RESUMO
Land snails are a destructive agricultural pest in economic crops, but the populations for that pest are highly influenced by temperature and humidity, therefore climatic changes affected their behavior, distribution and population dynamics, for these reasons researchers should follow up on the changes in their behavior, distribution, and population dynamics. In this study, a survey study was conducted to define land snail species existing at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from January 2019 to March 2022 in horticultural, vegetable, and field crops and study the population dynamics for the dominant land snail species. Results showed that there are six species of land snails, these species were, Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis, and Cochlicella acuta. The population dynamics of two prevalent land snail species (M. cartusiana and S. putris), were conducted during two successive growing seasons, the Egyptian clover harbored the highest number of M. cartusiana followed by wheat, while the onion was the lowest one during the study period. In the same trends, the land snail S. putris recorded the highest numbers during the growing season of the Egyptian clover crop. Finally, it is concluded that the land snail M. cartusiana considered the first grade of infestation existed everywhere at Sharkia Governorate, and the population density of the land snail is increase gradually after winter till reach the maximum density in spring.
Os caracóis terrestres são pragas agrícolas destrutivas em cultivos econômicos, todavia, as populações dessa praga são altamente influenciadas pela temperatura e umidade, portanto as mudanças climáticas afetam seu comportamento, distribuição e dinâmica populacional, e, por essas razões, os pesquisadores devem acompanhar as mudanças em seu comportamento, distribuição e dinâmica populacional. O presente trabalho foi realizado para definir as espécies de caracóis terrestres existentes na província de Sharkia, no Egito, de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2022 em culturas hortícolas, vegetais e de campo, e estudar a dinâmica populacional das espécies dominantes de caracóis terrestres. Os resultados mostraram que existem seis espécies de caracóis terrestres, essas espécies foram Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis e Cochlicella acuta. A dinâmica populacional de duas espécies predominantes de caracóis terrestres (M. cartusiana e S. putris), foi conduzida durante duas safras sucessivas, o trevo egípcio abrigou o maior número de M. cartusiana seguido pelo trigo, enquanto a cebola foi o menor durante o período de estudo. Seguindo as mesmas tendências, o caracol terrestre S. putris registrou os números mais altos durante a estação de crescimento da cultura do trevo egípcio. Finalmente, conclui-se que o caracol terrestre M. cartusiana, considerado o primeiro grau de infestação, está presente em toda a província de Sharkia, e a densidade populacional do caracol terrestre aumenta gradualmente após o inverno até atingir a densidade máxima na primavera.
Assuntos
Animais , Caramujos/classificação , Pragas da Agricultura , Dinâmica Populacional , EgitoRESUMO
Contrary to our previous report in which a Pd-catalyzed three-component reaction of a steroid alkynol, trimethyl orthoformate, and salicylaldehyde exclusively produced chroman ketals, the same reaction employing 2,5-dihydroxysalicylaldehyde led to a mixture of a chroman ketal and a spiroketal. Provided that both courses of the reaction imply a 4 + 2 inverse demand cycloaddition between an o-quinone methide and an enol ether, density functional theory calculations revealed that the chroman ketal/spiroketal selectivity is governed by both, the rate of the formation of the o-quinone methide and the isomerization of the initially produced exocyclic enol etherâthat led to the spiroketalâto its endocyclic partner that produces the chroman ketal. Remarkably, Lewis catalysis is central to the observed reactivity, and the availability of plausible catalytic species controls the overall chemoselectivity. The methodology herein applied and scrutinized enriches the palette of reactions, leading to increased molecular complexity, as demonstrated in the obtained products, whose antioxidant activity and detailed NMR characterization are presented.
