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The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of cactus flour on the anxious-like behavior and cerebral lipid peroxidation in elderly rats (18 months of life). The rats were divided into four groups (n=10). control (CG) - received the AIN-93M ration. P5%. P10% and P15%. treated with the AIN-93M ration with the addition of 5, 10 and 15% of cactus flour respectively. In the elevated plus maze (EPM) groups P5%, P10% and P15% remained longer in the open arms. P15% remained longer in this region and less time in the closed arms. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the time the rats remained in the center of the apparatus. P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of head dips. Regarding the open field animals P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of rearing and stayed for a longer time in the center of the apparatus with P15% being the group that remained for the longest time when compared to the other groups. There was no difference in locomotion and grooming. As for the light-dark box. P15% spent more time in the light part. less time in the dark part and performed a smaller number of transitions. P5%. P10% and P15% had the lowest concentrations of brain lipid peroxidation. Our data demonstrated that consumption of cactus flour by rats promoted anxiolytic effects and minimized brain lipid peroxidation in aging. Given the above, it can be deduced that cactus pear can contribute to the prevention and/or treatment of anxiety in the aging phase.Due to its concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble fibers and antioxidant contents such as vitamin E and selenium.
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Opuntia , Humanos , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Farinha , Encéfalo , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Head and neck cancer (HNC) significantly impacts nutritional status because the tumor limits swallowing function. In this sense, it is important to monitor the nutritional status throughout the life of any individual. A multicenter case-control study was carried out to analyze the BMI at 30 years of age, two years before diagnosis and at the time of diagnosis of individuals with oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx cancers. It was observed that a 5% reduction in BMI during the two years before enrollment was associated with an increased risk of the oral cavity (OR = 3.73), oropharyngeal OR = 5.25), and laryngeal (OR = 5.22). Reduced BMI of more than 5% over two years before diagnosis was associated with HNC. Weight loss remained significant at diagnosis, but it is not possible to exclude reverse causality since most cases are at an advanced stage. BMI monitoring of individuals at potential risk for HNC can promote early diagnosis and nutritional interventions for HNC.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Laringe , Humanos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Boca , OrofaringeRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of immunocastration in lambs using testicular morphometry. Thirty lambs were randomly divided into two treatments (subcutaneous administration of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL of an anti-GnRH vaccine) and a control group (1.0 mL saline solution). The animals were vaccinated at four months of age, received a second dose 30 days later, and were slaughtered 90 days after the first vaccine dose. After slaughter, testicles were collected, and samples were removed for histological processing and evaluation of testicular morphometric parameters. Analysis of variance, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed, with a 5% level of significance. There was a reduction in testicular weight, gonadosomatic index, seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, leydigosomatic index, and total tubule length. The total length per testicular gram increased in the immunocastrated group. Intrinsic spermatogenesis yield, Sertoli cell indices, and estimates of sperm and Sertoli cell production were reduced in the immunized groups (P < 0.05). The anti-GnRH vaccine in lambs at doses of 1.0 mL and 0.5 mL is sufficient to promote immunocastration, verified through severe changes in testicular morphometry from animals.
