RESUMO

The objective of this study is to analyze the physical activity levels among the ethnic groups in La Guajira, Colombia, according to the different ethnic groups and their sociodemographic factors. With regards to ethnic groups, two groups were studied, ethnic (Indigenous and Afro-Colombian) and non-ethnic (White or Mestizo). In order to obtain the relevant data a non-probability sample of 251 people of ≥18 years of age were asked to complete the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In this analysis, physical activity (METs.min-1) levels were considered as the dependent variable, while the independent variables were linked to the sociodemographic factors: sex, age, social class, civil status, educational level, and municipality of residence. The individuals were then categorized based on their physical activity levels and their compliance with the World Health Organization's (WHO) physical activity recommendations. Next, using the sociodemographic variables, regression models were made to determine the likelihood of the participants meeting these physical activity targets; these models found that 78.1% of the studied participants met the targets. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, participants of ≥47 years of age, and those with only a primary education presented a lower probability of complying with the physical activity recommendations, while those who lived in large municipalities (Riohacha) displayed a larger probability of compliance [OR = 2.16; 95% CI: (1.18-3.96)]. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis showed that Indigenous and Afro-Colombian people in a low social class are more likely to comply with the physical activity recommendations [ORad = 4.88; 95% CI: (1.31-18.1)], while residing in a smaller municipality (Manaure) is associated with a lower probability of compliance [ORad = 0.39; 95% CI: (0.16-0.91)]. In addition, the educated participants were shown to be active and to comply with the physical activity recommendations is to a high degree, even when compared with national and global results. In the ethnic group however, low social class stood out as the sociodemographic factor most associated with high physical activity, while Afro-Colombians were shown to be more active than the Indigenous people. The results of this study offer evidence that can either form a base for future research.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Las tablas y bases de datos de composición de alimentos (TCA/BDCA) son herramientas de valoración dietética. Objetivo: identificar las diferentes TCA empleadas como instrumento para estimar ingesta de nutrientes en Ecuador. La recogida de información se realizó a través de informadores-clave, cuestionarios auto-administrados, complementadas con búsquedas webs institucionales. A las TCA/BDCA identificadas se realizó análisis de contenido sobre variables generales y metodológicas. TCA referidas: Ecuatoriana-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). Se reportaron 7 TCA y 3 BDCA, 8 Latinoamericanas y 2 Españolas. Una TCA elaborada por método-directo (ecuatoriana), 7 por método-indirecto, 2 sin-información. 6 TCA/BDCA definieron nutrientes, 9 refirieron valores (100g/ porción-comestible). Para realizar una correcta estimacion de ingesta, es necesario contar con una TCA ecuatoriana actualizada. Ecuatoriana-1965 presenta pocos alimentos analizados y, métodos analíticos no-actualizados. Las autoras aconsejan el uso de TCA-INCAP, dado que la lista de alimentos refleja similitud con alimentos ecuatorianos. Además INCAP dispone BDCA para incorporar recetas.

Tables and food composition databases (FCT/FCDB) are tools used for dietetic evaluation. Objective: to identify different FCT used as an instrument to estimate the nutrient intake in Ecuador. The collection of data was made through key informants -self completed questionnaires-, supplemented with institutional web research. An analysis of content was performed to the identified FCT/FCDB by general and methodological variables. Referenced tables were: Ecuadorian-1965 (70%), INCAP (60%), México (60%). 7 FCT and 3 FCDB were reported, 8 from Latin America and 2 from Spain. One table was constructed by direct method (Ecuadorian-table), 7 by indirect, and 1 had no Information. 6 FCT/FCDB defined the nutrients, 9 expressed values per (100g/ edible portion). In order to asses a proper ingest in Ecuador, it is necessary to have an updated ecuadorian FCT, Ecuadorian-1965 shows few analyzed foods and, not updated analytic techniques. The authors recommend the usage of FCT-INCAP, due to its food list reflects similarities with ecuadorian foods. In addition, INCAP disposes of a FCDB in which ecuadorian recipes can be included.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Antecedentes: la obesidad es un problema de salud pública en España. Los medios de comunicación son una herramienta útil para la salud pública. Objetivo: explorar el tratamiento periodístico de la obesidad en la prensa escrita española durante 2000-2005, frecuencia de aparición, fuentes de información y enfoques, en relación con el contexto social. Materiales y métodos: análisis de contenido cuantitativo de 690 noticias publicadas en El País, El Mundo y ABC. Cálculo de frecuencias y odds ratio (OR) con intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% y significación estadística. Resultados: incrementaron las noticias de 2000 (n=25) a 2005 (n=185). Se centraron en denuncias (36,4%) y magnitud del problema (15,7%), en detrimento de aquellas sobre iniciativas-estrategias políticas (3,8%). Destacan los hombres como fuentes informativas principales (75,5%) y las mujeres como primeras firmantes de las noticias (56,1%). Los hombres del ámbito médico-sanitario (OR=1,98;IC95%,1,11-3,57) y las mujeres del ámbito político (OR=2,54;IC95%1,46-4,42) tienen mayor probabilidad de ser la fuente informativa principal. Conclusiones: la cobertura periodística de la obesidad durante 2000-2005 aumentó, coincidiendo con el desarrollo de respuestas políticas en torno al tema. Principalmente, se denuncia el problema. Destaca la escasa cobertura periodística de iniciativas-estrategias políticas, sugiriendo incipiente interacción entre la agenda política y mediática.

