RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in children from 18 months to 5 years of age in eastern (near urban centers) and western (far from urban centers) Parakanã, verify the influence of proximity to non-indigenous cultures, and compare with other ethnicities and non-indigenous. Material and Methods: The universe of children was examined by one researcher in a cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis and the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) were performed. Results: It was observed that 68.8% (N = 53) of children from 18 to 36 months of age presented dmft = 0 (without caries), while 12.5% (N = 6) of children of five years of age presented this condition. For children between 18 and 36 months, the average dmft values were 0.74 (SD=1.91) for eastern children and 1.25 (SD=1.65) for western children. At five years of age, the average dmft values were 4.35 (SD=3.29) and 3.75 (SD=2.05) for eastern and western, respectively. Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05) showed no difference between East and Western children. When compared with non-indigenous Brazilian children, the values behaved similarly. Conclusion: Knowledge of the epidemiological profile of dental caries in Indigenous Parakanã children is relevant both in planning oral health actions for this population and for aggregating information, which is still scarce for Indigenous.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of ovine brucellosis using Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, as well as to identify the main risk factors associated with infection in sheep flocks belonging to municipalities in the microregion from Teresina, PI, Brazil. A total of 100 urine and blood samples were collected from sheep aged 6 months or older. The urine samples were submitted to conventional PCR and the blood samples were examined by the AGID technique. Of the 100 blood samples, 17 (17%) were reactive to the AGID test. In conventional PCR of 100 urine samples, six (6%) were positive. Risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis included the rearing system (OR=0.19), feed management (OR=0.05), presence of dystotic births (OR=4.50), miscarriages (OR=3.75) and source of water offered to the animals (OR=0.19). Thus, it was concluded that it is possible to detect the occurrence of animals with ovine brucellosis since PCR is a reliable method to confirm infection. Furthermore, there are risk factors associated to infection by B. ovis in the municipalities studied.(AU)

Objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência da brucelose ovina através das técnicas de Imunodifusão em Gel de Ágar (IDGA) e Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), bem como identificar os principais fatores de risco associados à infecção nos rebanhos ovinos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, PI, Brasil. Foram colhidas 100 amostras de urina e de sangue de ovinos com idade superior ou igual a seis meses. As amostras de urina foram submetidas a PCR convencional e as amostras de sangue à técnica de IDGA. Das 100 amostras de sangue 17 (17%) foram reagentes ao teste de IDGA. Já na PCR convencional das 100 amostras de urina, seis (6%) foram positivas. Ressalta-se que três animais foram positivos em ambos os testes. Como fatores associados à infecção por B. ovis, observou-se o tipo de sistema de criação (OR=0,19), o manejo alimentar (OR=0,05), presença de partos distócicos (OR=4,50), abortamentos (OR=3,75) e a fonte de água fornecida aos animais (OR=0,19). Assim, conclui-se que foi possível detectar a ocorrência de animais com brucelose ovina, uma vez que a PCR é um método confirmatório. Além disso, há fatores de risco associados à infecção por B. ovis nos municípios estudados.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Among the diseases that affect the reproductive system of domestic animals, brucellosis in the sheep species is important because it generates significant economic losses to sheep rearing. Thus, it is a threat to the growth and productivity of sheep herds. In the face of this problem, the objective of the present research was to identify the prevalence of ovine brucellosis in herds in municipalities of the Teresina, Piauí, Brazil microregion by using the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological tests. Fourteen municipalities were included in the research. Blood samples were collected from 521 pubescent animals by puncturing the jugular vein. After collection, the samples were submitted to the serological techniques, AGID and indirect ELISA, to detect anti B. ovis antibody. Of the 521 samples submitted to the AGIDtest, 23 (4.41%) were sera reagent and 498 (95.58%) negative. The indirect ELISA tests, 24 (4.61%) suspect samples and 497 (95.39%) negative samples were obtained, and there were no reagent animals in this test, only suspect. The seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis in the Teresina, Piauí microregion was 4.41%. Thus, it is possible to identify sheep with reagent serology to infection by B. ovis, that is present in municipalities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Furthermore, AGIDwas shown to be more sensitive in detecting animals that had had contact with the etiological agent of the disease.(AU)