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BACKGROUND: Reduced tobacco consumption in the population has not been associated with reduced incidence rates of head and neck cancer in several countries. OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between HNC and sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle of former smokers from three Brazilian cancer centers. METHODS: A multicenter case-control study was conducted with 229 former smokers diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and 318 controls (former smokers without head and neck cancer). Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: 11-20 years after smoking cessation showed significant impact on HNC reduction (OR 0.22, 95% CI, 0.12-0.39), which reached 82% (95% CI, 0.09-0.35) among 20 + former smokers when compared to individuals who had stopped smoking for up to 5 years. A history of high-intensity smoking (>40 pack-years) increased HNC risk by 2.09 times (95% CI 1.13-3.89) when compared to subjects who smoked up to 20 pack-years. Past alcohol consumption (OR 1.99, 95% CI, 1.06-3.82) was also associated with head and neck cancer risk in former smokers when compared to no alcohol consumption. There was a decreased head and neck cancer risk in former smokers who had high school level of education (OR 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16-0.91) compared to illiterate former smokers; and former smokers with moderate intake of vegetables (OR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.28-0.85) and fruits (OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.25-0.73) compared to those with low intake. CONCLUSION: Head and neck cancer risk in former smokers decreases after 11 years after smoking cessation, former smokers with past alcohol consumption showed an increased risk of HNC. High school level of education and moderate intake of vegetables and fruits reduced HNC risk among former smokers.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Fumantes , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/etiologia , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , VerdurasRESUMO
The specification of a particular activated carbon adsorbents for removal of phenol and related derivatives, from dilute aqueous solutions, is still based on lengthy trial and error experimental tests. A predictive model of adsorption of these compounds would considerably reduce the carbon selection time and could also bring new information to support more efficient carbon synthesis. The use of molecular simulation and the methodology of representative pores proved to be adequate for quantitative prediction of phenol adsorption. Here the methodology is being extended to chlorophenols, an important class of phenol-derived pollutants. A set of ortho- and para-chlorophenol isotherms were simulated for different representative pores in order to predict carbon adsorption and determine the most significative pore size. At low concentrations (1 × 10-4 mol/L), the pores of 8.9 and 18.5 Å are the most effective. For concentrations above 3 × 10-4 mol/L, pores in the range of 27.9 Å must be present in the activated carbon. The simulation predicts a step for the 27.9 Å pore that can be correlated with experimental steps in literature. Finally, the adsorption isotherms of chlorophenols for other activated carbons were predicted with the help of the model.
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Clorofenóis , Poluentes Ambientais , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Adsorção , Carvão Vegetal , FenolRESUMO
Introduction: Most of the data on metastatic breast cancer (MBC) originate from hospital-based studies or controlled trials involving specific populations and controlled treatments. In this respect, few population-based studies have analyzed the profile of MBC in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of women with de novo MBC using data from a population-based cancer registry (PBCR). Methods: An ecological study conducted in a PBCR in Goiânia, Brazil, for the 19952011 period. Women with MBC at diagnosis were included and the standardized incidence rate and annual percent change (APC) over the period were calculated. The women's clinical and demographic characteristics and data on diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. Results: Overall, 5,289 cases of breast cancer were registered in the Goiânia PBCR, 277 (5.2%) at metastatic stage. The adjusted incidence was 8.9/100,000 in 1995 and 6.04/100,000 in 2011 (APC: 1.1; p=0.6). Most of the patients (70.3%) were receiving care within the public healthcare system and the mean age at diagnosis was 54.7±14.5 years. Additional data for a subpopulation of 156 patients were identified at the city's two main treatment centers. According to immunohistochemistry, 53 women (67.1%) had hormone receptor-positive cancer. Of these, 14.0% (6/43) received endocrine therapy as first-line systemic treatment and 48.5% (17/35) as second-line treatment. A comparison of clinical data between the 19952003 and 20042011 periods revealed no significant differences in age, histological grade, locoregional staging, the presence of symptoms at diagnosis, or in treatment. Conclusion: This study population of women with MBC consisted predominantly of locally advanced tumors and the luminal-like subtype. The incidence rate of MBC in Goiânia did not change over the 17-year period. Most cases received chemotherapy as firstline systemic treatment irrespective of the tumor phenotype.