Antecedents: obesity is a public health problem in Spain. Mass media are considered a useful tool for public health. Objectives: to explore press coverage of obesity in Spanish newspapers between 2000-2005, taking into account the social context in relation to frequency of occurrence, main sources of information and focus. Materials and methods: quantitative content analysis of 690 news published in El Pais, El Mundo and ABC were performed. Calculation of frequencies and odds ratio (OR) with confidence intervals (CI) of 95% and statistical significance were performed. Results: press coverage of obesity increased between 2000 (n=25) to 2005 (n=185). Mainly it was focused on complaints (36,4%) and magnitude of the problem (15,7%) at the expense of news about initiatives-political strategies (3,8%). It was highlighted that men were the main sources of information (75,5%) and women as first signatories of the news (56,1%). Men from the medical/sanitary field (OR=1,98;CI95%,1,11-3,57) and women from the field of policy (OR= 2,54; CI95%,1,46-4,42) were more likely to be the main source of information. Conclusions: media coverage of obesity in the period 2000-2005 increased, coinciding with the development of policy responses on this issue. Mainly, the news has reported the existence of the problem. It highlights the limited coverage of initiatives-policy strategies that could be related to an incipient interaction between the political and the media agenda.

Assuntos

RESUMO

AIM: To explore the criteria used to assess public policy initiatives on obesity in Spain by the main stakeholders. METHODS: Multicriteria mapping was performed within the framework of the European PorGrow Project "Policy options for responding to obesity" through a structured interview with 21 stakeholders, who were leaders in the public and private sectors in Spain in the area of food and physical exercise. Qualitative and quantitative information was included in the analysis. The interviewees justified their positions for or against the various policy options with criteria that were weighted by their relative importance and documented with quotations and nuggets from the interviewees' discourse. RESULTS: We identified 93 criteria for policy selection in the 21 interviewees. The most frequent criteria and those perceived as most important were efficacy (n = 18), social benefits (n = 17) and social acceptability (n = 14). The economic impact on individuals and the public sector was not considered important by the interviewees. The economic impact on the commercial sector was not included by any of the participants. The criterion most highly valued by public sector stakeholders was societal benefits while that most valued by private sector stakeholders was efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Spain is in the initial stages of developing public policy on obesity and, as yet, there are no winners and losers among those concerned, which may explain why economic costs seem to be relatively unimportant for the stake-holders, opening a window of opportunity for the development of regulatory policies.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Assessing the nutritional policy formulated in the 1996-2005 Colombian Food and Nutrition National Plan (FNNP) using key informants (KI), policy-makers and civil servants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional structured survey of 77 KI: 17 policy-makers and 60 civil-servants from PNAN. VARIABLES STUDIED: determinant food factors, the existence of a nutritional policy, assessing policies involved with food security and organisational variables implicit in the policies. A Position Index (PI) was constructed for quantifying KI assessment (0-0.33 = positive evaluation, 0.34-0.67 = partial/readjusted, 1 = 0.68-1= negative evaluation). RESULTS: 79% of KI coincided in stating that there was a Nutritional Policy but that it should be readjusted (IP = 0.50 policy-makers, IP = 0.54 civil servants). KI did not agree about institutional coordination whilst policy-makers said that there was coordination between a reduced group of institutions, including themselves (IP = 0.33); civil servants said that there was no coordination between any of the institutions (IP = 0.75). They also said that the research strategy had been unsuccessful (IP = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: Ten years after the Nutritional Policy was introduced into Colombia KI say that it should be readjusted. Strategies such as coordination and research could be optimised so that their objectives can be reached.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: Valorar la política de nutrición formulada en el Plan Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (PNAN) colombiano, 1996-2005, a partir de informantes clave (IC), planificadores y técnicos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo mediante encuesta transversal estructurada a 77 IC: 17 planificadores y 60 técnicos del PNAN. Variables: factores determinantes del problema alimentario, existencia de una política nutricional, valoración de políticas involucradas con seguridad alimentaria y, variables organizativas de la política. Se construyó un índice de Posición (IP) que cuantificó las opiniones aportadas por los IC (0-0,33=valoración positiva; 0,34-0,67parcialmente/reajustarse; 0,68-1valoración negativa). Resultados El 79 por ciento de informantes clave coinciden en que existe una Política de Nutrición, pero debe reajustarse (IP=0,50 planificadores, IP=0,54 técnicos). Falta acuerdo entre IC sobre la coordinación institucional, mientras que los planificadores opinan que hay coordinación entre un grupo reducido de entidades incluyendo la suya (IP=0,33); los técnicos opinan que no hay coordinación entre todas las instituciones (IP=0,75), además opinan que la estrategia de investigación no ha tenido éxito (IP=0,73). Conclusiones Diez años después de la Política de Nutrición en Colombia, los IC opinan que debe reajustarse. Estrategias como la coordinación e investigación pueden optimizarse para alcanzar sus objetivos.

