absence of glycocalyx changed the NO levels, differently. This work contributes to understanding the biological effects of AuNPs with different capping agents, as well as the key role that of HA in the vascular effects induced by AuNPs in potential biomedical applications.
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Bacteria from the genus Paenibacillus make a variety of antimicrobial compounds, including lipopeptides produced by a non-ribosomal synthesis mechanism (NRPS). In the present study, we show the genomic and phenotypical characterization of Paenibacillus elgii AC13 which makes three groups of small molecules: the antimicrobial pelgipeptins and two other families of peptides that have not been described in P. elgii. A family of lipopeptides with [M + H]+ 1664, 1678, 1702, and 1717 m/z was purified from the culture cell fraction. Partial characterization revealed that they are similar to tridecaptin from P. terrae. However, they present amino acid chain modifications in positions 3, 7, and 10. These new variants were named tridecaptin G1, G2, G3, and G4. Furthermore, a gene cluster was identified in P. elgii AC13 genome, revealing high similarity to the tridecaptin-NRPS gene cluster from P. terrae. Tridecaptin G1 and G2 showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (including a multidrug-resistant strain), Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Tri G3 did not show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans at all tested concentrations. An intriguing feature of this family of lipopeptides is that it was only observed in the cell fraction of the P. elgii AC13 culture, which could be a result of the amino acid sequence modifications presented in these variants.
Assuntos
Lipopeptídeos , Paenibacillus , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Lipopeptídeos/química , Staphylococcus aureus , Paenibacillus/genética , Paenibacillus/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/química , Escherichia coli/metabolismoRESUMO
Resumen: La información genética y genómica requiere regulaciones estrictas para su manejo adecuado con el fin de evitar la divulgación inapropiada y la discriminación secundaria, pues tiene una relación directa con los derechos fundamentales y los principios bioéticos. De ahí la necesidad de evaluar la regulación colombiana existente, por lo que se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en bases de datos del 2000 al 2020, sitios web del Congreso de la República de Colombia, la Comisión de Reforma de la Ley Australiana y la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, para identificar las falencias y los aciertos en la jurisprudencia actual del manejo, el control y la accesibilidad de la población colombiana a las pruebas e información genética. Se toma como referente Australia para comprender y plantear mejoras. Se encontró que en Colombia la información genética se cataloga como sensible (Sentencia C-334-10) con regulaciones inespecíficas sin norma legislativa. En contraste, Australia dispone de directrices bioéticas específicas, penalización y protocolos que abarcan las implicaciones individuales y colectivas descritas en el Privacy Legislation Amendment Act del 2006. Es necesario que en Colombia se cree una regulación jurídica específica para la información genética y genómica con énfasis en pautas de uso sobre la privacidad, la divulgación y la no discriminación.
Abstract: Genetic and genomic information requires strict regulations for its proper handling in order to avoid inappropriate disclosure and secondary discrimination, since it is directly related to fundamental rights and bioethical principles. Hence the need to evaluate the existing Colombian regulation, for which a systematic review of the literature was carried out on databases from 2000 to 2020, websites of the Congress of the Republic of Colombia, the Australian Law Reform Commission and the Constitutional Court of Colombia, to identify the shortcomings and the successes in the current jurisprudence of the management, control and accessibility of the Colombian population to tests and genetic information. Australia is taken as a reference to understand and propose improvements. It was found that in Colombia genetic information is classified as sensitive (Sentence C-334-10) with non-specific regulations without legislative norm. In contrast, Australia has specific bioethical guidelines, criminalization and protocols that cover the individual and collective implications described in the Privacy Legislation Amendment Act of 2006. It is necessary that a specific legal regulation be created for genetic and genomic information with emphasis on usage guidelines on privacy, disclosure and non-discrimination in Colombia.