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Liposarcomas of the oral cavity are rare. Those originating in the buccal mucosa cause challenging diagnostic and therapeutic issues since less than 40 cases of liposarcomas of the buccal mucosa and cheek have been reported in the worldwide literature. Herein, we present a case of atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma affecting a 45-year-old female patient. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a well-defined mass located in the right buccal mucosa, extending to the submucosal layers of the cheek. Histopathologically, a well-differentiated fatty neoplasm with presence of prominent stromal inflammatory cells was observed. Multifocally scattered bizarre hyperchromatic stromal cells, some of which multinucleated, were also observed. An immunohistochemical panel comprising vimentin, S-100, CD10, CD34, CD20, CD3, CD68, CD138, MDM2, Ki-67, and P53 was employed to better characterize the lesion. A local recurrence event occurred during a 10-year follow-up period. Surgical resection was performed during both episodes. We also provided an overview of demographic and clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features, imaging findings, and the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma of the oral cavity. Knowledge of the etiopathological and clinical aspects of this rare neoplasm is fundamental in order to rule out other conditions, including lipomatous lesions that affect the buccal mucosa.
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Lipossarcoma/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence is high in South America, where recent data on survival are sparse. We investigated the main predictors of HNSCC survival in Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Colombia. METHODS: Sociodemographic and lifestyle information was obtained from standardized interviews, and clinicopathologic data were extracted from medical records and pathologic reports. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Of 1,463 patients, 378 had a larynx cancer (LC), 78 hypopharynx cancer (HC), 599 oral cavity cancer (OC), and 408 oropharynx cancer (OPC). Most patients (55.5%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease, ranging from 47.6% for LC to 70.8% for OPC. Three-year survival rates were 56.0% for LC, 54.7% for OC, 48.0% for OPC, and 37.8% for HC. In multivariable models, patients with stage IV disease had approximately 7.6 (LC/HC), 11.7 (OC), and 3.5 (OPC) times higher mortality than patients with stage I disease. Current and former drinkers with LC or HC had approximately 2 times higher mortality than never-drinkers. In addition, older age at diagnosis was independently associated with worse survival for all sites. In a subset analysis of 198 patients with OPC with available human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 data, those with HPV-unrelated OPC had a significantly worse 3-year survival compared with those with HPV-related OPC (44.6% v 75.6%, respectively), corresponding to a 3.4 times higher mortality. CONCLUSION: Late stage at diagnosis was the strongest predictor of lower HNSCC survival. Early cancer detection and reduction of harmful alcohol use are fundamental to decrease the high burden of HNSCC in South America.
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Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Idoso , Argentina , Brasil/epidemiologia , Colômbia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , UruguaiRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been suggested that cystatin C levels are modified by obesity and inflammation. Furthermore, cystatin C has been associated with cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes. Aim: To study the association of cystatin C with the metabolic profile and cardiovascular disease of peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods: Data collected included clinical, laboratorial, and multifrequency bioimpedance assessment of 52 stable peritoneal dialysis patients. Minimal residual renal function was defined as > 2mL/min/1.73m2. Results: Serum cystatin C was not significantly associated with peritoneal or urinary cystatin C excretion. Negative correlation of cystatin C with normalized protein catabolic rate (rho -0.33, p = 0.02) and a trend towards positive correlation with relative body fat (rho 0.27, p = 0.05) were not independent from residual renal function. Cystatin C was not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease (p = 0.28), nor with glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.19) or c-reactive protein (p = 0.56). In the multivariate model, both age and diabetes were the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 1.09, p = 0.029 and odds ratio 29.95, p = 0.016, respectively), while relative body fat was negatively associated with cardiovascular disease (p = 0.038); neither cystatin C (p = 0.096) nor minimal residual renal function (p = 0.756) reached a significant association with cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: In this group of peritoneal dialysis patients, cystatin C did not correlate with the metabolic or inflammatory status, nor cardiovascular disease, after adjustment for residual renal function.
