RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Huntington disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder. Thanks to predictive diagnosis, incipient clinical characteristics have been described in the prodromal phase. OBJECTIVE: To compare performance in cognitive tasks of carriers (HDC) and non-carriers (non-HDC) of the huntingtin gene and to analyse the variability in performance as a function of disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage (age of symptom onset). METHOD: A sample of 146 participants in a predictive diagnosis of HD programme were divided into the HDC (41.1%) and non-HDC groups (58.9%). Mathematical formulae were used to calculate disease burden and proximity to the manifest stage in the HDC group; these parameters were correlated with neuropsychological performance. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between groups in performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Stroop-B, Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and phonological fluency. In the HDC group, correlations were observed between disease burden and performance on the MMSE, Stroop-B, and SDMT. The group of patients close to the manifest stage scored lowest on the MMSE, Stroop-B, Stroop-C, SDMT, and semantic verbal fluency. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance, the MMSE effect shows statistically significant differences in disease burden and proximity to onset of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Members of the HDC group close to the manifest phase performed more poorly on tests assessing information processing speed and attention. Prefrontal cognitive dysfunction appears early, several years before the motor diagnosis of HD.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos , Disfunção Cognitiva , Doença de Huntington , Humanos , Doença de Huntington/genética , Cognição , Efeitos Psicossociais da DoençaRESUMO
Las instituciones universitarias para lograr excelencia académica en los futuros profesionales exigen considerar a la educación con un signifi cado primordial. El presente trabajo identifi ca los contenidos en el área de salud en los materiales de ejercitación del Ciclo de Nivelación y las competencias específi cas en los diferentes Ejes Temáticos, desde la perspectiva de los profesores. Para identifi car los contenidos del área de salud se aplicó un instrumento con los ítems: objetivos, contenidos, actividades y bibliografía. Para indagar la perspectiva de los profesores se implementó un cuestionario a ocho informantes claves, que incluyó la valoración de las competencias específi cas en el área a su cargo. De acuerdo a lo trabajado, se reconoce la importancia de articulación entre educación y salud, en términos de vincular experiencia-formación de los docentes, conocimientos de los estudiantes y contenidos específi cos en relación al proceso salud-enfermedad, porque se transforma en retroalimentación para los Ciclos de Nivelación.
In order to achieve academic excellence in their future professionals, university institutions require the consideration of education with a fundamental meaning. This work identifi es the contents in the health section of the exercise material included in the Leveling Course and the specifi c competences in the different Main Topics, from the teachers´perspective. An instrument including the following items: objectives, contents, activities and biography was applied to identify the contents in the health section. To inquire about the teachers perspective a questionnaire was used with eight key informants; it included the assessment of specifi c competences in the area they are in charge of. As a conclusion, it is observed that it is important to articulate education and health, in terms of linking teachers experience-training, students knowledge and specifi c contents regarding the process health-illness, since it becomes feedback for the Leveling Courses.
As instituições universitárias, visando a excelência acadêmica nos futuros profi ssionais, exigem considerar a educação como tendo um signifi cado fundamental. Este documento identifi ca os conteúdos na área da saúde dos materiais de treinamento do Ciclo de Nivelamento e as competências específi cas nos diferentes Eixos Temáticos a partir da perspectiva dos professores. Para identifi car os conteúdos da área de saúde aplicou-se um instrumento composto dos itens: objetivos, conteúdos, atividades e bibliografi a. Para pesquisar a perspectiva dos professores aplicou-se um questionário a oito docentes-chave, que incluiu a avaliação de competências específi cas na área da sua responsabilidade.. De acordo com o trabalho, pode-se reconhecer a importância da articulação entre educação e saúde, em termos de articular a experiência-formação dos professores, os conhecimentos dos estudantes e os conteúdos específi cos em relação ao processo saúde-doença, pois ele torna-se em retroalimentacão para os Ciclos de Nivelamento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Baseada em Competências , Educação Baseada em Competências/tendências , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The semantic verbal fluency test (SVF) is sensitive to detecting cognitive decline. It is fast and easy to use in any cultural context; therefore, it is included in most of the neuropsychological assessment protocols. OBJECTIVE: To estimate normative values for the SVF test (animals), in an elderly population aged 65 years and over. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 1233 subjects who were healthy, cognitively preserved, residents of two areas (rural and urban) of Mexico were assessed. A neurological and neuropsychological exploration battery was applied, including SVF. RESULTS: The age average was 73+6 and schooling was 4.0+3.9 years, with 59% women. The average of the words generated in the SVF test was 14+5, and a correlation of 0.16 of these scores with age, education, and gender was found (p<.001), this allowed the estimation of the percentiles in accordance with these variables. CONCLUSIONS: The most important contribution provided by this study was that the data analysis enabled normative values to be obtained for an elderly Mexican population aged 65 years and over. It was also confirmed, as other neuropsychological assessment studies have done, that the SVF test is influenced by socio-demographic variables, such as age and education, aspects to be considered at the time of obtaining normative values. Finally, it was noted that the average scores obtained were lower than other published reference values, due to the low educational level of our sample.