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Type II intestinal failure (IF-II) is a condition in which the gastrointestinal tract is compromised. Liver complications may occur because of the pathology and/or prolonged use of parenteral nutrition (PN); oxidative stress has been implicated as one of the causes. Lipid emulsions containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed for the treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of 7-day n-3 PUFA supplementation on oxidative stress in IF-II patients receiving PN. This was a randomized, controlled, double-blinded, pilot trial of adult patients with IF-II, receiving either conventional PN (control) or PN enriched with n-3 PUFAs (intervention). Twenty patients were included (14 men, 49 ± 16.9 years), with the ANCOVA analysis the glucose (p = 0.003), and direct bilirubin (p = 0.001) levels reduced; whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (p = 0.017). In the random-effect linear regression analysis, a reduction (p < 0.0001) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was found in the intervention group when the covariables age, HDL-C level, and alanine aminotransferase activity were considered. After 1 week of PN supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, the marker levels of some oxidative stress, blood lipids, and hepatic biomarkers improved in patients with IF-II.
RESUMO
Land snails are a destructive agricultural pest in economic crops, but the populations for that pest are highly influenced by temperature and humidity, therefore climatic changes affected their behavior, distribution and population dynamics, for these reasons researchers should follow up on the changes in their behavior, distribution, and population dynamics. In this study, a survey study was conducted to define land snail species existing at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, from January 2019 to March 2022 in horticultural, vegetable, and field crops and study the population dynamics for the dominant land snail species. Results showed that there are six species of land snails, these species were, Monacha cartusiana, Succinea putris, Eobania vermiculata, Theba pisana, Helicella vestalis, and Cochlicella acuta. The population dynamics of two prevalent land snail species (M. cartusiana and S. putris), were conducted during two successive growing seasons, the Egyptian clover harbored the highest number of M. cartusiana followed by wheat, while the onion was the lowest one during the study period. In the same trends, the land snail S. putris recorded the highest numbers during the growing season of the Egyptian clover crop. Finally, it is concluded that the land snail M. cartusiana considered the first grade of infestation existed everywhere at Sharkia Governorate, and the population density of the land snail is increase gradually after winter till reach the maximum density in spring.
Assuntos
Agricultura , Verduras , Animais , Egito , Dinâmica Populacional , CaramujosRESUMO
Native bees are important pollinators in neotropical forests. Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille) (Apidae: Meliponini) is a stingless bee widely distributed from the south of Mexico to Argentina. We characterized the patterns of preference of T. angustula for pollen in relation to the richness and abundance of plant species in the Tucumano-Boliviano Forest. During two field campaigns in different seasons (winter and spring), six colonies of T. angustula were studied. Pollen from flowers of plant species in the study area (pollen offer) and pot-pollen in each hive (pollen demand) were collected and their plant family of origin identified. Pollen from Asteraceae was more abundant in the winter than in the spring. Pollen of Solanaceae in the winter and Bignoniaceae in the spring were the most selected by the worker bees. Pollen from plants outside the sampling area was also found in the pots; it was mainly from Asteraceae. Tetragonisca angustula workers showed a polylectic foraging behavior, being able to use in a dynamic way the resources that are present in their environment at different times of the year; occasionally, it selected less abundant specific resources likely based on their nutritional value. More studies are needed to evaluate aspects of pollen quality consumed by this bee.
Assuntos
Florestas , Pólen , Animais , Argentina , Abelhas , Flores , Polinização , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Hypoxic zones are spreading worldwide in marine environments affecting many organisms. Shrimp and other marine crustaceans can withstand environmental hypoxia using several strategies, including the regulation of energy producing metabolic pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the first reaction of gluconeogenesis to produce oxaloacetate from pyruvate. In mammals, PC also participates in lipogenesis, insulin secretion and other processes, but this enzyme has been scarcely studied in marine invertebrates. In this work, we characterized the gene encoding PC in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, modelled the protein structure and evaluated its gene expression in hepatopancreas during hypoxia, as well as glucose and lactate concentrations. The PC gene codes for a mitochondrial protein and has 21 coding exons and 4 non-coding exons that generate three transcript variants with differences only in the 5'-UTR. Total PC expression is more abundant in hepatopancreas compared to gills or muscle, indicating tissue-specific expression. Under hypoxic conditions of 1.53 mg/L dissolved oxygen, PC expression is maintained in hepatopancreas, indicating its key role even in energy-limited conditions. Finally, both glucose and lactate concentrations were maintained under hypoxia for 24-48 h in hepatopancreas.
