RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterised by recurrent epileptic seizures. Various antiepileptic drugs are used for the management of canine idiopathic epilepsy. Phenobarbital is the drug of choice for long-term treatment in dogs. Although it is well tolerated, phenobarbital can cause liver injury if administered alone or in combination with other drugs. Therefore, the main of this study was to identify dogs with presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy and information about the antiepileptic drugs, the dose and frequency of administration, period of treatment, frequency of the seizure before and after start the treatment, complementary exams and adverse effects.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study were included 21 dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. All dogs were examined and having blood taken for blood count, biochemical tests (ALT, AST, AP, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, amylase, lipase, cholesterol and triglycerides), measurement of serum phenobarbital and/or potassium bromide and, some dogs, free T4 by dialysis and canine TSH. In this study, it was observed monotherapy (phenobarbital) in 76.19% (16/21), double therapy (phenobarbital and potassium bromide) in 19.05% (4/21) and triple therapy (phenobarbital, potassium bromide and gabapentin) in 4.76% (1/21) of dogs. The phenobarbital was used as monotherapy with dose between
RESUMO
Introdução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave está associado a uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada e é cada vez mais comum na clínica de pequenos animais. O tratamento de TCE depende da localização e do grau da lesão, podendo ser classificado em clínico e cirúrgico. Portanto, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de TCE em uma cadela com aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC) refratária ao tratamento clínico.Caso: Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria uma cadela Maltez de um ano de idade, com histórico de TCE há aproximadamente oito horas, com relato de piora no quadro clínico nas primeiras seis horas, identificada por incapacidade de caminhar e não reconhecimento dos proprietários e do ambiente. Durante o exame neurológico foi observado que o animal apresentava delírios e incapacidade de ficar em estação. Na escala de coma Glasgow modificada foi classificada como moderada. A terapia emergencial incluiu Manitol 20% (1,0 g/kg/IV administrado lentamente) associado à furosemida (2,0 mg/kg/IV) a cada seis horas, elevação da cabeça 30 em relação ao corpo e a manutenção da sedação com propofol (2,0mg/kg/IV) em bolus. Após a estabilização do paciente foi realizado exame radiográfico de crânio e diagnosticado fratura bilateral dos ossos temporal e parietal. A cadela permaneceu sedada durante 24 horas apresentando piora do quadr
RESUMO
Introdução: Estado epiléptico é definido como repetidas crises convulsivas ou uma crise convulsiva com duração superior a cinco minutos. O estado epilético resulta em hipóxia devido baixa oxigenação ocasionada por contrações musculares rápidas, ocasionando edema cerebral. Portanto, esta afecção é caracterizada como uma emergência médica, que requer um tratamento imediato para prevenir morbidades neurológicas graves ou até mesmo óbito. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de estado epiléptico refratário ao uso de benzodiazepínico em uma cadela.Caso: Foi encaminhada ao setor de neurologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) uma cadela da raça Collie, de seis meses de idade, apresentando crises convulsivas recorrentes há cinco horas. A paciente apresentava histórico de crises convulsivas há 20 dias, que se tornaram mais frequentes quatro dias anterior ao atendimento médico. A paciente apresentava histórico familiar de diagnóstico de epilepsia idiopática. Durante o exame clínico foi observado crise convulsiva generalizada do tipo tônica-clônica. A terapia inicial adotada foi a administração de três aplicações de diazepam, na dose de 0,5mg/kg pela via intravenosa (IV) num intervalo de tempo de dois minutos entre elas, porém a paciente voltava a apresentar as crises convulsivas pós este período. Em seguida, optou-se pela administração de infusão contínua com diazepam
RESUMO
Introdução: Estado epiléptico é definido como repetidas crises convulsivas ou uma crise convulsiva com duração superior a cinco minutos. O estado epilético resulta em hipóxia devido baixa oxigenação ocasionada por contrações musculares rápidas, ocasionando edema cerebral. Portanto, esta afecção é caracterizada como uma emergência médica, que requer um tratamento imediato para prevenir morbidades neurológicas graves ou até mesmo óbito. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de estado epiléptico refratário ao uso de benzodiazepínico em uma cadela.Caso: Foi encaminhada ao setor de neurologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) uma cadela da raça Collie, de seis meses de idade, apresentando crises convulsivas recorrentes há cinco horas. A paciente apresentava histórico de crises convulsivas há 20 dias, que se tornaram mais frequentes quatro dias anterior ao atendimento médico. A paciente apresentava histórico familiar de diagnóstico de epilepsia idiopática. Durante o exame clínico foi observado crise convulsiva generalizada do tipo tônica-clônica. A terapia inicial adotada foi a administração de três aplicações de diazepam, na dose de 0,5mg/kg pela via intravenosa (IV) num intervalo de tempo de dois minutos entre elas, porém a paciente voltava a apresentar as crises convulsivas pós este período. Em seguida, optou-se pela administração de infusão contínua com diazepam
RESUMO
Introdução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave está associado a uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada e é cada vez mais comum na clínica de pequenos animais. O tratamento de TCE depende da localização e do grau da lesão, podendo ser classificado em clínico e cirúrgico. Portanto, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de TCE em uma cadela com aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC) refratária ao tratamento clínico.Caso: Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria uma cadela Maltez de um ano de idade, com histórico de TCE há aproximadamente oito horas, com relato de piora no quadro clínico nas primeiras seis horas, identificada por incapacidade de caminhar e não reconhecimento dos proprietários e do ambiente. Durante o exame neurológico foi observado que o animal apresentava delírios e incapacidade de ficar em estação. Na escala de coma Glasgow modificada foi classificada como moderada. A terapia emergencial incluiu Manitol 20% (1,0 g/kg/IV administrado lentamente) associado à furosemida (2,0 mg/kg/IV) a cada seis horas, elevação da cabeça 30 em relação ao corpo e a manutenção da sedação com propofol (2,0mg/kg/IV) em bolus. Após a estabilização do paciente foi realizado exame radiográfico de crânio e diagnosticado fratura bilateral dos ossos temporal e parietal. A cadela permaneceu sedada durante 24 horas apresentando piora do quadr