Resumo: As informações genéticas e genômicas requerem regulamentações rígidas para o seu correto manuseio, a fim de evitar a divulgação inadequada e a discriminação secundária, pois está diretamente relacionada aos direitos fundamentais e aos princípios bioéticos. Daí a necessidade de avaliar a regulamentação colombiana existente, para a qual foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura em bancos de dados de 2000 a 2020, sites do Congresso da República da Colômbia, da Comissão Australiana de Reforma da Lei e do Tribunal Constitucional da Colômbia, identificar as deficiências e os sucessos na jurisprudência atual da gestão, controle e acessibilidade da população colombiana a testes e informação genética. A Austrália é tomada como referência para entender e propor melhorias. Constatou-se que na Colômbia a informação genética é classificada como sensível (Sentença C-334-10) com regulamentações não específicas sem norma legislativa. Por outro lado, a Austrália possui diretrizes bioéticas específicas, criminalização e protocolos que abrangem as implicações individuais e coletivas descritas na Lei de Emenda à Legislação de Privacidade de 2006. É necessário que na Colômbia seja criada uma regulamentação legal específica para informações genéticas e genômicas com ênfase no uso diretrizes sobre privacidade, divulgação e não discriminação.
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RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la configuración morfológica de los jugadores de fútbol de un equipo de la primera división italiana y compararlo con las investigaciones publicadas en las últimas décadas. Un total de 23 jugadores fueron evaluados a mitad de temporada, mediante el método de campo antropométrico y tratados los valores con el software KINBIA®. Se estableció que el somatotipo de la muestra es ecto-mesomorfo (1,52 - 4,7 - 2,63) y no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre las posiciones de juego. Se realizó una representación gráfica de los somatotipos por posición de juego y la migración del somatotipo de las investigaciones de fútbol de las últimas décadas. Se concluye que el futbolista de élite actual ha reducido más el componente endomórfico y que, en el mismo equipo, existen diferencias no significativas en el somatotipo según la posición de juego que desempeñen. El territorio de influencia de estos deportistas en la somatocarta ha ido evolucionando en las dos últimas décadas desplazándose desde la mesomorfia balanceada hacia la ecto-mesomorfia.
SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological configuration of soccer players of an Italian first division team and to compare it with research published in recent decades. A total of 23 players were evaluated at mid-season, using the anthropometric field method and the values were processed with the KINBIA® software. It was established that the somatotype of the sample is ecto-mesomorphic (1,52 - 4,7 - 2,63) and no significant differences were found between playing positions. A graphical representation of the somatotypes by playing position and somatotype migration from soccer researches of the last decades was made. It is concluded that the current elite soccer player has reduced the endomorphic component and there are non-significant differences in somatotype according to the playing position. The territory of influence of these athletes in the somatochart has been evolving over the last two decades, shifting from balanced mesomorphy to ecto-mesomorphy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Futebol , Somatotipos , Valores de Referência , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , ItáliaRESUMO
RESUMEN: El análisis y el control de la composición corporal son claves en el fútbol por su implicación en el rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, en jugadores de futbol profesional, el ángulo de fase (PhA) de miembros inferiores con los posibles patrones de mejora del componente magro en los mismos medido por DEXA. Al mismo tiempo, se estudió mediante BIA la evolución de parámetros hídricos de los jugadores, sometidos a un entrenamiento intenso y a un control nutricional de su alimentación y suplementación. Se evaluaron a 18 jugadores (26,28 ± 5,1 años; 85,09 ± 9,16 kg; 185,5 ± 4,32 cm) de un equipo de la primera división de fútbol italiana. Se llevó a cabo el estudio durante cuatro semanas, entre el 11 de julio (pre-test) y el 11 de agosto de 2021 (post-test). La intervención se llevó a cabo en su totalidad en pretemporada, con un confinamiento en modalidad de aislamiento o burbuja total por prevención al contagio del COVID-19, dónde se monitorizaba en un alto porcentaje la vida del jugador, incluyendo factores como la alimentación, el entrenamiento y el descanso. La suplementación estuvo basada en antioxidantes, multivitamínicos, minerales y ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y dos productos en polvo (uno a base de creatina, glutamina y leucina, y otro, a base de aminoácidos esenciales). Los jugadores presentaron una mejora del PhA y del componente magro en los miembros inferiores, con una moderada correlación (r = 0,6). Con respecto al agua intracelular y extracelular, señalar que, a pesar de la alta intensidad del ejercicio durante cuatro semanas, éstas se han mantenido constantes sin presentar variaciones significativas durante el periodo de estudio, lo que indica que no se ha producido un proceso de deshidratación del jugador.