Assuntos
Penaeidae , Piruvato Carboxilase , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Glucose/metabolismo , Hepatopâncreas/metabolismo , Hipóxia/metabolismo , Lactatos/metabolismo , Mamíferos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Penaeidae/metabolismo , Piruvato Carboxilase/genética , Piruvato Carboxilase/metabolismoRESUMO
Permethrin (PERM) is a member of the class I family of synthetic pyrethroids. Human use has shown that it affects different systems, with wide health dysfunctions. Our aim was to determine bioenergetics, neuroinflammation and morphology changes, as redox markers after subacute exposure to PERM in rats. We used MDA determination, protein carbonyl assay, mitochondrial O2 consumption, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a deep histopathological analysis of the hippocampus. PERM (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, o.v.) increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylated proteins in a dose-dependent manner in the brain regions. The activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, reductase, S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase showed an increase in all the different brain areas, with dose-dependent effects in the cerebellum. Cytokine profiles (IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α) increased in a dose-dependent manner in different brain tissues. Exposure to 150 mg/kg of permethrin induced degenerated and/or dead neurons in the rat hippocampus and induced mitochondrial uncoupling and reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and significantly decreased the respiratory parameters state 3-associated respiration in complex I and II. PERM exposure at low doses induces reactive oxygen species production and imbalance in the enzymatic antioxidant system, increases gene expression of pro-inflammatory interleukins, and could lead to cell damage mediated by mitochondrial functional impairment.
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INTRODUCTION: Chagas disease currently affects some 6 million people around the world. At the chronic stage, cardiomyopathy occurs in about 20-30% of infested people. Most prevalence studies have focused on young to adult people due to the drastic consequences of acquiring the pathogen and the possibility to cure the disease at this age; the prevalence of this disease, the effect of patients' sex and the consequences to senescent people have been largely neglected. This study looks to characterize the seroprevalence of Chagas disease and its relation with occurrence of electrocardiographic anomalies associated with sex and age, and to compare rural and urban populations in Bolivia. METHODOLOGY: Seroprevalence of Chagas disease was determined in blood samples and electrocardiograms were performed on seropositive individuals. RESULTS: The rural population showed higher seroprevalence than the urban population (92% and 40%, respectively). The proportion of Chagasic cardiac anomalies in seropositive persons was highest in patients of the 50-59 age group (36%) as compared with the 40-49 (8%) and the ≥60 (17%) age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Higher seroprevalence in rural population was attributable to a higher probability to encounter the vector in rural areas. Increased exposure to infection and to development of the disease symptoms together with increased lethality of the disease as patients age explains the age-related Chagasic electrocardiographic anomalies. Since rural and urban populations showed different reactions under Chagas disease and the rural population was mainly of guaraní stock, the genetic and environmental determinants of the results should be further explored.
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Depression is a psychiatric disorder, and oxidative stress is a significant mechanism of damage in this mood disorder. It is characterized by an enhancement of oxidative stress markers and low concentrations of endogenous antioxidants, or antioxidants enzymes. This suggests that antioxidants could have an antidepressant effect. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a compound with antioxidant action or free radical scavenger capacity. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect as well as the antioxidant role of SAC on a preclinical test, using the Porsolt forced swim test (FST). SAC (30, 70, 120, or 250 mg/kg, ip) was administered to male BALB/c mice daily for 17 days, followed by the FST at day 18. Oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activities) were analyzed in the midbrain, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. SAC (120 mg/kg) attenuated the immobility scores (44%) in the FST, and protection was unrelated to changes in locomotor activity. This antidepressant-like effect was related to decreased oxidative stress, as indicated by lipid peroxidation and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity in the hippocampus. SAC exerts an antidepressant-like effect that correlated, in part, with preventing oxidative damage in hippocampus.