Dentre as enfermidades que acometem o sistema reprodutivo dos animais domésticos, a brucelose na espécie ovina tem se destacado por gerar prejuízos econômicos significativos à ovinocultura. Dessa forma, apresenta-se como uma ameaça ao crescimento e à produtividade dos rebanhos ovinos. Diante de tal problemática, objetivou-se, por meio desta pesquisa, identificar a prevalência de brucelose ovina em rebanhos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, Piauí, por meio dos testes sorológicos, imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) indireto. Quatorze municípios foram incluídos na pesquisa. Para sua execução, colheram-se, por punção venosa da jugular, amostras sanguíneas de 521 animais púberes. Após colheita, as amostras foram submetidas às técnicas sorológicas, IDGA e ELISA indireto, para a detecção de anticorpos anti-B. ovis. Das 521 amostras submetidas ao teste de IDGA, 23 (4,41%) foram sororreagentes e 498 (95,58%) negativas. Quanto ao teste ELISA indireto, obtiveram-se 24 (4,61%) amostras suspeitas e 497 (95,39%) amostras negativas, não havendo animais reagentes neste teste, apenas suspeitos. A soroprevalência da brucelose ovina na microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí, foi de 4,41%. Assim, foi possível identificar ovinos com sorologia reagente à infecção por B. ovis, presente em municípios do estado do Piauí. Além disso, a IDGA mostrou-se mais sensível em detectar animais que tiveram contato com o agente etiológico da doença.(AU)