RESUMO Introdução: Tem sido sugerido que os níveis de cistatina C são modificados pela obesidade e inflamação. Além disso, a cistatina C tem sido associada a eventos cardiovasculares e desfechos de mortalidade. Objetivo: Estudar a associação da cistatina C com o perfil metabólico e doença cardiovascular de pacientes em diálise peritoneal. Métodos: Os dados coletados incluíram avaliação clínica, laboratorial e de bioimpedância múltipla de 52 pacientes estáveis em diálise peritoneal. A função renal residual mínima foi definida como > 2mL/min/1,73m2. Resultados: A cistatina C sérica não esteve significativamente associada à excreção peritoneal ou urinária. A correlação negativa da cistatina C com a taxa catabólica protéica normalizada (rho -0,33, p = 0,02) e uma tendência de correlação positiva com a gordura corporal relativa (rho 0,27, p = 0,05) não foram independentes da função renal residual. A cistatina C não se associou significativamente à doença cardiovascular (p = 0,28), nem com hemoglobina glicada (p = 0,19) ou proteína C reativa (p = 0,56). No modelo multivariado, idade e diabetes foram os mais fortes preditores de doença cardiovascular (razões de probabilidade 1,09, p = 0,029 e 29,95, p = 0,016, respectivamente) enquanto a gordura corporal relativa se associou negativamente à doença cardiovascular (p = 0,038). A cistatina C não se associou significativamente com doença cardiovascular (p = 0,096), tampouco a função residual mínima (p = 0,756). Conclusão: Neste grupo de pacientes em diálise peritoneal, a cistatina C não se correlacionou com o estado metabólico ou inflamatório, nem com doença cardiovascular, após ajuste para função renal residual.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diálise Peritoneal , Cistatina C/sangue , Metaboloma , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Risco , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de CoortesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that cystatin C levels are modified by obesity and inflammation. Furthermore, cystatin C has been associated with cardiovascular events and mortality outcomes. AIM: To study the association of cystatin C with the metabolic profile and cardiovascular disease of peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: Data collected included clinical, laboratorial, and multifrequency bioimpedance assessment of 52 stable peritoneal dialysis patients. Minimal residual renal function was defined as > 2mL/min/1.73m2. RESULTS: Serum cystatin C was not significantly associated with peritoneal or urinary cystatin C excretion. Negative correlation of cystatin C with normalized protein catabolic rate (rho -0.33, p = 0.02) and a trend towards positive correlation with relative body fat (rho 0.27, p = 0.05) were not independent from residual renal function. Cystatin C was not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease (p = 0.28), nor with glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.19) or c-reactive protein (p = 0.56). In the multivariate model, both age and diabetes were the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease (odds ratio 1.09, p = 0.029 and odds ratio 29.95, p = 0.016, respectively), while relative body fat was negatively associated with cardiovascular disease (p = 0.038); neither cystatin C (p = 0.096) nor minimal residual renal function (p = 0.756) reached a significant association with cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of peritoneal dialysis patients, cystatin C did not correlate with the metabolic or inflammatory status, nor cardiovascular disease, after adjustment for residual renal function.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Cistatina C/sangue , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Metaboloma , Diálise Peritoneal , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RiscoRESUMO
We propose a pore size analysis methodology for carbonaceous materials that reduces complexity while maintaining the significant elements of the structure-property relationship. This method chooses a limited number of representative pores, which will constitute a simplified kernel to describe the pore size distribution (PSD) of an activated carbon. In this study we use the representative pore sizes of 7.0, 8.9, 18.5, and 27.9 Å and N2 isotherms at 77.4 K to determine the PSD which is later applied to predict the adsorption equilibrium of other gases. In this study we demonstrate the ability to predict adsorption of different gas molecules on activated carbon from the PSD generated with representative pores (PSDrep). The methodology allows quick solutions for large-scale calculations for carbonaceous materials screening, in addition to make accessible an easily understood and prompt evaluation of the structure-property relationship of activated carbons. In addition to the details of the methodology already tested in different fields of application of carbonaceous materials, we present a new application related to the removal of organic contaminants in dilute aqueous solutions.