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Verbena carolina L. (Verbenaceae) is used as a decoction in Mexican folk medicine with applications against digestive problems and for dermatological infections. The present work firstly reported HPLC analysis, as well as the free radical scavenging capacity of the extracts and isolated compounds. Antimicrobial analyses of these substances against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi and the fungi Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. rubrum were also tested, as well as the acute oral toxicity in mice of aqueous extracts. Major secondary metabolites in V. carolina extracts were isolated by conventional phytochemical methods which consisted of three terpenoids ((1), (3) and (4)) and four phenolic compounds ((2), (4)-(6)). Their contents were determined by HPLC in six different samples from different locations. The results indicated that ursolic acid (1), hispidulin (2), verbenaline (3), hastatoside (4), verbascoside (5), hispidulin 7-O-ß-d-glucuronopyranoside (6) and pectolinaringenin-7-O-α-d-glucuronopyranoside (7) were the main constituents and ranged from 0.17 to 3.37 mg/g of dried plant, with verbascoside being the most abundant and with a significant antioxidant activity in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hispidulin was the only active compound against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum. The aqueous extract showed no significant toxicity (LD50: > 5000 mg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report of the chemical characterization of V. carolina and also of the activity of its constituents towards reactive oxygen species and dermatophytes, and its safety for consumption.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Verbena/química , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicina Tradicional , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/isolamento & purificação , Fenóis/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/isolamento & purificação , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundário , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in endothelial dysfunction, and are key factors in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of three subfractions (SFs) from the Cucumis sativus aqueous fraction to reduce inflammatory factors and oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in human microvascular endothelial cells-1 (HMEC-1) cells. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of Ang II and 0.08 or 10 µg/mL of SF1, SF2, or SF3, or 10 µmol of losartan as a control. IL-6 (Interleukin 6) concentration was quantified. To identify the most effective SF combinations, HMEC-1 cells were cultured as described above in the presence of four combinations of SF1 and SF3. Then, the effects of the most effective combination on the expression of adhesion molecules, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. Finally, a mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Both SF1 and SF3 subfractions decreased the induction of IL-6 by Ang II, and C4 (SF1 and SF3, 10 µg/mL each) was the most effective combination to inhibit the production of IL-6. Additionally, C4 prevented the expression of adhesion molecules, reduced the production of ROS, and increased the bioavailability of NO. Glycine, arginine, asparagine, lysine, and aspartic acid were the main components of both subfractions. These results demonstrate that C4 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/farmacologia , Angiotensina II/toxicidade , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Cucumis sativus , Células Endoteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Aminoácidos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Cucumis sativus/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of occlusal contact loss (induced by tooth shortening), on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, membrane type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP) and tissue inhibitor of the MMP-2 (TIMP-2) expressions in the periodontal ligament of the rat incisor, as well as eruption rate, resistance and collagen organization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats were distributed into a control group, denominated normofunctional group, whose lower teeth underwent a normal eruption process; and a hypofunctional group, whose lower left incisor teeth were shortened every 2 days during 14 days. Parameters were evaluated on the first, seventh and 14th days and the eruption rate was determined according to the size of the incisor during the eruption process. MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography and the expressions of the MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 proteins were quantitated by western blot. Collagen protein organization, as indicated by the birefringence of the periodontal ligament, was analyzed under polarized light and the periodontal ligament's resistance was determined from the load necessary to inject the incisor into its alveolar space, before extraction. RESULTS: Loss of occlusal contact, in rats submitted to hypofunctional eruption, increased MMP-2 activity and eruption rate, but decreased MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 expression and disrupted collagen organization in the periodontal ligament, consequently reducing periodontal ligament resistance. CONCLUSION: We conclude that, after incisor eruption, occlusal contact may be an important factor for regulating the remodeling and the physiological resistance of the periodontal ligament against the continuous eruption process observed in rat incisors.