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RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Simarouba versicolor on reproductive parameters of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus): implantation index (%), resorption index (%), pre-implant loss, post-implant loss of the parents. pregnancy, the rats with approximately 90 days, weighing 160 to 250 g were divided into 4 groups (n=8), Control, Sv-EtOH 10, 20, 40mg/kg. The formulas used to evaluate reproductive parameters were following: IMPLEMENTATION INDEX = (number of implantations / number of corpus luteum)x100; REABSORPTION INDEX = (no resorption*/ no implants) x100* no resorptions = (no implants)-(nofetuses); PRE-IMPLANT LOSSES = (No. of corpus luteum - No. of implants / No. of corpus luteum) x100; POSTIMPLANT LOSSES = (number of implants - number of natives / number of implants) x100. In the analysis of the implantation index, resorption, pre-implant loss and post-implantation loss were not significant when compared to the control. These results indicate the absence of maternal toxicity for the investigated doses during the period of pre-implantation, implantation and full term pregnancy. However, further studies with different doses and concentrations of Simarouba versicolor extract will be necessary in the gestational period.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the maturation rates of goat oocytes submitted to slow freezing in conventional medium for IVM. For this purpose, cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated from pubic goat ovaries were classified morphologically and slowly frozen with 1.5 M ethylene glycol. After thawing the cryopreserved oocytes, those classified as viable were matured in conventional in vitro maturation medium. Evaluating the maturation rate, the percentage of matured oocytes in the group that underwent the cryopreservation process is significantly lower (17.6%) when compared to the control group (69.2%), also showing a high percentage of immature oocytes. Several oocyte injuries were found, caused by the studied cryopreservation method, interfering with their oocyte competence. Even with nuclear maturation rates, observed through the extrusion of the first polar corpuscle, the morphologies were altered in most oocytes, and further studies using new techniques and / or other cryoprotectants are necessary.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective was to evaluate the maturation rates of goat oocytes submitted to slow freezing in conventional medium for IVM. For this purpose, cumulus-oocyte complexes aspirated from pubic goat ovaries were classified morphologically and slowly frozen with 1.5 M ethylene glycol. After thawing the cryopreserved oocytes, those classified as viable were matured in conventional in vitro maturation medium. Evaluating the maturation rate, the percentage of matured oocytes in the group that underwent the cryopreservation process is significantly lower (17.6%) when compared to the control group (69.2%), also showing a high percentage of immature oocytes. Several oocyte injuries were found, caused by the studied cryopreservation method, interfering with their oocyte competence. Even with nuclear maturation rates, observed through the extrusion of the first polar corpuscle, the morphologies were altered in most oocytes, and further studies using new techniques and / or other cryoprotectants are necessary.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Simarouba versicolor on reproductive parameters of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus): implantation index (%), resorption index (%), pre-implant loss, post-implant loss of the parents. pregnancy, the rats with approximately 90 days, weighing 160 to 250 g were divided into 4 groups (n=8), Control, Sv-EtOH 10, 20, 40mg/kg. The formulas used to evaluate reproductive parameters were following: IMPLEMENTATION INDEX = (number of implantations / number of corpus luteum)x100; REABSORPTION INDEX = (no resorption*/ no implants) x100* no resorptions = (no implants)-(nofetuses); PRE-IMPLANT LOSSES = (No. of corpus luteum - No. of implants / No. of corpus luteum) x100; POSTIMPLANT LOSSES = (number of implants - number of natives / number of implants) x100. In the analysis of the implantation index, resorption, pre-implant loss and post-implantation loss were not significant when compared to the control. These results indicate the absence of maternal toxicity for the investigated doses during the period of pre-implantation, implantation and full term pregnancy. However, further studies with different doses and concentrations of Simarouba versicolor extract will be necessary in the gestational period.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Among the diseases that affect the reproductive system of domestic animals, brucellosis in the sheep species is important because it generates significant economic losses to sheep rearing. Thus, it is a threat to the growth and productivity of sheep herds. In the face of this problem, the objective of the present research was to identify the prevalence of ovine brucellosis in herds in municipalities of the Teresina, Piauí, Brazil microregion by using the agar gel immunodiffusion assay (AGID) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serological tests. Fourteen municipalities were included in the research. Blood samples were collected from 521 pubescent animals by puncturing the jugular vein. After collection, the samples were submitted to the serological techniques, AGID and indirect ELISA, to detect anti B. ovis antibody. Of the 521 samples submitted to the AGIDtest, 23 (4.41%) were sera reagent and 498 (95.58%) negative. The indirect ELISA tests, 24 (4.61%) suspect samples and 497 (95.39%) negative samples were obtained, and there were no reagent animals in this test, only suspect. The seroprevalence of ovine brucellosis in the Teresina, Piauí microregion was 4.41%. Thus, it is possible to identify sheep with reagent serology to infection by B. ovis, that is present in municipalities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Furthermore, AGIDwas shown to be more sensitive in detecting animals that had had contact with the etiological agent of the disease.(AU)