Assuntos
Semântica , Comportamento Verbal , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Objetivo: conocer la frecuencia de intimidación en colegios nacionales de las tres regiones del Perú donde ha existido violencia política y determinar los factores de riesgo asociados.Métodos: estudio transversal, analítico, acerca de la intimidación en cinco departamentos del país: Ayacucho (Huamanga), Cusco (Sicuani), Junín (Satipo), Huancavelica y Lima (Ñaña). Después de determinar el tamaño de muestra de los estudiantes y efectuar la selección aleatoria de los salones de clase se empleó un cuestionario previamente validado para efectuar una encuesta en 1633 estudiantes. Estadísticamente se buscaron porcentajes, asociación de variables con intimidación, regresión logistica y se construyó una curva R.O.C.Resultados: la incidencia de intimidación tuvo un promedio de 50.7 por ciento. Las variables asociadas significativamente con intimidación en la regresión logistica fueron apodos, golpes, falta de comunicación, llamar homosexual, defectos físicos, necesidad de trabajar, necesidad de atención médica, acoso, escupir, obligar a hacer cosas que no se quiere, discriminación e insulto por correo electrónico.Conclusiones: la intimidación tiene origen multicausal, ocasiona problemas en la salud, fobia escolar, y el pronóstico a largo plazo para víctimas y agresores es negativo, pudiendo verse envueltos en problemas con la ley.
Objective: To know the frequency of bullying in national schools in the three peruvian regions where has existed political violence, and determine the associated risk factors. Methods: cross section study, analytic, about bullying in national schools of five departments Ayacucho (Huamanga), Cusco (Sicuani), Junín (Satipo), Huancavelica and Lima (Ñaña). After determine the sample size of students in each school and the aleatory election of the classrooms a questionnaire validated previously was used, and we did a survey in 1633 students. Statistically We look for percentage,s, associations, logistic regression measures and build a R.O.C curve. Results: The incidente of bullying was in average 50,7 percent The variables significant associated with bullying in the logistic regression were nicknames, beats, no communication, homosexual insult, physical defect, work need, medical attendance, pursue, spitted, forced to do thing than they didn't want, discrimination and e-mail inssult. Conclussions: The bullying has multicausal origin, give health problems, scholar phobia, and at long time the prognosis for victims and agressors is negative and they could be involved in problems with the law.
Assuntos
Humanos , Agressão/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Política , Violência , PeruRESUMO
An outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection in a hemodialysis unit which occurred after the arrival of an antigen carrier is described. During a period of five months, four cases were registered for an incidence of 14.8 percent, compared to 3.2 and 0 percent during preepidemic and postepidemic periods, respectively. There is no national surveillance program for hepatitis B in hemodialysis units in Mexico. We therefore suppose that there is a high frequency of infection among both patients and personnel, causing considerable morbidity, mortality and financial impact. The following article details the established control measures, and emphasizes the importance of implementing a permanent program which includes serological screening, policies for disinfection of machines, dialyzers, and environmental surfaces inside the unit, as well as general precautions for blood and other body fluids. The efficacy of the vaccine in patients and personnel is also discussed.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Unidades Hospitalares de Hemodiálise , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/transmissão , Humanos , México/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Hospitais Especializados/organização & administração , Hospitais Estaduais/organização & administração , Vigilância da População , Análise Custo-Benefício , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Hospitais Especializados/economia , Hospitais Estaduais/economia , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
The present study was carried out to determine the content of available methionine and sulphur in seed cultivars of Lupinus mutabilis from different Andean regions, and to study the influence of processing on methionine and sulphur contents. An additional objective was to evaluate interrelationships among these chemical characteristics and protein quality, as measured by the protein efficiency ratio (PER) method. Results revealed a high variability in the content of available methionine and sulphur between the different ecotypes and varieties of Lupinus mutabilis. Fertilization with CaSO4 (200 kg/ha) did alter the content of available methionine and sulphur in Lupinus albus seeds. Traditional water-debittering of lupines did not affect the methionine content of the seeds, whereas oil-extraction and alcohol-debittering led to a decrease in available methionine (14 and 23% reduction, respectively). Production of a protein isolate further reduced the methionine content (54%). Regression analysis revealed a high correlation between available methionine and sulphur (r = 0.83), between sulphur and PER (r = 0.98) in the processed lupine samples, and lupine mixtures with other protein sources.
Assuntos
Fabaceae , Metionina/análise , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/análise , Plantas Medicinais , Sementes , Enxofre/análise , Fabaceae/genética , Manipulação de Alimentos , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
Se estudio la influencia del procesamiento del Lupinus mutabilis sobre el contenido de metionina disponible y azufre, asi como su variabilidad en semillas de diferentes regiones andinas. Ademas, se relacionaron los resultados de las determinaciones quimicas de metionina, disponible y azufre del lupino con su calidad proteinica expressada por el indice de eficiencia proteinica (PER). Los resultados en los ecotipos y variedades de tarwi estudiados revelaron gran variabilidad en el contenido de metionina disponible y azufre. La fertilizacion con CaSO4 (200 kg/ha) afecto el contenido de metionina disponible y azufre en las semillas de Lupinus albus. El desamargado tradicional con agua del Lupinus mutabilis no tuvo efecto sobre el contenido de metionina disponible. La harina de tarwi sometida a extraccion de aceite, y la harina desamargada con alcohol, disminuyen significativamente su contenido de metionina disponible y azufre (14 y 23%, respectivamente) siendo mayor este descenso durante la obtencion del aislado proteinico (54%). Se encontraron altos coeficientes de correlacion entre metionina disponible y PER (r=0.98) en muestras de lupino procesado y mezclas de lupino con otras fuentes de proteina