RESUMO
Water quality monitoring is a complex issue that requires support tools in order to provide information for water resource management. Budget constraints as well as an inadequate water quality network design call for the development of evaluation tools to provide efficient water quality monitoring. For this purpose, a nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) based on an autoassociative neural network was performed to assess the redundancy of the parameters and monitoring locations of the water quality network in the Piabanha River watershed. Oftentimes, a small number of variables contain the most relevant information, while the others add little or no interpretation to the variability of water quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for this purpose. However, conventional PCA is not able to capture the nonlinearities of water quality data, while neural networks can represent those nonlinear relationships. The results presented in this work demonstrate that NLPCA performs better than PCA in the reconstruction of the water quality data of Piabanha watershed, explaining most of data variance. From the results of NLPCA, the most relevant water quality parameter is fecal coliforms (FCs) and the least relevant is chemical oxygen demand (COD). Regarding the monitoring locations, the most relevant is Poço Tarzan (PT) and the least is Parque Petrópolis (PP).
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Redes Neurais de Computação , Poluentes da Água/análise , Poluição da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Análise de Componente Principal , Rios/química , Qualidade da Água , Recursos HídricosRESUMO
Introduction: Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm described in several locations but is uncommon in the lung. Method: We report a case of biphasic synovial sarcoma of the lung stressing the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, genetics and differential diagnosis. Results: a biphasic pattern and SYT-SSX translocation were demostrated. Comments: histology and immuno-histochemistry lead to diagnosis most of the times but the typical translocation is definitive.
Introducción: El sarcoma sinovial es una neoplasia agresiva que aun habiendo sido descrita en múltiples localizaciones, resulta sumamente infrecuente en localización pulmonar. Método: Presentamos un caso de sarcoma sinovial bifásico de localización pulmonar haciendo hincapié en sus características histológicas inmunohistoquímicas y genéticas así como en su diagnóstico diferencial. Resultados: La neoplasia mostraba un patrón bifásico bien caracterizado. El estudio genético demostró la translocación SYT-SSX. Comentarios: Si bien la histología y la inmunohistoquímica permiten en la mayoría de los casos el diagnóstico del sarcoma sinovial, es la translocación genética la que define verdaderamente esta entidad.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Sarcoma Sinovial/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Sinovial/genética , Sarcoma Sinovial/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imuno-Histoquímica , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
Debido al incremento de la demanda de herramientas útiles y simples para la evaluación psiquiátrica de niños y de adolescentes, decidimos realizar un estudio de validación concurrente entre la Mini Entrevista Internacional Neuropsiquiátrica para Niños y Adolescentes (MINI-KID) y la Entrevista Semiestructurada para Adolescentes (ESA) para establecer la confiabilidad diagnóstica para los padecimientos externalizados: trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), trastorno negativista y desafiante (TND) y trastorno disocial (TD). Entrevistadores experimentados evaluaron de forma completa a once pacientes con la ESA; posteriormente se re-evaluó a los adolescentes con la versión electrónica del MINI-KID por clínicos ciegos al resultado de la ESA. Para analizar el grado de acuerdo entre ambos instrumentos, se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación Kappa de Cohen. En nuestro estudio los valores de Kappa para TDAH y TND fueron considerados con buena y excelente confiabilidad (0.64 y 0.81), respectivamente. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, la ESA pareciera ser un instrumento más sensible que el MINI lo cual es contrario a lo que reporta la literatura para este tipo de entrevistas. Sin embargo, se debe tomar en cuenta diversas limitaciones antes de establecer una conclusión sólida. Palabras Clave: Mini Entrevista Internacional Neuropsiquiátrica para Niños y Adolescentes (MINI-Kid), Entrevista Semiestructurada para Adolescentes (ESA), Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH), Trastorno Oposicionista Desafiante (TOD/TND), Trastorno de Conducta (TC).
In face of the increase of the demand for useful and simple tools to help in the psychiatric evaluation of children and adolescents, we decided to undertake this research, in which we analyzed the reliability between the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-KID) and the Adolescents Semi-structured Interview (ASI) to establish the concurrent validity for the diagnosis for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD). Trained interviewers exhaustively evaluated a total of eleven patients using the ASI, afterwards clinicians who were blind to the results with the ASI re-evaluated the individuals with the electronic version of the MINI-KID. In order to analyze the similarity between both instruments, we used the Cohen's Kappa correlation coefficient. The values obtained were good and excellent with a confidence index for ADHD and ODD (0.64 y 0.81), respectively. In accord with our results, the ASI seems to be a more sensitive instrument in comparison with the MINI, which contrasts with many findings in the literature about these instruments. Nevertheless, some limitations should be considered. Keywords: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Kids and Adolescents (MINI-Kid), Adolescents Semi-structured Interview (ASI), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD).