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BACKGROUND: Smoking cessation is not an easy accomplishment. However, the benefits are several for those who do it, such as cardiovascular risk reduction 1 year after quitting smoking. This study aimed to verify the factors related to smoking cessation in civil servants of The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS: This study had a longitudinal design using data from a prospective cohort of civil servants (ELSA-Brasil). Our variable of interest was smoking cessation. The relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, job stress, health-related variables, legislation, and smoking cessation was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models. The analyses were stratified by gender. Second-hand smoke exposure, age, education, excessive alcohol consumption, common mental disorder, and smoking control law were the variables considered in the final model. RESULTS: Information of 2020 women and 2429 men was analyzed. Individuals without second-hand smoke exposure, with up to 49 years of age, with higher education, without excessive alcohol consumption, without common mental disorders, and who initiated smoking in 1989 or after the smoking control law had a higher risk of stopping smoking. The risks magnitudes were higher for women. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reinforces the necessity of alcohol consumption regulation, the relevance of Public Health Policies, and the need for more smoking cessation measures focused on men, on people with mental disorders, alcoholism, and older adults. Also, our results did not show significant risks regarding the psychosocial working environment.

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BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) - one of the most common health indicators used to verify health conditions - can be influenced by several types of socioeconomic conditions, thereby reflecting health inequalities. This study aimed to evaluate the participant profiles regarding the association between self-rated health and social and occupational characteristics of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). METHODS: Cross-sectional design, including 11,305 individuals. Self-rated health was categorized as good, fair, and poor. The relationship between socio-demographic, psychosocial work environment, health-related variables, and self-rated health was analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis (stratified by age: up to 49 years old and 50 years old or more). RESULTS: For both age strata, group composition was influenced by socioeconomic conditions. Poor SRH was related to lower socioeconomic conditions, being women, black self-declared race/ethnicity, being non-married/non-united, low decision authority, low skill discretion, and obesity. CONCLUSION: To promote health, interventions should focus on reducing existing socioeconomic, race, and gender inequalities in Brazil.

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Background: Sporotrichosis is an endemic zoonosis in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro caused by fungi included in the Sporothrix complex, in which cats are the main source of infection for humans and animals. Coinfections in cats with sporotrichosis from this region, their risk factors and how they affect the treatment outcome in these animals are little known. The objectives of this study were to determine the coinfections of Sporothrix spp. with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and to correlate these infections with risk factors and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment in cats from an endemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: It was conducted a cohort study involving 213 cats with definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and assisted in the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO)/Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from November 2007 until February 2011. These animals were monthly evaluated due to sporotrichosis treatment until their sporotrichosis treatment outcomes. In every clinical evaluation, 5 mL of blood were collected in order to obtain the serum, which was stored at -20ºC. Information from the animal’s medical records have also been collected, such as sex, eating habits, living with other cats, access to the streets, castration, age and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment. Serological follow-up of anti-T. gondii antibodies were performed through indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in all clinical evaluations. The FIV and FeLV antibody detection were made through a rapid immunoassay using the cats’serum samples from the first clinical evaluation.[...]

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Background: Sporotrichosis is an endemic zoonosis in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro caused by fungi included in the Sporothrix complex, in which cats are the main source of infection for humans and animals. Coinfections in cats with sporotrichosis from this region, their risk factors and how they affect the treatment outcome in these animals are little known. The objectives of this study were to determine the coinfections of Sporothrix spp. with Toxoplasma gondii, Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) and to correlate these infections with risk factors and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment in cats from an endemic area of sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: It was conducted a cohort study involving 213 cats with definitive diagnosis of sporotrichosis from the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and assisted in the Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonosis in Domestic Animals (LAPCLIN-DERMZOO)/Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI)/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, from November 2007 until February 2011. These animals were monthly evaluated due to sporotrichosis treatment until their sporotrichosis treatment outcomes. In every clinical evaluation, 5 mL of blood were collected in order to obtain the serum, which was stored at -20ºC. Information from the animals medical records have also been collected, such as sex, eating habits, living with other cats, access to the streets, castration, age and the outcome of sporotrichosis treatment. Serological follow-up of anti-T. gondii antibodies were performed through indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in all clinical evaluations. The FIV and FeLV antibody detection were made through a rapid immunoassay using the catsserum samples from the first clinical evaluation.[...](AU)

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BACKGROUND: Stroke is a potentially fatal complication of sickle cell disease in children between 2-16 years and transcranial Döppler has been recommended as a screening method in these cases. OBJECTIVE: The main goal of this study was to correlate transcranial Döppler results to complications related to stroke in sickle cell disease and baseline characteristics of the population. METHODS: This was an observational study of children and adolescents with ages between 2-16 years with sickle cell disease who were followed in three centers. RESULTS: From January 2008 to July 2009, 902 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age was 6.5 years (range: 1.8-15.8), 52.3% were male, 74.4% had hemoglobin SS; 221 (28.6%) had at least one complication associated with sickle cell disease. A total of 773 patients performed transcranial Döppler; in 91.2% this was a method of screening. Conditional or abnormal transcranial Döppler results were more common in patients with sickle cell disease complications versus those without complications (ODDS ratio = 3.18; 95% Confidence interval = 1.92-5.27). There was a significant difference in the frequency of conditional or abnormal transcranial Döppler results in patients with abnormal laboratory results compared to those without abnormalities (OR=4.03); 95% confidence interval = 2.30-7.06. CONCLUSIONS: Conditional or abnormal transcranial Döppler results were significantly more frequent in patients with complications of sickle cell disease confirming the increased risk of stroke in this subgroup of patients. This observation reinforces the recommendation of transcranial Döppler as a screening test for all patients with sickle cell disease with ages between 2 and 16 years.

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Neste artigo, analisamos o adoecimento físico e mental de policiais civis e militares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, segundo condições de trabalho e atividades profissionais. Utilizamos a mesma metodologia para o estudo de duas categorias: abordagem quantitativa (amostragem aleatória simples por conglomerados, alcançando um total de 1.458 policiais civis e 1.108 policiais militares que responderam a questionários anônimos) e abordagem qualitativa (grupos focais com 143 profissionais e 18 entrevistas com gestores de ambas as polícias). Os dados aqui apresentados são todos originais. Constatamos sobrepeso e obesidade em especial na Polícia Militar; e precária frequência de atividade física e informação de elevados níveis de colesterol, especialmente na Polícia Civil. Dores no pescoço, nas costas ou na coluna, problemas de visão, dores de cabeça e enxaquecas foram os principais problemas encontrados. A presença de lesões físicas permanentes foi relatada por 16,2 por cento dos membros das duas corporações, sendo mais relevantes entre os militares, que também apresentam mais elevada frequência de sofrimento psíquico (SRQ-20). Enfatizamos a necessidade de mudanças nas dimensões individual e profissional e nos aspectos institucionais referentes às condições e à organização do trabalho e dos serviços de saúde.

In this article, we analyze the physical and mental stress and illness of military and civil police force officers in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) due to their working conditions and professional activities. The same methodology was used for the study of two categories, namely a quantitative approach (simple random sampling by conglomerates, involving a total of 1,458 civil police officers and 1,108 military police officers, who answered questionnaires anonymously) and a qualitative approach (focal groups involving 143 professionals and 18 interviews with managers of both police forces). The data presented here are all original. Disorders identified were: overweight and obesity in both forces but mainly in the Military Police; low frequency of physical exercise and high levels of cholesterol, especially in the Civil Police. The main health complaints are neck, back or spinal cord pain, eyesight complaints and headaches/ migraines. Sixteen point two per cent of officers of both forces reported physical lesions that were more prevalent in the Military Police, among whom psychic suffering was also more frequent (SRQ20). The need for changes in the individual and professional dimensions and in institutional aspects regarding the conditions and organization of work and of health services is emphasized.

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