SUMMARY: The analysis and control of body composition is essential in soccer due to its implication in performance. The aim of this study was to identify, in professional soccer players, the phase angle (PhA) of the lower limbs with possible patterns of improvement of the lean component measured by DEXA. At the same time, the evolution of hydric parameters of the players, subjected to intense training and nutritional control of their diet and supplementation, was studied by means of BIA. Eighteen players (26.28 ± 5.1 years; 85.09 ± 9.16 kg; 185.5 ± 4.32 cm) from an Italian first division football team were evaluated. The study was conducted for four weeks, between 11th July (pre- test) and 11th August of 2021 (post-test). The intervention was carried out entirely in pre-season, with confinement in isolation or total bubble mode for prevention of COVID-19 infection, where a high percentage of the player's life was monitored, including factors such as diet, training and rest. Supplementation was based on antioxidants, multivitamins, minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids and two powdered products (one based on creatine, glutamine and leucine, and the other one, on essential amino acids). The players showed an improvement in PhA and in the lean component in the lower limbs, with a moderate correlation (r = 0.6). With regard to intracellular and extracellular water, it should be noted that, despite the high intensity of exercise during four weeks, these have remained constant without significant variations during the study period, indicating that there has not been a process of dehydration of the player.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Futebol , Composição Corporal , Extremidade Inferior , Absorciometria de Fóton , Impedância Elétrica , Desempenho AtléticoRESUMO
The AuNPs have been used in biomedicine as therapeutic tools for cancer. However, its role in the context of respiratory physiology has been little studied. This study aimed to determine the impact of AuNPs on respiratory smooth muscle tone, using a model of isolated tracheal rings from female and male rats precontracted with acetylcholine (ACh). AuNPs exerted a contractile effect only in the concentration of 100 ug/ml. This contractile effect was not modified by gender. The possible mediator +could be nitric oxide (NO), measured in a physiological solution containing the tracheal rings treated with different concentrations of AuNPs. The results obtained in this study show that the AuNPs are bio-inert in a concentration range of 0.1-10 µg/mL; however, 100 µg/mL could trigger airway hyperresponsiveness. Similar effects were obtained in isolated trachea rings treated with 100 µg/mL HAuCl4. An evaluation of HAuCl4 in physiological buffer at various HEPES concentrations (0-20 mM) showed the formation of AuNPs that could explain the contractile effect on the tracheal smooth muscle.
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Paenibacillus elgii AC13 produces antimicrobial lipopeptides of agricultural and pharmaceutical importance. It secretes four cyclic lipopeptides named pelgipeptins, previously characterized in P. elgii B69. These lipopeptides result from the expression of a nonribosomal peptide gene cluster. P. elgii AC13 also produced two linear lipopeptides with ratios of [M + H] + 1105 and 1119 m/z. These compounds were previously observed in Paenibacillus sp. strain OSY-N, but due to purification difficulties, their characterization was executed using synthetically produced linear pelgipeptins. In the present study, purification was achieved from the supernatants of cultures from three complex media by high-performance liquid chromatography. The partial characterization of linear pelgipeptins revealed the similar antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of their synthetically produced counterparts, known as paenipeptins. Cyclic forms were highly stable to changes in pH, temperature, and organic extraction with n-butanol as shown by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF); therefore, these steps did not cause the hydrolysis of pelgipeptins. A low-activity thioesterase could also generate the linear isoforms observed; this enzyme catalyzes the cyclization process and is coded in the same gene cluster. Alternatively, the cyclic forms were hydrolyzed by an unknown protease produced during growth in the complex medium used in the present study. Although culture conditions are known to produce pelgipeptins with different yields and amino acid compositions, the occurrence of linear and cyclic forms simultaneously has not yet been reported. A mixture of cyclic and linear pelgipeptins presents a potential advantage of the higher antimicrobial activity of cyclic forms combined with the lower cytotoxicity of linear isoforms.
