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Objetivo: avaliar as consequências da depressão pós-parto no desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, com caráter analítico quantitativo, realizada por meio da busca de artigos científicos publicados, nas plataformas Google Acadêmico, Scielo e PubMed, sobre a relação entre depressão pós-parto e desenvolvimento infantil. Resultados: foi selecionado um total de 23 artigos entre os três bancos de dados. Os resultados apontam que filhos de mães deprimidas são mais propensos a ter alterações no desenvolvimento cognitivo, social e linguístico do que filhos de mães não deprimidas. Entretanto, deve-se lembrar que essa alteração não acontece exclusivamente pela depressão pós-parto, uma vez que ela pode estar associada a outros fatores de risco, como condições socioeconômicas e apoio marital. Conclusão: a depressão pós-parto como fator isolado afeta o bebê de maneira sutil, mas, diante de diversos fatores ambientais e conduta parental, o efeito nocivo pode ser intensificado, o que pode prejudicar os desempenhos nos testes cognitivos, de atenção e aprendizagem. Desse modo, compreende-se que é importante incentivar um acompanhamento pré-natal que valorize a saúde mental das gestantes, para que qualquer manifestação psicológica negativa seja prontamente identificada e receba o apoio necessário o mais rápido possível.
Objective: to evaluate the consequences of postpartum depression on child cognitive development. Methods: this is a narrative review, with a quantitative analytical character, carried out by searching for scientific articles published on the Google Scholar, Scielo and PubMed platforms on the relationship between postpartum depression and child development. Results: a total of 23 articles were selected from the three databases. The results indicate that children of depressed mothers are more likely to have changes in cognitive, social and linguistic development than children of non-depressed mothers. However, it should be remembered that this change does not occur exclusively due to postpartum depression, as it may be associated with other risk factors, such as socioeconomic conditions and marital support. Conclusion: postpartum depression as an isolated factor affects the baby in a subtle way, but, given several environmental factors and parental behavior, the harmful effect can be intensified, which can harm performance in cognitive, attention and learning tests. Therefore, it is understood that it is important to encourage prenatal care that values the mental health of pregnant women, so that any negative psychological manifestations are promptly identified and receive the necessary support as quickyl as possible.
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Feminino , Saúde Mental , Depressão Pós-Parto , Desenvolvimento Infantil , GestantesRESUMO
Background: The increasing demand for healthy eating habits and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a health crisis and global economic slowdown, has led to the consumption of functional and practical foods. Bioactive ingredients can be an alternative for healthy food choices; however, most functional compounds are sensitive to the adverse conditions of processing and digestive tract, impairing its use in food matrices, and industrial-scale applications. Microencapsulation by spray chilling can be a viable alternative to reduce these barriers in food processing. Scope and approach: This review discusses the use of spray chilling technique for microencapsulation of bioactive food ingredients. Although this technology is known in the pharmaceutical industry, it has been little exploited in the food sector. General aspects of spray chilling, the process parameters, advantages, and disadvantages are addressed. The feasibility and stability of encapsulated bioactive ingredients in food matrices and the bioavailability in vitro of solid lipid microparticles produced by spray chilling are also discussed. Main findings and conclusions: Research on the microencapsulation of bioactive ingredients by spray chilling for use in foods has shown the effectiveness of this technique to encapsulate bioactive compounds for application in food matrices. Solid microparticles produced by spray chilling can improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive ingredients. However, further studies are required, including the use of lipid-based encapsulating agents, process parameters, and novel formulations for application in food, beverages, and packaging, as well as in vivo studies to prove the effectiveness of the formulations.
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INTRODUCTION: Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are therapeutic alternatives to warfarin that act independently of vitamin K, thus not affecting bone matrix formation. The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture in patients treated with DOACs versus warfarin. METHODS: Cross-sectional, observational study in patients using oral anticoagulants for >1 year and a paired control group (CG). Based on the type of anticoagulant used, the patients were grouped into a DOAC (DOACG) or warfarin (WG) group. All patients filled out a questionnaire and underwent BMD evaluation and trabecular bone score (TBS) measurement. RESULTS: In all, 150 patients were included (50 patients in each group). The mean age was 60.49 ± 7.48 years, and most participants were men (64%). The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia (comparison between groups p > 0.05). Low bone mass was diagnosed in 42%, 50%, and 66% of the patients in the CG, DOACG, and WG, respectively (p = 0.012). On logistic regression analysis, BMD was associated with body mass index (BMI; odds ratio [OR] 0.846, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.763-0.926, p = 0.001), creatinine level (OR 0.024, 95%CI 0.001-0.434, p = 0.017), and TBS value (OR 17.777, 95%CI 4.526-96.903, p = 0.000). The mean TBS decreased progressively from the CG to the DOACG and WG (1.328 ± 0.112, 1.264 ± 0.138, and 1.203 ± 0.112, respectively, p < 0.001). On multivariate linear regression, negative predictors of TBS included warfarin use (-0.06, 95%CI -0.11 to -0.02, p = 0.006), BMI (-0.01, 95%CI -0.01 to -0.00, p < 0.001), and hyperglycemia (-0.07, 95%CI -0.11 to -0.03, p = 0.003), while positive predictors were an active IPAQ classification (0.06, 95%CI 0.01-0.11, p = 0.029) and family history of hip fracture (0.07, 95%CI 0.01-0.14, p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Patients using anticoagulants have lower BMD and TBS values compared with controls. This negative effect on bone was more pronounced with warfarin, but was also seen with DOACs.
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Densidade Óssea , Varfarina , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Osso Esponjoso , Estudos Transversais , Inibidores do Fator Xa , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Varfarina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
In this study, we compared patients using the anticoagulant warfarin for more than a year with a control group with similar characteristics but without using the drug. We demonstrated worse BMD and bone quality by trabecular bone score (TBS) in patients using warfarin for more than 1 year. PURPOSE: Evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) and the trabecular bone score (TBS) of patients taking warfarin for more than 1 year compared with a control group. METHODS: Male patients aged 25-65 years in warfarin use for more than 1 year were included. Patients answered a questionnaire regarding lifestyle habits and realized a dual X-ray densitometry (DXA) (lumbar spine and hip), and TBS was evaluated. RESULTS: From the 96 patients invited, 33 patients accepted to participate and comprised the warfarin group (WG), and 3 were excluded. The control group (CG) was composed of 21 individuals matched by age and race. The mean age of WG was 57.0 ± 7.6 and in the CG 54.0 ± 10.6 years (p = 0.095). The BMD in WG was lower than that in the CG in all sites (spine p < 0.001, total hip p = 0.001, and femoral neck p = 0.005). A longer time of warfarin use increased the likelihood of having low BMD (OR = 1.239, CI 1.064-1.674, p = 0.01), whereas high BMI decreased it (OR = 0.732, CI 0.533-0.918, p = 0.03). The TBS was lower in WG than the CG (p = 0.04). Lower TBS was associated with hypertension in both groups and to the hip BMD (neck and total) (p < 0.005) in the WG. In the multivariate analysis, only hypertension (- 0.10, CI - 0.17 to - 0.03, p = 0.008) and total hip BMD ( 0.26, CI 0.07-0.46, p = 0.009) influenced TBS. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated an association between worsening of BMD and bone quality in patients taking warfarin for more than 1 year.