RESUMO

The emergence of COVID-19 as a global pandemic forced researchers worldwide in various disciplines to investigate and propose efficient strategies and/or technologies to prevent COVID-19 from further spreading. One of the main challenges to be overcome is the fast and efficient detection of COVID-19 using deep learning approaches and medical images such as Chest Computed Tomography (CT) and Chest X-ray images. In order to contribute to this challenge, a new dataset was collected in collaboration with "S.E.S Hospital Universitario de Caldas" ( https://hospitaldecaldas.com/ ) from Colombia and organized following the Medical Imaging Data Structure (MIDS) format. The dataset contains 7,307 chest X-ray images divided into 3,077 and 4,230 COVID-19 positive and negative images. Images were subjected to a selection and anonymization process to allow the scientific community to use them freely. Finally, different convolutional neural networks were used to perform technical validation. This dataset contributes to the scientific community by tackling significant limitations regarding data quality and availability for the detection of COVID-19.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, according to the World Health Organization. Among them, ischemic heart disease is at the top, followed by a stroke. Several studies have revealed that atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, increases up to five fold the overall risk of stroke. As AF can be asymptomatic, approximately 20% of the AF cases remain undiagnosed. AF can be detected by analyzing electrocardiography records. Many studies have been conducted to develop automatic methods for AF detection. This paper reviews some of the most relevant methods, classified into three groups: analysis of heart rate variability, analysis of the atrial activity, and hybrid methods. Their benefits and limitations are analyzed and compared, and our beliefs about where AF automatic detection research could be addressed are presented to improve its effectiveness and performance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La prevención Cuaternaria consiste en desarrollar cuidados de salud y de ejercer la medicina, priorizando los cuidados centrados en la persona. Su marco conceptual se sustenta en aspectos éticos y filosóficos centrales en el ejercicio de la medicina, en aspectos epistemológicos y de carácter social. Su objeto es proteger fundamentalmente a los pacientes, pero también a los integrantes del equipo de salud, de los excesos de la medicalización y de los excesos o prácticas innecesarias o dañinas. El presente artículo es el resultado de la síntesis de los documentos de trabajo, discusión y propuestas llevadas adelante por un amplio grupo de comprometidos profesionales de CIMF, con interés particular sobre la Prevención Cuaternaria. Los materiales se produjeron en forma colaborativa por medio de un largo y complejo proceso de trabajo a distancia, realizado durante los foros preparatorios de la VI Cumbre Iberoamericana de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. A estos materiales se sumaron los documentos de trabajo elaborados durante la misma cumbre en San José de Costa Rica, en el mes de abril de 2016. El cometido de este artículo es difundir el estado de desarrollo y de compromiso actual con este enfoque y el destacado impulso que ha tenido en Iberoamérica en los últimos cinco años. Por su relevancia, se pretende estimular una mayor difusión del concepto: la implementación de contenidos relacionados con él en la formación y en el nivel académico. A nivel político promover su consideración en la toma de decisión, en políticas de salud pública. Difundir a nivel poblacional y promover la elaboración de contenidos de calidad. Ofrecer pistas de reflexión y herramientas concretas para su aplicación.

Quaternary Prevention as main focus and practice, promotes changes in developing health care and practicing medicine, prioritizing the person centred care.Their conceptual framework is sustained on ethical and philosophical aspects essential to medicine practice, in epistemological aspects of social and others related to political nature. Its objective is to protect fundamentally the patients, but also the members of the health group from excessive medicalization and unnecessary and hurtful practices. The present article is the result of the synthesis of the work documents, discussion and proposals carried forward by a large group of committed professionals from CIMF, with particular interest in Quaternary Prevention. The materials were produced in collaboration through a complex long distance work process, done during preparatory forums of the VI Ibero-American Summit of Family And Community Medicine. The work documents made during the same summit in San José of Costa Rica, in April 2016 were added to this material. The purpose of this document is to spread the state of development and current commitment to this approach and the outstanding initiative that it has had in Ibero America in the last five years. Due to its relevance, the intention is to stimulate greater dissemination of the concept; the implementation of content related to at in the training and academic levels. At a political level, to promote its consideration on decision making and public health issues so as to broadcast to demographic levels and promote the making of quality content. Finally to offer reflection clues to consider and concrete application tools.