Assuntos
Colágeno/metabolismo , Oclusão Dentária , Incisivo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metaloproteinase 14 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Ligamento Periodontal/metabolismo , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-2/metabolismo , Animais , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Ratos Wistar , Erupção DentáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Doxycycline is an antibiotic agent that inhibits the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) present in the extracellular matrix. In this study, the rat incisor was submitted to a hypofunctional condition, and the effects of doxycycline (80 mg/kg/d) on the expression and activity of MMP-2, as well as on eruption rate, were determined in the odontogenic region and in the periodontal ligament for 14 d. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were distributed into four groups: normofunctional (NF); doxycyline normofunctional (DNF); hypofunctional (HP); and doxycyline hypofunctional (DHP). The left lower incisors of 10 rats were shortened every 2 d, using a high-rotation drill, to produce the HP and DHP groups, after starting doxycycline treatment (80 mg/kg) by gavage. Eruption was measured using a millimeter ocular, from the gingival margin to the top of the tooth in the HP and DHP groups, and also by a mark made in the tooth previously, in the NF and DNF groups. The hemimandibles were removed and the teeth were extracted to collect the periodontal and odontogenic tissues for immunohistochemical analyses and zymography. RESULTS: The eruption rates were higher in the HP and the DHP groups than in the NF and DNF groups, respectively (p < 0.05). In the odontogenic region, neither of the treatments changed the expression and activity of MMP-2. In the HP group, the shortening treatment decreased the expression, but not the activity, of MMP-2, while doxycycline was able to inhibit the increase of expression and activity of MMP-2. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the inhibition of MMP-2 by doxycycline, during incisor shortening, was not enough to alter the eruption rate, which suggests that MMP-2 may have an important role in the turnover of extracellular matrix of the periodontal ligament during the tooth-eruption process.
Assuntos
Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Incisivo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Metaloproteinases de Matriz/farmacologia , Ligamento Periodontal/enzimologia , Erupção Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Incisivo/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ligamento Periodontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Tandem aldol condensation between steroid sapogenins and hydroxylated benzaldehydes afforded steroidal spirochromenes. Compounds that bear a phenolic hydroxyl group at position C-6', obtained by a reaction with 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, showed approximately 80% of maximal radical scavenging activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay at 288 nM. In contrast, the starting steroid sapogenins and the spirochromenes without a phenolic group in the side chain proved to be inactive.
Assuntos
Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/síntese química , Sapogeninas/químicaRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Some studies refer that the entire plant of Anoda cristata is consumed as food and medicine; in particular for treating diabetes, inflammation, fever, cough, and wounds. The aim of this study was to establish the preclinical efficacy of Anoda cristata as hypoglycemic and/or antihyperglycemic agent using well-known animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The acute toxicity was analyzed by the Lorke method. Acute hypoglycemic as well as oral glucose and sucrose tolerance tests were used to determine the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic action of Anoda cristata. Several preparations of the plant, including a mucilage (M), an aqueous (T-AE), a free mucilage aqueous (FM-AE), and an organic (OE) extracts, were tested in healthy and NA-STZ-hyperglycemic mice. Glibenclamide (15mg/kg), acarbose (5mg/kg ) and metformin (200mg/kg) were used as positive controls. The major compounds acacetin (1) and diosmetin (2), isolated from an infusion of the plant applying chromatographic methods, were evaluated as hypoglycemic agents using the same assays. The FM-AE was tested also in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose fed. Finally some assays were performed to determine the antioxidant capacity of the FM-AE in vitro. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the extracts and compounds from Anoda cristata were effective for reducing blood glucose levels in healthy and NA-STZ-hyperglycemic mice when compared with vehicle groups (p<0.05). The FM-AE exerted also positive effect over different biochemical parameters altered in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by a fructose diet. FM-AE has also antioxidant action effectively trapping ONOO(-) and ROO(â¢) radicals. The major flavonoids isolated from the plant, namely acacetin (1) and diosmetin (2), caused significant hypoglycemic effect and possessed antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION: Anoda cristata is effective to diminish glucose levels in vivo and to ameliorate different disorders related with the metabolic syndrome in rats. According to the results, the efficacy of Anoda cristata preparations could be due to the presence of active principles with different mode of actions at the molecular level, including α-glycosidases inhibitors, insulin secretagogues, glucose entrapment and radical trapping agents.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Hipoglicemiantes , Malvaceae , Fitoterapia , Preparações de Plantas , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Flavonas/isolamento & purificação , Flavonas/farmacologia , Flavonas/uso terapêutico , Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/sangue , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Preparações de Plantas/uso terapêutico , Plantas Comestíveis , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácido Úrico/sangueRESUMO