Dentre as enfermidades que acometem o sistema reprodutivo dos animais domésticos, a brucelose na espécie ovina tem se destacado por gerar prejuízos econômicos significativos à ovinocultura. Dessa forma, apresenta-se como uma ameaça ao crescimento e à produtividade dos rebanhos ovinos. Diante de tal problemática, objetivou-se, por meio desta pesquisa, identificar a prevalência de brucelose ovina em rebanhos pertencentes a municípios da microrregião de Teresina, Piauí, por meio dos testes sorológicos, imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) indireto. Quatorze municípios foram incluídos na pesquisa. Para sua execução, colheram-se, por punção venosa da jugular, amostras sanguíneas de 521 animais púberes. Após colheita, as amostras foram submetidas às técnicas sorológicas, IDGA e ELISA indireto, para a detecção de anticorpos anti-B. ovis. Das 521 amostras submetidas ao teste de IDGA, 23 (4,41%) foram sororreagentes e 498 (95,58%) negativas. Quanto ao teste ELISA indireto, obtiveram-se 24 (4,61%) amostras suspeitas e 497 (95,39%) amostras negativas, não havendo animais reagentes neste teste, apenas suspeitos. A soroprevalência da brucelose ovina na microrregião homogênea de Teresina, Piauí, foi de 4,41%. Assim, foi possível identificar ovinos com sorologia reagente à infecção por B. ovis, presente em municípios do estado do Piauí. Além disso, a IDGA mostrou-se mais sensível em detectar animais que tiveram contato com o agente etiológico da doença.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A maturação in vitro de oócitos submetidos ao processo de criopreservação, ainda compreende um desafio para o sucesso da reprodução assistida na medicina veterinária. Devido a isso, estudos são desenvolvidos a fim de identificar, amenizar e superar as limitações encontradas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se realizar a avaliação da maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos após criopreservação pelo método de congelação lenta. Para tanto, foram colhidos 204 ovários oriundos de 102 ovelhas púberes (SPRD) pertencentes a abatedouros localizados no município de Teresina, Piauí. Os ovários foram transportados para o laboratório e, posteriormente, foram aspirados por meio de um aspirador cirúrgicoadaptado. Um total de 180 oócitos foram desnudados e, então, submetidos à congelação lenta em sistema automatizado (TK 3000®). Posteriormente foram descongelados, e submetidos à maturação in vitro(MIV). Em seguida, procedeu-se a avaliação da maturação nuclear. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (P ≤ 0,05). Após descongelação, 22,8% dos oócitos na avaliação em estereomicroscópio (45x) apresentavam lesões de zona pelúcida e de oolema. Dos 139 oócitos submetidos a MIV, oito maturaram (5,75%). Conclui-se que a congelação lenta de oócitos ovinos pode influenciar a maturação in vitro, devido a lesões de membrana plasmática e zona pelúcida.(AU)

The in vitro maturation of oocytes submitted to the cryopreservation process, still comprises a challenge for the success of assisted reproduction in veterinary medicine. Due to this, studies are developed in order to identify, ameliorate and overcome the limitations found. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes after cryopreservation by the slow freezing method. For that, 204 ovaries from 102 pubertal sheep (SPRD) belonging to slaughterhouses located in the city of Teresina, Piauí, were collected. The ovaries were transported to the laboratory and subsequently aspirated by means of an adapted surgical aspirator. A total of 180 CCO's were obtained, which were stripped and then subjected to slow freezing in an automated system (TK 3000®). Later they were thawed and submitted to in vitro maturation (IVM). Next, the nuclear maturation was evaluated. Results were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05). After thawing, 22.8% of the oocytes in the stereomicroscope (45x) evaluation presented lesions of the zona pellucida and oolema. Of the 139 oocytes submitted to IVM, eight maturated (5.75%). It is concluded that slow freezing of sheep oocytesmay influence in vitro maturation due to plasma membrane and zona pellucida lesions.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A maturação in vitro de oócitos submetidos ao processo de criopreservação, ainda compreende um desafio para o sucesso da reprodução assistida na medicina veterinária. Devido a isso, estudos são desenvolvidos a fim de identificar, amenizar e superar as limitações encontradas. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se realizar a avaliação da maturação in vitro de oócitos ovinos após criopreservação pelo método de congelação lenta. Para tanto, foram colhidos 204 ovários oriundos de 102 ovelhas púberes (SPRD) pertencentes a abatedouros localizados no município de Teresina, Piauí. Os ovários foram transportados para o laboratório e, posteriormente, foram aspirados por meio de um aspirador cirúrgicoadaptado. Um total de 180 oócitos foram desnudados e, então, submetidos à congelação lenta em sistema automatizado (TK 3000®). Posteriormente foram descongelados, e submetidos à maturação in vitro(MIV). Em seguida, procedeu-se a avaliação da maturação nuclear. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson (P ≤ 0,05). Após descongelação, 22,8% dos oócitos na avaliação em estereomicroscópio (45x) apresentavam lesões de zona pelúcida e de oolema. Dos 139 oócitos submetidos a MIV, oito maturaram (5,75%). Conclui-se que a congelação lenta de oócitos ovinos pode influenciar a maturação in vitro, devido a lesões de membrana plasmática e zona pelúcida.

