RESUMO
Introducción: el trauma facial es una de las urgencias más frecuentes del servicio de otorrinolaringología y cirugía maxilofacial. El tratamiento debe ser dirigido a identificar la causa y el tipo de fractura e implica que puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Objetivo: describir la experiencia clínica y diagnóstica de las fracturas mandibulares en el servicio de otorrinolaringología y cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital San José de Bogotá entre 2014 y 2018. Diseño: estudio observacional descriptivo. Metodología: Se reclutó una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico de fractura mandibular en el Hospital de San José entre 2014 a 2018. Se describieron las principales características clínicas y demográficas, hallazgos imagenológicos, tipo de fractura, tratamiento, complicaciones y recidivas. Resultados: se incluyeron 25 casos de pacientes con fractura mandibular durante el período descrito. El 72 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo masculino, con edad promedio de 32 (DS 11,23) años. Con etiología por: caídas, la más frecuente (40 %), accidente de tránsito (32 %) y riña callejera (16 %). Las regiones anatómicas comprometidas con mayor frecuencia fueron el cóndilo (20 %), ángulo (12 %) y el área parasinfisiaria (12 %). El manejo quirúrgico estuvo presente en el 56 % de los pacientes, en los que se utilizó el abordaje oral en el 100 % de los casos. Conclusión: las fracturas mandibulares son frecuentes en hombres y comprometen con mayor frecuencia al cóndilo de la mandíbula. Según el tipo de fractura y el grado de compromiso, el manejo puede ser conservador o quirúrgico. Con baja frecuencia en complicaciones y recidiva.
Introduction: facial trauma is one of the most frequent emergencies of the otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery service..Treatment should be aimed at identifying the cause and type of fracture and imply that it can be conservative and surgical to provide adequate knowledge and management for this type of pathology. Objective: to describe the experience in the conservative and surgical management of fractures. mandibular in the otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery department of the San José Hospital in Bogotá between 2014 and 2018. Design: descriptive study. Methods: a cohort of patients with a diagnosis of mandibular fracture was enrolled at the Hospital de San José between 2014 and 2018. The main clinical and demographic characteristics, imaging findings, type of fracture, treatment, complications and recurrences were describe. Results: 25 cases of patients with mandibular fracture were included during the period described.72 % of the patients were men, with an average age of 32.32 years (DS11.23). With etiology due to falls, the most frequent cases (40 %), followed by traffic accidents (32 %) and street disputes (16 %) The anatomical regions frequently compromised are: the condyle (20 %), angle (12 %), parasinfisiary (12 %). Surgical treatment was present in 56 % of these patients, 100 % oral approach was used. Conclusion: mandibular fractures are common in men, and most often compromise the jaw condyle. Depending on the type of fracture and the degree of commitment, the treatment can be conservative or surgical. With low frequency in complications and recurrence.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fraturas Mandibulares , Oclusão Dentária , Redução AbertaRESUMO
Objetivo: describir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas del personal médico de UCI de Manizales, respecto a la donación de órganos. Materiales y métodos:cualitativa de tipo descriptiva. Cuatro Médicos de UCI de cada centro, doce en total.Resultados: la investigación permitió evidenciar que en las UCI estudiadas no existe práctica de trasplante de órganos, lo que no permite que los Médicos adscritos a las mismas profundicen en su conocimiento; Conclusiones: en cuanto al conocimiento y la técnica que tienen sobre la donación es parcial, porque no tienen claro los conceptos de donación, y no han realizado trasplantes en sus unidades. Respecto a las actitudes estas son favorables, estando así de acuerdo con la formación y capacitación en el tema de donación de órganos. Las prácticas de los médicos son escasas ya que ese proceso está a cargo de la Red Nacional de Donación y Trasplantes. Como categoría emergente surgió que los médicos tienen muy poca información sobre la mencionada red, por lo tanto, desempeñan un papel pasivo durante el proceso de donación..(AU)
Objective: to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the medical staff of ICU of Manizales, regarding the donation of organs. Materials and methods: qualitative descriptive type. Four ICU doctors from each center, twelve in total. Results: the investigation made it possible to demonstrate that in the ICUs studied there is no organ transplant practice, which does not allow the physicians assigned to them to deepen their knowledge. Conclusions: in terms of the knowledge and technique they have about donation, it is partial, because they are not clear about donation concepts, and they have not performed transplants in their units. Regarding the attitudes, these are favorable, being in agreement with the training and training in the subject of organ donation. The practices of doctors are scarce since that process is in charge of the National Network of Donation and Transplants. As an emergent category, it emerged that doctors have very little information about the aforementioned network, therefore,they play a passive role during the donation process..(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Obtenção de Tecidos e ÓrgãosRESUMO
Candida infections in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The main objective of this work was to determine the risk factors for colonization by Candida species in the newborns in a hospital NICU in Bogota, Colombia, and to evaluate the colonization of intravascular devices and healthcare personnel. Fifty newborns at high risk (low birth-weight, gestational age under 35 weeks, previous exposure to antibiotics and eight days of stay in the NICU) were followed prospectively. Clinical specimens from conjunctiva, nasal orifices, oral cavity, inguinal skin, rectum, intravascular devices, and the resulting watery solution of the washing of hands of healthcare personnel were cultured. Samples were cultured on Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol (50 ppm). Identification of yeasts was peformed using phenotypic and biochemical tests. A multivariate analysis of the risk factors for colonization in the newborns was performed. Growth of different Candida spp. was found in samples recovered from 38% of the newborns tested. However, no yeasts were obtained in cultures from intravascular devices. About 32% of the samples from healthcare personnel (paediatricians, undergraduate and postgraduate students, professional nurses and nurse assistants), showed presence of yeasts. In the multivariate regression analysis length of stay in the NICU was the only identified risk factor for colonization.