Assuntos
Lipopeptídeos , Paenibacillus , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopeptídeos/química , Lipopeptídeos/genética , Lipopeptídeos/isolamento & purificação , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Paenibacillus/química , Paenibacillus/genéticaRESUMO
RESUMEN: El confinamiento por pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha agravado la condición física y nutricional de los deportistas de élite, modificando la rutina de los entrenamientos. La bioimpedancia (BIA) estudia la composición corporal y es utilizada para valorar la evolución de las intervenciones médicas, deportivas y nutricionales. El objetivo del estudio fue observar si una intervención nutricional y una prescripción de actividad física específicas pudieron atenuar los cambios hídricos, de composición corporal, y ángulo de fase (PhA) tras el confinamiento por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 en una población de futbolistas de élite. En un grupo de 22 futbolistas profesionales (Serie A, Calcio, Italia) se evaluó la BIA antes (febrero 2020) y después (mayo 2020) del confinamiento por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2. Durante el periodo de confinamiento se aplicó una intervención nutricional y prescripción de actividad física específicas. Las medidas de los participantes se realizaron de forma protocolizada, usando material antropométrico y un impedanciómetro multifrecuencia, octopolar y segmental de la marca Tanita modelo MC-780MA. Se aplicó la prueba t de Student para muestras relacionadas. No se observaron diferencias significativas antes y después del periodo de intervención, en el grado de hidratación y composición corporal (masa muscular y masa grasa). Por el contrario, se evidenció un cambio significativo en el PhA. Estos datos nos permiten poder tener una referencia de que intervenciones nutricionales y de actividad física pueden minimizar o disminuir el impacto de un confinamiento en la composición corporal. No obstante, este tipo intervención no fue capaz de atenuar los efectos del confinamiento sobre el PhA, considerado un indicador de la salud celular. Así mismo, aportamos una gráfica vectorial de referencia, mediante SpecificBIVA, de esta población.
SUMMARY: The confinement due to a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has aggravated the physical and nutritional condition of elite athletes, modifying their training routine. Bioimpedance (BIA) studies body composition and is used to assess the evolution of medical, sports and nutritional interventions. The objective of the study was to observe if a specific nutritional intervention and prescription of physical activity could attenuate the changes in water, body composition, and phase angle (PhA) after confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a population of professional soccer players. In a group of (22 professional soccer players (Serie A, Calcio, Italy) the BIA was evaluated before (February 2020) and after (May 2020) the confinement due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. During the confinement period, a specific nutritional intervention and prescription of physical activity was applied. The measurements of the participants were carried out in a standardized way, using anthropometric material and a multifrequency, octopolar and segmental impedance measurer of the "Tanita" brand model MC-780MA. Student's T test was applied for related samples. No significant differences were observed before and after the intervention period, in the degree of hydration and body composition (muscle mass and fat mass). On the contrary, a significant change in PhA was evidenced. These data allow us to hav a reference for nutritional and physical activity interventions that can minimize or reduce the impact of confinement on body composition. However, this type of intervention was not able to attenuate the effects of confinement on PhA, considered an indicator of cellular health. Likewise, we provide a reference vector graph, using Specific BIVA, of this population.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Futebol , Composição Corporal , Quarentena , COVID-19 , Impedância Elétrica , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. China reported the first case of COVID-19 in December 2019, and a few months later, the World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. Oral ulcers in adult patients have been associated with COVID-19. However, no cases have yet been documented in children. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor has been identified in tissues of the oral cavity. Studies have identified the tongue as the site with the highest expression of ACE2, and the oral epithelium, gingival epithelium, and salivary glands as sites of lesser extent expression. ACE2 expression is lower in children and varies with age. SARS-CoV-2 in saliva has been identified in various studies, which suggests that this could be a useful sample for diagnosis. However, its presence in saliva would indicate the high risk of contagion of this fluid.
Resumen La COVID-19 es una nueva enfermedad causada por el SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave). El primer caso de COVID-19 se reportó en China en diciembre de 2019, y unos meses después la Organización Mundial de la Salud la declaró como una pandemia. En pacientes adultos se han asociado úlceras orales a la COVID-19; en niños aún no se han documentado casos. El receptor de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina 2 (ECA2) se ha identificado en tejidos de la cavidad oral. Los estudios han identificado que la lengua es el sitio con mayor expresión del receptor de la ECA2, y el epitelio bucal, el epitelio gingival y las glándulas salivales lo son en menor medida. La expresión de la ECA2 es menor en los niños y va aumentando con la edad. En diversos estudios se ha identificado el SARS-CoV-2 en la saliva, lo que sugiere que podría ser una muestra útil para el diagnóstico de este virus. Sin embargo, su presencia en saliva indicaría un alto riesgo de contagio de este fluido.