The in vitro maturation of oocytes submitted to the cryopreservation process, still comprises a challenge for the success of assisted reproduction in veterinary medicine. Due to this, studies are developed in order to identify, ameliorate and overcome the limitations found. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro maturation of ovine oocytes after cryopreservation by the slow freezing method. For that, 204 ovaries from 102 pubertal sheep (SPRD) belonging to slaughterhouses located in the city of Teresina, Piauí, were collected. The ovaries were transported to the laboratory and subsequently aspirated by means of an adapted surgical aspirator. A total of 180 CCO's were obtained, which were stripped and then subjected to slow freezing in an automated system (TK 3000®). Later they were thawed and submitted to in vitro maturation (IVM). Next, the nuclear maturation was evaluated. Results were evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test (P ≤ 0.05). After thawing, 22.8% of the oocytes in the stereomicroscope (45x) evaluation presented lesions of the zona pellucida and oolema. Of the 139 oocytes submitted to IVM, eight maturated (5.75%). It is concluded that slow freezing of sheep oocytesmay influence in vitro maturation due to plasma membrane and zona pellucida lesions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer o perfil epidemiológico de cárie dentária da população indígena Parakanã. Estudo transversal quantitativo de base documental, a coleta de dados foi realizada na base de dados do serviço odontológico do Programa Parakanã, localizado no município de Tucuruí, Estado do Pará. A amostra constituiu na avaliação documental de 173 indivíduos submetidos ao levantamento epidemiológico de cárie dentária, 44 foram do grupo etário 18 a 36 meses, 23 de 05 anos, 11 de 12 anos de idade; 59 de 15 a 19 anos; 33 de 35 a 44 e 3 de 65 a 74 anos de idade, correspondendo a 100% da população indígena Parakanã referente a estas idades no ano de 2004. Este estudo teve seu projeto submetido ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em seres Humanos do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Pará ­ UFPA, aprovado (protocolo 018/08). Os resultados mostraram que em média, uma criança indígena Parakanã de até 3 anos de idade possui, pelo menos, três dentes com experiência de cárie (ceo-d = 3,63), Na dentição permanente os resultados mostraram que 100% das crianças indígenas Parakanã de 12 anos apresentaram pelo menos seis dentes com experiência de cárie (CPO-D = 6,36 ), enquanto que para os adolescentes esta proporção chega a mais de 9 dentes (CPO-D = 9,68). O estudo mostra que o perfil epidemiológico de cárie dentária desta população pouco difere do perfil encontrado na população da região norte segundo dados do SBBRASIL 2003 (AU).

This study aimed to know the epidemiological profile of dental caries of the indigenous population Parakanã. Quantitative cross-sectional study of documentary base, data collection was performed in the dental service database of Parakanã Program, located in the city of Tucuruí, State of Pará. The sample consisted of documentary review of 173 individuals submitted epidemiological survey of dental caries performed. According to the inclusion criteria, 44 were the age group 18 to 36 months, 23 of 5 years and 11 to 12 years old, 59 of 15-19 years; 33 of 35-44 and 3 of 65-74 years of age, corresponding to 100% of the Parakanã indigenous population concerning these ages in 2004. This study had its project submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of Human beings Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará ­ UFPA, approved with 018/08 protocol. The results of the study showed that on average, an Indian child Parakanã up to 3 years of age, has at least three teeth with caries experience (dmft = 3,63). In the permanent dentition the results showed that 100% of indigenous children Parakanã 12 years had at least six teeth with caries experience ( DMFT = 6,63), while for teenagers this proportion reaches more than 9 teeth ( DMFT = 9,68). The study shows that the epidemiological profile of dental caries in this population differs little fron profile found in the population of the northern region according SBBRASIL 2003 data (AU).