A Prevenção Quaternária consiste em desenvolver cuidados de saúde e exercer a medicina priorizando o cuidado centrado na pessoa. Seu arcabouço conceitual se sustenta em aspectos éticos e filosóficos fundamentais ao exercício da prática médica, também em aspectos epistemológicos e de caráter social. O seu objetivo é proteger os pacientes, mas também os membros da equipe de saúde, dos excessos da medicalização e das práticas excessivas ou desnecessárias ou prejudiciais. Este artigo é o resultado da síntese dos documentos de trabalho, discussão e propostas levada a cabo por um numeroso grupo de profissionais comprometidos com a CIMF, com particular interesse na Prevenção Quaternária. Os materiais foram produzidos de forma colaborativa através de um extenso e complexo processo de trabalho a distancia, realizado durante as reuniões preparatórias da VI Cúpula Ibero-Americana de Medicina de Família e Comunidade. A estes materiais se somaram os documentos de trabalho preparados durante a mesma cúpula em San Jose, Costa Rica, em abril de 2016. O objetivo deste artigo é o de difundir o estado de desenvolvimento e de compromisso atual com esta abordagem e o impulso notável que tem havido na Iberoamerica nos últimos cinco anos. Por sua relevância, pretende-se estimular uma maior difusão do conceito, bem como a implementação de conteúdos relacionados a ele na formação e em nível acadêmico; a nível político, promover sua consideração na tomada de decisões de políticas públicas de saúde; difundir a nível da população e promover o desenvolvimento de conteúdo de qualidade; oferecer pistas de reflexão e ferramentas práticas para sua implementação.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A major problem in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) agriculture is the low yield due to terminal drought. Because common beans are grown over a broad variety of environments, the study of drought-resistant genotypes might be useful to identify distinctive or common mechanisms needed for survival and seed production under drought. RESULTS: In this study the relationship between terminal drought resistance and some physiological parameters was analysed using cultivars contrasting in their drought response from two different gene pools. Trials were performed in three environments. As expected, drought treatments induced a decrease in leaf relative humidity and an increase in leaf temperature; however, when these parameters were compared between susceptible and resistant cultivars under optimal irrigation and drought, no significant differences were detected. Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll content. In contrast, analysis of relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance values showed reproducible significant differences between susceptible and resistant cultivars grown under optimal irrigation and drought across the different environments. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that drought-resistant cultivars maximise carbon uptake and limit water loss upon drought by increasing stomatal closure during the day and attaining a higher RWC during the night as compared with susceptible cultivars, suggesting a water balance fine control to achieve enough yield under drought.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: Las úlceras por presión (UPP) son lesiones producidaspor tensión sobre la piel al permanecer largos períodosen una sola posición, éstas representan un problema asistencialdada su prevalencia, el impacto sobre la salud y calidad de vidadel paciente. Objetivos: Identificar la prevalencia de UPP deacuerdo a su clasificación, localización y evolución de la heridaen los pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de CardiologíaIgnacio Chávez (INCICh). Metodología: Se realizó unestudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de los pacientesatendidos en el INCICh que presentaron UPP en el periodo deenero del año 2007 a diciembre del 2008, se revisaron los expedientesclínicos para obtener datos como: edad, sexo, grado deúlcera, tipo de tratamiento y evolución. Se realizó el análisiscon estadística descriptiva. Resultados: 173 pacientes presentaronUPP; el 47.3% fueron mayores de 60 años, la prevalenciafue de 1.4%; el 58.3% se estratificó en grado II y las zonas delocalización fueron sacro, glúteos y talones; el 73.4% se presentaronen Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos; el tratamiento seaplicó de acuerdo a las características individuales del paciente,por lo que varió el tiempo de resolución en cada uno de ellos.Conclusión: Evidenciar la prevalencia de UPP permite difundirel trabajo que realiza el profesional de enfermería en elINCICh y evaluar la efectividad de las medidas empleadas enla prevención de las UPP en el paciente cardiópata, a quien sele proporciona atención integral y de calidad para evitar complicacionesdurante su hospitalización.

Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PU) are lesions that are produced due to tension on the skin when staying in one position during too long. These lesions represent an assistential problem because of their prevalence, besides their impact over the patient’s life quality. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PP) according to their classification, localization and evolution of the lesions in the patients who have been attended at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INCICh). Methodology: It was performed a descriptive, transversal and retrospective study of the patients attended at the INCICh who presented PP during the period going from January 2007 to December 2008. The clinical records were reviewed in order to obtain the following data: age, sex, grade of ulcer, type of treatment and evolution. An analysis applying de scriptive statistics was carried out. Results: One hundred and seventy-three patients presented PP. The 47.3% of these patients were elder than 60 years old. The prevalence was of the 1.4%; the 58.3% of the cases was stratified in grade II and the localization areas were as follows: sacrum, gluteus area (buttocks), and heels. The 73.4% of the cases appeared at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The treatment was applied according to the patient’s particular characteristics; therefore, the resolution time differs among patients. Conclusion: To put the prevalence into evidence allows to spread the work performed by the infirmary staff of professionals at the INCICh and evaluate the effectiveness of the measures used in the prevention of PP in cardiopathy patients, who are given integral and quality attention in order to avoid complications during their hospitalization.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Drought is a major yield constraint in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pulse-chase (14)C-labelling experiments were performed using Pinto Villa (drought resistant) and Canario 60 (drought sensitive) cultivars, grown under optimal irrigation and water-deficit conditions. Starch and the radioactive label incorporated into starch were measured in leaves and pods at different time points, between the initiation of pod development and the production of mature pods. The water-stress treatment induced a higher starch accumulation in the drought-resistant cultivar pods than in those of the drought-sensitive cultivar. This effect was more noticeable during the early stages of pod development. Consistently, a reduction of starch content occurred in the leaves of the drought-resistant cultivar during the grain-filling stage. Furthermore, a synchronized accumulation of sucrose was observed in immature pods of this cultivar. These data indicate that carbohydrate partitioning is affected by drought in common bean, and that the modulation of this partitioning towards seed filling has been a successful strategy in the development of drought-resistant cultivars. In addition, our results suggest that, in the drought-resistant cultivar, the efficient carbon mobilization towards the seeds in response to water limitation is favoured by a mechanism that implies a more effective sucrose transport.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Plant cell walls undergo dynamic changes in response to different environmental stress conditions. In response to water deficit, two related proline-rich glycoproteins, called p33 and p36, accumulate in the soluble fraction of the cell walls in Phaseolus vulgaris (Covarrubias et al. in Plant Physiol 107:1119-1128, 1995). In this work, we show that p33 and p36 are able to form a 240 kDa oligomer, which is found in the cell wall soluble fraction. We present evidence indicating that the highest accumulation of these proteins in response to water deficit occurs in the growing regions of common bean seedlings, particularly in the phloem tissues. These proteins were detected in P. vulgaris cell suspension cultures, where the p33/p36 ratio was higher under hyperosmotic conditions than in bean seedlings subjected to the same treatment. The results support a role for these proteins during the plant cell response to changes in its water status, and suggest that cell wall modifications are induced in active growing cells of common bean in response to water limitation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

El presente estudio permite conocer las causas de muerte encontradas en autopsias realizadas por el Departamento de Morfopatología de la Facultad de Salud de la Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) entre el 1 de enero de 1977 y el 31 de diciembre de 1988, practicadas a pacientes fallecidos en el Hospital Universitario Ramón González Valencia (HURGV) de la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Además de los datos obtenidos se presentan, como punto de comparación, los publicados a nivel nacional por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), regional con el Boletín Epidemiológico del servicio de Salud de Santander y local con los archivos de estadística del HURGV. Se muestran los resultados para el total de la población estudiada (1004 casos) por causa general de muerte, grupo etiológico, grupo de edad y sexo

Assuntos

Assuntos