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Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Úlceras Orais/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , COVID-19/complicações , Saliva/virologia , Fatores Etários , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Teste para COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Boca/virologiaRESUMO
Systemic mycoses have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised hosts and long-term hospitalized patients. Conventional antifungal agents are limited because of not only their costs and toxicity but also the rise of resistant strains. Lipopeptides from Paenibacillus species exhibit antimicrobial activity against a wide range of human and plant bacterial pathogens. However, the antifungal potential of these compounds against important human pathogens has not yet been fully evaluated, except for Candida albicans. Paenibacillus elgii produces a family of lipopeptides named pelgipeptins, which are synthesized by a non-ribosomal pathway, such as polymyxin. The present study aimed to evaluate the activity of pelgipeptins produced by P. elgii AC13 against Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Candida spp. Pelgipeptins were purified from P. elgii AC13 cultures and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The in vitro antifugal activity of pelgipeptins was evaluated against C. neoformans H99, P. brasiliensis PB18, C. albicans SC 5314, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, and C. albicans biofilms. Furthermore, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined according to the CLSI microdilution method. Fluconazole and amphotericin B were also used as a positive control. Pelgipeptins A to D inhibited the formation and development of C. albicans biofilms and presented activity against all tested microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 4 to 64 µg/mL, which are in the same range as fluconazole MICs. These results highlight the potential of pelgipeptins not only as antimicrobials against pathogenic fungi that cause systemic mycoses but also as coating agents to prevent biofilm formation on medical devices.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. China reported the first case of COVID-19 in December 2019, and a few months later, the World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. Oral ulcers in adult patients have been associated with COVID-19. However, no cases have yet been documented in children. The angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor has been identified in tissues of the oral cavity. Studies have identified the tongue as the site with the highest expression of ACE2, and the oral epithelium, gingival epithelium, and salivary glands as sites of lesser extent expression. ACE2 expression is lower in children and varies with age. SARS-CoV-2 in saliva has been identified in various studies, which suggests that this could be a useful sample for diagnosis. However, its presence in saliva would indicate the high risk of contagion of this fluid.
Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Saúde Bucal , Úlceras Orais/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Teste para COVID-19 , Criança , Humanos , Boca/virologia , Saliva/virologiaRESUMO
La estimulación apical permanente del ventrículo derecho (VD) puede producir asincronía del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) desde los puntos de vista eléctrico y mecánico. Este fenómeno es efecto de una alteración de la activación normal del VI que lleva al deterioro de la función sistólica y la aparición de insuficiencia cardíaca y sus efectos deletéreos relacionados. Para el estudio de la asincronía eléctrica del VI se ha propuesto en fecha reciente el nuevo sistema electrocardiográfico no invasivo Synchromax, que puede cuantificar el grado de asincronía eléctrica que causa una subsecuente asincronía mecánica. Esta última se ha estudiado casi siempre mediante la ecocardiografía transtorácica bidimensional (ETT2D) a través del Doppler tisular y la deformación miocárdica y ahora con la ecocardiografía tridimensional transtorácica en tiempo real (E3DTR). La relación entre estos fenómenos ha sido motivo de estudio a fin de identificar a los pacientes que se benefician de la transición a un tratamiento de resincronización cardíaca. Conclusiones: La estimulación artificial permanente del VD produce asincronía eléctrica del VI que puede cuantificarse mediante el nuevo sistema electrocardiográfico Synchromax y desencadenar asincronía mecánica estudiada mediante la ecocardiografía transtorácica para reconocer a los pacientes que pueden beneficiarse de un tratamiento de resincronización cardíaca.Permanent apical pacing of right ventricle (RV) can produce dyssynchrony of the left ventricle (LV) from an electrical and mechanical point of view. This phenomenon is caused by an alteration in the normal activation of LV leading to a deterioration of systolic function and the appearance of heart failure and its associated deleterious effects. For the study of the electrical asynchrony of the LV, a new noninvasive electrocardiographic system Synchromax has recently been proposed, being able to quantify the degree of electrical asynchrony that leads to a subsequent mechanical dyssynchrony. Th e latter has been traditionally studied by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) through tissue Doppler and myocardial deformation and lately by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). The relationship between these phenomena has been the subject of study to predict those patients who benefit from an "upgrade" to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Conclusions: Permanent apical pacing of the RV produces electrical dyssynchrony of the LV that can be quantified using a new electrocardiographic system Synchromax and trigger mechanical asynchrony studied through transthoracic echocardiography allowing to predict those patients who benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Assuntos
Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/efeitos adversos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Ecocardiografia , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Humanos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Resumen La estimulación apical permanente del ventrículo derecho (VD) puede producir asincronía del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) desde los puntos de vista eléctrico y mecánico. Este fenómeno es efecto de una alteración de la activación normal del VI que lleva al deterioro de la función sistólica y la aparición de insuficiencia cardíaca y sus efectos deletéreos relacionados. Para el estudio de la asincronía eléctrica del VI se ha propuesto en fecha reciente el nuevo sistema electrocardiográfico no invasivo Synchromax, que puede cuantificar el grado de asincronía eléctrica que causa una subsecuente asincronía mecánica. Esta última se ha estudiado casi siempre mediante la ecocardiografía transtorácica bidimensional (ETT2D) a través del Doppler tisular y la deformación miocárdica y ahora con la ecocardiografía tridimensional transtorácica en tiempo real (E3DTR). La relación entre estos fenómenos ha sido motivo de estudio a fin de identificar a los pacientes que se benefician de la transición a un tratamiento de resincronización cardíaca. Conclusiones: La estimulación artificial permanente del VD produce asincronía eléctrica del VI que puede cuantificarse mediante el nuevo sistema electrocardiográfico Synchromax y desencadenar asincronía mecánica estudiada mediante la ecocardiografía transtorácica para reconocer a los pacientes que pueden beneficiarse de un tratamiento de resincronización cardíaca.
Abstract Permanent apical pacing of right ventricle (RV) can produce dyssynchrony of the left ventricle (LV) from an electrical and mechanical point of view. This phenomenon is caused by an alteration in the normal activation of LV leading to a deterioration of systolic function and the appearance of heart failure and its associated deleterious effects. For the study of the electrical asynchrony of the LV, a new noninvasive electrocardiographic system Synchromax has recently been proposed, being able to quantify the degree of electrical asynchrony that leads to a subsequent mechanical dyssynchrony. The latter has been traditionally studied by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) through tissue Doppler and myocardial deformation and lately by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE). The relationship between these phenomena has been the subject of study to predict those patients who benefit from an upgrade to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Conclusions: Permanent apical pacing of the RV produces electrical dyssynchrony of the LV that can be quantified using a new electrocardiographic system Synchromax and trigger mechanical asynchrony studied through transthoracic echocardiography allowing to predict those patients who benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/efeitos adversos , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Ecocardiografia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia Tridimensional , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodosRESUMO
Las alteraciones hematológicas pueden tener el primer signo en la cavidad oral y los signos varían dependiendo de la línea celular que se encuentre afectada: eritrocitos, leucocitos y plaquetas. La formación de las células sanguíneas se lleva a cabo en la médula ósea a través de un proceso denominado hematopoyesis que se encarga de la formación, desarrollo y especialización de todas sus células sanguíneas funcionales, pasan de células troncales pluripotenciales a células hematopoyéticas maduras que emergen a la sangre periférica. El odontólogo debe ser capaz de identificar los distintos signos en la cavidad oral que podrían sugerir que el paciente padece un trastorno hematológico, el cual podría complicar el tratamiento dental. La identificación oportuna de estos signos a través de una minuciosa exploración física y la historia clínica completa evita que se presenten complicaciones en el paciente y que éstas puedan poner en riesgo su vida, por lo que al encontrar algún signo sugerente de un trastorno hematológico debe referirse al paciente con el hematólogo (AU)