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RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Strengthening exercises for pelvic floor muscles (SEPFM) are considered the first approach in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Nevertheless, there is no evidence about training parameters. OBJECTIVE: To identify the protocol and/or most effective training parameters in the treatment of female SUI. METHOD: A literature research was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Web of Science and Lilacs databases, with publishing dates ranging from January 1992 to March 2014. The articles included consisted of English-speaking experimental studies in which SEPFM were compared with placebo treatment (usual or untreated). The sample had a diagnosis of SUI and their age ranged between 18 and 65 years. The assessment of methodological quality was performed based on the PEDro scale. RESULTS: Seven high methodological quality articles were included in this review. The sample consisted of 331 women, mean age 44.4±5.51 years, average duration of urinary loss of 64±5.66 months and severity of SUI ranging from mild to severe. SEPFM programs included different training parameters concerning the PFM. Some studies have applied abdominal training and adjuvant techniques. Urine leakage cure rates varied from 28.6 to 80%, while the strength increase of PFM varied from 15.6 to 161.7%. CONCLUSION: The most effective training protocol consists of SEPFM by digital palpation combined with biofeedback monitoring and vaginal cones, including 12 week training parameters, and ten repetitions per series in different positions compared with SEPFM alone or a lack of treatment.

Assuntos

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Summary Introduction: Strengthening exercises for pelvic floor muscles (SEPFM) are considered the first approach in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Nevertheless, there is no evidence about training parameters. Objective: To identify the protocol and/or most effective training parameters in the treatment of female SUI. Method: A literature research was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Web of Science and Lilacs databases, with publishing dates ranging from January 1992 to March 2014. The articles included consisted of English-speaking experimental studies in which SEPFM were compared with placebo treatment (usual or untreated). The sample had a diagnosis of SUI and their age ranged between 18 and 65 years. The assessment of methodological quality was performed based on the PEDro scale. Results: Seven high methodological quality articles were included in this review. The sample consisted of 331 women, mean age 44.4±5.51 years, average duration of urinary loss of 64±5.66 months and severity of SUI ranging from mild to severe. SEPFM programs included different training parameters concerning the PFM. Some studies have applied abdominal training and adjuvant techniques. Urine leakage cure rates varied from 28.6 to 80%, while the strength increase of PFM varied from 15.6 to 161.7%. Conclusion: The most effective training protocol consists of SEPFM by digital palpation combined with biofeedback monitoring and vaginal cones, including 12 week training parameters, and ten repetitions per series in different positions compared with SEPFM alone or a lack of treatment.

Resumo Introdução: Os exercícios de fortalecimento dos músculos do pavimento pélvico (EFMPP) são considerados a primeira intervenção no tratamento da incontinência urinária de esforço (IUE); porém, não existe evidência sobre os parâmetros de treino. Objetivo: Identificar o protocolo e/ou os parâmetros de treino mais eficazes no tratamento da IUE feminina. Método: A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada entre janeiro de 1992 e março de 2014 nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library, PEDro, Web of Science e Lilacs. Os artigos incluídos eram de língua inglesa, estudos experimentais, comparando EFMPP com tratamento placebo, usual ou sem tratamento, com idade compreendida entre 18 e 65 anos e diagnóstico de IUE. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica foi realizada por meio da escala PEDro. Resultados: Sete artigos de elevada qualidade metodológica foram incluídos na presente revisão. A amostra foi constituída por 331 mulheres, com idade média de 44,4±5,51 anos, duração média das perdas urinárias de 64±5,66 meses e gravidade da IUE variando entre ligeira e grave. Os programas de EFMPP eram distintos relativamente aos parâmetros de treino dos MPP. Alguns estudos incluíram treino abdominal e técnicas adjuvantes. A taxa de cura da quantidade de perda urinária variou entre 28,6 e 80%, enquanto o aumento da força dos MPP variou de 15,6 a 161,7%. Conclusão: O protocolo de treino mais eficaz consiste nos EFMPP por palpação digital e supervisão combinados com biofeedback e cones vaginais, incluindo os parâmetros de treino de 12 semanas de duração, dez repetições por série e em distintas posições comparados com os EFMPP isolados ou sem tratamento.