An aqueous extract from the seeds of Swietenia humilis (31.6-100mg/kg bw) lowered (p<0.05) blood glucose levels in normal and nicotinamide-streptozotocin (NA-STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice. Furthermore, when administered to fructose-fed rats with metabolic syndrome, the decoction showed significant antihyperglycemic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, as well as an augmentation of hepatic glycogen. Limonoids 2-hydroxy-destigloyl-6-deoxyswietenine acetate (1), humulin B (2), methyl-2-hydroxy-3-ß-isobutyroxy-1-oxomeliac-8(30)-enate (3), methyl-2-hydroxy-3-ß-tigloyloxy-1-oxomeliac-8(30)-enate (4), humilinolide G (5), humilinolide C (6), methyl-2-hydroxy-3-ß-isobutyoyl-8α,30α-epoxy-1-oxo-meliacate (7), and humilinolide H (8), were isolated from a CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract of the seeds. Compounds 5 and 8 are analogs of compounds 6 and 7. The structure of 5 was unequivocally established by X-ray analysis. When tested in normal and NA-STZ-hyperglycemic mice, compounds 1, 2, and 4 (3.16-31.6 mg/kg bw) decreased glycemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. The present investigation sustains the contemporary popular uses of S. humilis seeds for treating metabolic disorders, including diabetes and dyslipidemia and demonstrates the potential of the mexicanolides as antihyperglycemic agents.
Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Limoninas/isolamento & purificação , Limoninas/farmacologia , Meliaceae/química , Animais , Peso Corporal , Cristalografia por Raios X , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Limoninas/química , Masculino , México , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Ratos , SementesRESUMO
Two mesophilic streptomycetes (S. violaceoruber and S. spiroverticillatus) were selected to study their Poly R-478 decolorization ability and lignocellulose solubilizing activity. Both strains were able to degrade Poly R-478 dye and ferulic acid during growth on a minimal salts medium. The Poly R-478 decolorizing activities of both strains were induced by adding different carbon sources to the culture media. S. violaceoruber could decolorize 63% of Poly R-478 after 24 h. Both strains could solubilize straw and produce acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) with different efficiency. From the major extracellular enzymes recovery of both strains on rice and wheat straw, we can predicate that the biodegradation process was partial indicating a possible utilization in biological delignification.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismo , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Oryza/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMO
Two mesophilic streptomycetes (S. violaceoruber and S. spiroverticillatus) were selected to study their Poly R-478 decolorization ability and lignocellulose solubilizing activity. Both strains were able to degrade Poly R-478 dye and ferulic acid during growth on a minimal salts medium. The Poly R-478 decolorizing activities of both strains were induced by adding different carbon sources to the culture media. S. violaceoruber could decolorize 63% of Poly R-478 after 24 h. Both strains could solubilize straw and produce acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) with different efficiency. From the major extracellular enzymes recovery of both strains on rice and wheat straw, we can predicate that the biodegradation process was partial indicating a possible utilization in biological delignification.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismo , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Oryza/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMO
Two mesophilic streptomycetes (S. violaceoruber and S. spiroverticillatus) were selected to study their Poly R-478 decolorization ability and lignocellulose solubilizing activity. Both strains were able to degrade Poly R-478 dye and ferulic acid during growth on a minimal salts medium. The Poly R-478 decolorizing activities of both strains were induced by adding different carbon sources to the culture media. S. violaceoruber could decolorize 63% of Poly R-478 after 24 h. Both strains could solubilize straw and produce acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) with different efficiency. From the major extracellular enzymes recovery of both strains on rice and wheat straw, we can predicate that the biodegradation process was partial indicating a possible utilization in biological delignification.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/metabolismo , Lignina/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismo , Streptomyces/metabolismo , Biotransformação , Ácidos Cumáricos/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Oryza/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Streptomyces/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/metabolismoRESUMO
El presente documento muestra los problemas del estado de salud y sus determinantes, identificando las principales brechas y desigualdades, con el fin de planificar investigaciones más específicas que permiten tener una lectura más profunda de las causas de los problemas de salud, y así diseñar las intervenciones más apropiadas. Finalmente, se presentan conclusiones, resaltando los hallazgos más relevantes identificados(AU)