Hematological alterations may be the first sign in the oral cavity and symptoms vary depending on the cell line that is affected: Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The formation of blood cells are held in the bone marrow through a process called hematopoiesis, which is responsible for training, development and specialization in all its functional blood cells, they move from pluripotent stem cell to hematopoietic cells mature emerging to peripheral blood. The dentist must be able to identify the different signs in the oral cavity that could suggest that the patient has a haematological disorder, which could complicate dental treatment. The timely identification of these signs through a thorough physical examination and the complete clinical history prevents complications from occurring in the patient and may put their lives at risk, so when finding any sign suggestive of a hematological disorder should refer to the patient with the hematologist (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Manifestações Bucais , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/classificação , Doenças Hematológicas , Doenças Periodontais , Plaquetas , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Úlceras Orais , Eritrócitos , LeucócitosRESUMO
El laboratorio clínico es un área de soporte de la medicina y pertenece al grupo de los auxiliares de diagnóstico. Se pueden encontrar dentro de hospitales, clínicas o establecimientos externos; dependiendo del tamaño del laboratorio, son las áreas y pruebas que se pueden realizar. Analizan todos los componentes y productos del cuerpo humano (sangre, saliva, etc.), obteniendo más información sobre el estado de salud del paciente complementado con una historia clínica minuciosa y la exploración física completa, confi rman un diagnóstico o proporcionan información útil sobre el estado del paciente y la respuesta al tratamiento. En la práctica odontológica, de rutina se envían los estudios preoperatorios donde evaluamos un cuadro clínico conocido, identifi camos pacientes de alto riesgo en busca de alguna nueva enfermedad que pudiera modifi car o complicar la intervención quirúrgica. Es obligatorio que el odontólogo sepa la existencia de las pruebas y sus indicaciones, enviarlas cuando sean necesarias y no escatimar en estudios complementarios si así lo requiere el paciente. Y en caso de detectar una anomalía en los resultados, se debe referir al paciente a un especialista (AU)
The clinical laboratory is a support area for medicine and belongs to the group of auxiliaries for the diagnostic. They can be found inside hospitals, clinics or external sites, depending on the size of the laboratory, the areas and the tests that can be performed. Analyze all the components and products of the human body (blood, saliva, etc.), obtaining more information about the state of the patient's health, complementing with a detailed clinical history and the complete physical examination, confi rming a diagnosis or useful information about the state of the patient and the response to treatment. In routine dental practice, preoperative studies are sent where a known clinical condition is evaluated, identify high-risk patients and in search of a new disease that can modify or complicate the surgical intervention. It is mandatory that the dentist knows the existence of the tests and their indications when things are necessary and do not skimp on complementary studies if the patient so requires. And in case of detecting an anomaly in the results, the patient should be referred to a specialist (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico Clínico , Assistência Odontológica para Doentes Crônicos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Nível de Saúde , Liberação de CirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Regardless of the type of electrical stimulation (VVI or DDD) the highest percentage of right ventricular apical pacing can cause left ventricular failure. For this reason, studies have been performed in different sites on right ventricle pacing. OBJECTIVE: To describe differences between electrocardiography and echocardiography variables during right ventricular apical pacing and septal pacing. METHODS: A total of 24 patients were studied, 2 women and 22 men, with heart failure due to conventional pacing on right ventricular (ejection fraction ≤ 35%). An electrocardiogram as well as an echocardiogram, was performed during right ventricular apical pacing and when patients were paced on septal area. RESULTS: The ejection fraction increased from 31 ± 3.1% to 45 ± 12% (P=.0041) on septal pacing, showing higher degree of mechanic synchronisation. CONCLUSIONS: Pacing on septal area could be a good site for those patients that suffer heart failure due to right ventricular apical pacing. These must show narrow QRS on their intrinsic electrocardiographic conduction. This kind of pacing can produce an improvement in electromechanical synchronisation, as well as show an increased left ventricular ejection fraction.
Assuntos
Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/epidemiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Adulto , Idoso , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia , Estimulação Elétrica , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/etiologiaRESUMO
A Paenibacillus elgii strain isolated from soil samples from Cerrado, Brazil, showed antimicrobial activity. Its genome sequence was acquired (GS20 FLX Titanium 454 platform) and comprises 108 contigs (N50, 198,427 bp) and 6,810 predicted sequences. Here, we shed some light on the antimicrobial genes of the strain, including a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) module identified as part of a pelgipeptin gene cluster.
