RESUMO
The observation in the city of Medellín within the framework of urban history generated a surprising picture of subjects in hygiene and public health, among which we found the case of mental illness and the control systems proposed by civilian authorities and doctors. In Medellín, between 1880 and 1950, the modernization process went on, turning its pole of attraction on population displacements to the interior of the province of Antioch. As a result of Railroad I, there was a massive mobility of population from the neighboring towns, including some mentally ill people. At the end of the 19th century, the authorities created a house of asylum for these people, which became the Mental Hospital in the middle of the 20th century. The isolation of the mentally ill people reports both medical authority and the beginning of the constitution process and institutionalization of the psychopathology and medicalization of mental disease in Antioquia at the beginning of the 20th century.
Assuntos
Deslocamento Psicológico , Hospitais Psiquiátricos , Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Alienação Social , Isolamento Social , Colômbia/etnologia , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/economia , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/história , Transtornos Mentais/economia , Transtornos Mentais/etnologia , Transtornos Mentais/história , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Cura Mental/história , Cura Mental/psicologia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/economia , Serviços de Saúde Mental/história , Alienação Social/psicologia , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Saúde da População Urbana/história , População Urbana/históriaRESUMO
Throughout its history, Cartagena de Indias, a seaport in the Colombian Caribbean, has been handicapped for not offering salubrious conditions to its people and visitors. The lack of an aqueduct and a sewerage system was an impairment to progress. For nearly forty years (1890-1930) these problems have caused a myriad of medical discourses formulated by scientists, technicians and politicians. Cartagena's contribution to solve the sanitation problem in cities has consisted in making use of engineers' knowledge. The construction of urban facilities in the beginning of the twentieth century required a more technical knowledge, one which would advance a comprehensive solution to the water problem, ensure sufficient supply and efficient drainage. Thus, in the last turn of the century, the medical doctor is no longer the only authoritative voice when it comes to the management of urban life. The construction works which require an engineer, involving him in public health, have drawn a distinction between "hygiene" and "sanitary science".