Objective: Assessing the nutritional policy formulated in the 1996-2005 Colombian Food and Nutrition National Plan (FNNP) using key informants (KI), policy-makers and civil servants. Material and Methods A descriptive cross-sectional structured survey of 77 KI: 17 policy-makers and 60 civil-servants from PNAN. Variables studied: determinant food factors, the existence of a nutritional policy, assessing policies involved with food security and organisational variables implicit in the policies. A Position Index (PI) was constructed for quantifying KI assessment (0-0.33 = positive evaluation, 0.34-0.67 = partial/readjusted, 1=0.68-1= negative evaluation). Results 79 percent of KI coincided in stating that there was a Nutritional Policy but that it should be readjusted (IP=0.50 policy-makers, IP=0.54 civil servants). KI did not agree about institutional coordination whilst policy-makers said that there was coordination between a reduced group of institutions, including themselves (IP=0.33); civil servants said that there was no coordination between any of the institutions (IP=0.75). They also said that the research strategy had been unsuccessful (IP=0.73). Conclusions Ten years after the Nutritional Policy was introduced into Colombia KI say that it should be readjusted. Strategies such as coordination and research could be optimised so that their objectives can be reached.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo fue determinar la valoración por informadores clave (IC) de los programas de seguridad alimentaria del Plan Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición (PNAN) de Colombia, 1996-2005, dirigidos a Grupos vulnerables (GV) y grupos de Hogares rurales (GHR). Estudio descriptivo mediante Encuesta Transversal estructurada a 137 IC: 17 planificadores, 32 técnicos y 88 usuarios (41 GV y 47 GHR). Variables estudiadas: Funcionamiento, Cobertura y Beneficios de los programas de seguridad alimentaria (SA). Se construyó un Índice de Posición (IP) que cuantificó la valoración de las opiniones de los IC (0 = valoración positiva a 1= negativa). Los IC conocen más la mayoría de los programas dirigidos a GV (IP = 0 a 0,44) que los dirigidos a GHR (IP = 0,43 a 0,73). Los programas de SA para GV mejoran el estado nutricional (IP = 0,07) y de salud (IP = 0,13) y contribuyen a crear microempresas (IP = 0,23). Los programas a GHR incrementan la producción de alimentos (IP = 0,30) y mejoran la asesoría técnica (IP = 0,30). El funcionamiento de los programas en hogares comunitarios es valorado como excelente por los usuarios (IP = 0,16). Se concluye que los programas productivos a grupos rurales son menos conocidos que los de complementación alimentaria para grupos vulnerables. No hay consenso en la valoración del funcionamiento y beneficios entre los informadores clave, siendo los usuarios quienes mejor los valoran, especialmente, aquellos en los que participan de su desarrollo, que son también los percibidos como los que más cubren la población objetivo pobre y vulnerable

Assuntos

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: A descriptive study by a cross-sectional structured survey to137 IC: 17 policy-makers, 32 civil servants and 88 communities-beneficiaries (41 vulnerable-groups(VG) and 47 rural-homes-groups(RHG)) to assess the 1996-2005 Colombian Food and Nutrition National Plan (FNNP) using key informants (KI) of the security food programme directed to VG and RHG has been done. VARIABLES STUDIED: food security (FS) operation, coverage and benefits programme. An Index of Position (IP) to quantify the assessment of the KI (0 = positive valuation at 1 = negative) opinions was built. The KI know the programmes directed to VG (IP = 0 at 0,44) better than the directed to RHG (IP = 0,43 at 0,73). The FS programmes for GV improve the nutritional status (IP = 0,07) and health (IP = 0,13) and that contributes to create self-companies (IP = 0,23). The HRG programmes increase the food production (IP = 0,30) and improve the technical consultantship (IP = 0,30). The operation of the programmes of community-child-care-homes are valued as excellent by the users (IP = 0,16). It concludes that the productive programmes to rural groups are less well-known than the supplemental food programmes for vulnerable groups. There is no consensus of the assessment of the operation and benefits among the key informants, being the users who better value them, especially of their development participation. That is also perceived as more covers the poor and vulnerable target population.

Assuntos