RESUMO
Aims: His bundle pacing has shown to prevent detrimental effects from right ventricular apical pacing (RVA) and proved to resynchronize many conduction disturbances cases. However, the extent of His bundle pacing resynchronization is limited. An optimized stimulation waveform could expand this limit when implemented in His bundle pacing sets. In this work, we temporarily implemented RVA and Non-selective His bundle pacing with a biphasic anodal-first waveform (AF-nHB) and compared their effects against sinus rhythm (SR). Methods and results: Fifteen patients referred for electrophysiologic study with conduction disturbances, cardiomyopathy and ejection fraction below 35% were enrolled for the study. The following acute parameters were measured: QRS duration, left ventricular activation (RLVT), time of isovolumic contraction (IVCT), ejection fraction (EF), and dP/dtmax. QRS duration and RLVT decreased markedly under AF-nHB (SR: 169 ± 34 ms vs. nHB: 116 ± 31 ms, P < 0.0005) while RVA significantly increased QRS duration (SR: 169 ms vs. RVA: 198 ms, P < 0.05) and did not change RLVT (P = NS). Consistently, IVCT moderately decreased under AF-nHB (SR: 238 ms vs. RVA: 184 ms, P < 0.05 vs. SR) and dP/dtmax showed a 93.35 [mmHg] average increase under AF-nHB against SR. Also, T-wave inversions were observed during AF-nHB immediately after SR and RVA pacing suggesting the occurrence of cardiac memory. Conclusions: AF-nHB corrected bundle branch blocks in patients with severe conduction disturbances, even in those with dilated cardiomiopathy, outstanding from RVA. Also, the occurrence of cardiac memory during AF-nHB turned up as an observational finding of this study.
Assuntos
Fascículo Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio de Ramo , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Idoso , Argentina , Bloqueio de Ramo/diagnóstico , Bloqueio de Ramo/etiologia , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Bloqueio de Ramo/terapia , Cardiomiopatias/complicações , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Técnicas Eletrofisiológicas Cardíacas/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Independientemente de la modalidad de estimulación (VVI o DDD), el mayor porcentaje de estimulación ventricular derecha deteriora la función contráctil izquierda. Por ello se han estudiado diferentes sitios de estimulación. Objetivo: Describir las diferencias electrocardiográficas y ecocardiográficas entre la estimulación en la región apical y la región septal del ventrículo derecho (VD)0. Métodos: Se estudió a 24 pacientes, 2 mujeres y 22 hombres, con fracción de eyección deprimida (≤ 35%) secundaria a estimulación en punta de VD. Se realizó electrocardiograma durante estimulación en ápex de VD y en seguimiento de estimulación septal. También ecocardiografía en ambos momentos. Resultados: La fracción de eyección se incrementó desde 31 ± 3.1% hasta 45 ± 12% (p = 0.0041) con estimulación septal; esta mostró mejor grado de sincronía mecánica. Conclusiones: La estimulación septal puede constituir un sitio de elección en pacientes con disfunción sistólica de ventrículo izquierdo secundaria a estimulación en ápex de VD, los cuales presenten QRS estrecho en su conducción intrínseca, pues en la muestra estudiada produce una mejoría en la sincronía electromecánica, demostrándose incrementos significativos en la fracción de eyección.
Abstract Introduction: Regardless of the type of electrical stimulation (VVI or DDD) the highest percentage of right ventricular apical pacing can cause left ventricular failure. For this reason, studies have been performed in different sites on right ventricle pacing. Objective: To describe differences between electrocardiography and echocardiography variables during right ventricular apical pacing and septal pacing. Methods: A total of 24 patients were studied, 2 women and 22 men, with heart failure due to conventional pacing on right ventricular (ejection fraction ≤ 35%). An electrocardiogram as well as an echocardiogram, was performed during right ventricular apical pacing and when patients were paced on septal area. Results: The ejection fraction increased from 31 ± 3.1% to 45 ± 12% (P=.0041) on septal pacing, showing higher degree of mechanic synchronisation. Conclusions: Pacing on septal area could be a good site for those patients that suffer heart failure due to right ventricular apical pacing. These must show narrow QRS on their intrinsic electrocardiographic conduction. This kind of pacing can produce an improvement in electro- mechanical synchronisation, as well as show an increased left ventricular ejection fraction.