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Simarouba versicolor belongs to Simaroubaceae family. It is known that this and other species of thegenus have several activities including the antiestrogen and male infertility. In order to verify the ethanol extractof Simarouba versicolor (Sv-EtOH) in isolated uterus of Wistar rats, studies have been conducted with Sv-EtOHon the tonic contractions induced by KCl or oxytocin, recorded by isometric transducers coupled to a system ofdigital acquisition, by characterizing that blocking the uterine contraction induced by oxytocin, it was found thatthere was no significant inhibition of these contractions in the presence of Sv EtOH at concentrations of 500,750, 1000 µg / mL. The Sv-EtOH (81, 243, 500, 750, 1000µg/mL) did not induce a significant relaxation ofcontractions induced by KCl showing an EMAX 49.26 ± 7.32 and did not induce significantly the inducedrelaxation of concentrations with oxytocin EMAX de 18,78±4,91%.(AU)

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The animals were divided into three groups G1, G2, G3. Semen collected was diluted in Tris-yolk baseand packaged in 0.25 ml straws, a dose of 100 x 106 sperm. Semen samples were distributed in differentequilibrium time protocols. The group 1 (1h), group 2 (2 h), group 3 (3 h). Mean values for motility were19.37%, 16.87% and 16.25% respectively for G1, G2 and G3. To analyze (TTR) which consisted of placing asemen , and incubated at 37°C for a period of 120 minutes. The force sperm motility and sperm were evaluatedby TTR in different time: 0, 60, 120, 180 minutes. The indices obtained from motility and sperm vigor wereevaluated by PROC GLM (SAS, 2001) and proceeded to the 5% Tukey test. This study demonstrated effect theequilibration period, on the viability of goat semen after the freeze-thaw process, in which the semen exposed toless cooling time has a higher sperm viability.(AU)

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Aimed to test the Reproductive® nutricêutico on the quality of fresh semen and thawed sheep. Eightsheep were used, with proven fertility after conducting breeding soundness examination CBRA (2013). Theywere divided into two groups, group 1 (Reproductice®), animals supplemented with Nutriceutical, and group 2(control), compounds by animals without supplementation, both groups were subjected to the same managementsystem and food. Seminal samples were taken once a week, through artificial vagina. After the collection wasperformed semen analysis. Subsequently, semen was diluted, bottled and cryopreserved in automated apparatusTK-3000®. After thawing, the samples were analyzed. When compared by fortnight, there was an improvement inthe group supplemented for the parameters motility and vigor in thawed semen and morphology in fresh semen.We conclude that the Reproductive® supplement had beneficial effects on semen parameters from the third weekof use.(AU)

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In order to evaluate the recovery rate of local abattoirs oocyte the metropolitan region of Teresina-PI.Ovaries were used 72 36 pubescent sheep without defined breed (SRD) .The collected ovaries were transportedto the laboratory in thermos physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) heated at 35 ° C plus 30 ug / ml sulphategentamicin in a maximum of two (2) hours, the follicular aspiration needle attached syringe was subsequentlyperformed, the aspirated pellet was deposited on heated Petri dishes previously in hot plate to 37 ° C for theidentification and classification of oocitárias structures. 52 were recovered oocyte cumulus cells and the ewerecovery rate was 1.4. Therefore the low recovery rate can be the result of the female body condition, foodsupply, breeding age and age of the animal.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery rate of oocytes by OPU technique with needleattached syringe in goats from slaughterhouses located in the homogeneous micro-region of Teresina, Piauí. 68ovaries from 34 pubertal goats without defined breed (SRD) from local abattoirs were used. After slaughter, theovaries were immediately transported to the laboratory in thermos physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) heated at35 °C plus 30 ug/ml gentamicin sulfate. Soon after it was held aspiration of oocytes and the identification andclassification of structures was subsequently conducted. It was recovered a total of 42 COCs, the average ofoocytes recovered by females 1.23. The low recovery rate obtained in this study may be due to low bodycondition score in which the animals were at the time of the examination.(AU)

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