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BACKGROUND: The largest radiological accident to occur in any urban area happened in Goiânia, Brazil, in 1987. One major concern regarding deleterious effects in the population was a possible increase in the breast cancer incidence. This study analyzed trends in the incidence of breast cancer over the 25-year period following the radiological accident. METHODS: This ecological, population-based study was conducted to determine the incidence of breast cancer in female residents of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, between 1988 and 2012. The data were collected from the Goiânia population-based cancer registry. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated. The Joinpoint software program was used to calculate annual percent changes (APC) in the incidence of breast cancer. RESULTS: Overall, 7,365 new cases of breast cancer were identified, with an annual crude incidence rate of 23.09/100,000 women in 1988 and of 71.65/100,000 women in 2012. The age-standardized incidence rate was 35.63/100,000 women in 1988 and 65.63/100,000 women in 2012. Analysis of the APC showed a significant annual increase of 4.8% in the incidence between 1988 and 2005 (p<0.0001) followed by stabilization in 2005-2012, with an APC of -3.5% (p=0.1). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the incidence of breast cancer in the female residents of Goiânia, Goiás in the first 17 years of evaluation (1988-2004) followed by a period of stabilization until 2012. However, the trends in the incidence suggest a lack of association with the radiological accident.
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Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/epidemiologia , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Algoritmos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/etiologia , Prognóstico , Doses de Radiação , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer, and two-fifths of cases could be avoided by changing lifestyle and eating habits. METHODS: This multicenter case-control study was conducted under the International Consortium on Head and Neck Cancer and Genetic Epidemiology, coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. This consortium evaluated associations between minimally processed food consumption and the risk of HNC in three Brazilian states. RESULTS: We evaluated 1740 subjects (847 cases and 893 controls). In multiple analyses including recognized risk factors for HNC, the consumption of apples and pears was associated with reduced risks of oral cavity and laryngeal cancers; the consumption of citrus fruits and fresh tomatoes was associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer; the consumption of bananas was associated with a reduced risk of oropharynx cancer; the consumption of broccoli, cabbage, and collard greens was associated with reduced risks of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers; and the consumption of carrots and fresh fruits was associated with a reduced risk of hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of a heathy diet rich in fruits and vegetables was associated with a reduced risk of HNC. Public policies, including government subsidies, are essential to facilitate logistical and financial access to minimally processed foods, thereby strengthening environments that promote healthy behavior.
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Dieta , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Manipulação de Alimentos , Preferências Alimentares/fisiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Dieta/estatística & dados numéricos , Fast Foods/efeitos adversos , Fast Foods/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Frutas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores de Proteção , Fatores de Risco , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e Pescoço/etiologia , Verduras , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective: To verify data-coding accuracy for ductal carcinoma in situ at the Goiânia population-based cancer registry in the Brazilian state of Goiás. Methods: Ecological time series analysis of cases coded as ductal carcinoma in situ in the state cancer database (ONCOSIS), considering data from the Goiânia population-based cancer registry, from 1994 to 2010. Results: Of 376 cases originally coded as ductal carcinoma in situ, 115 were excluded following a review of the pathology reports. These exclusions referred to cases of lobular carcinoma in situ (n=21), Paget's disease (n=4), invasive carcinoma (n=08), ductal carcinoma in situ associated with invasive carcinoma (n=14), microinvasive carcinoma (n=21), records on non-residents in Goiânia, and duplicated data (n=46). Conclusion: Many cases needed recoding and, as a consequence, altered the initial database. Standardizing pathology reports and training data collection staff are crucial steps to avoid omissions and errors when transcribing cases of ductal carcinoma in situ in a population-based cancer registry database.
Objetivo: Verificar a acurácia da codificação dos dados de carcinoma ductal in situ dentro do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia, Goiás - Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal de casos codificados como carcinoma in situ da mama, pelo programa (ONCOSIS) do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia, entre 1994 e 2010. Posteriormente realizouse busca individual dos laudos histopatológicos de CDIS. Resultados: De 376 casos de CDIS, foram excluídos 115 casos após a revisão dos laudos anatomopatológicosas. As exclusões referem-se a carcinoma lobular in situ (21), Doença de Paget (4), carcinoma invasor (08); CDIS associado a carcinoma invasor (14); microinvasor (21), pacientes com endereço fora de Goiânia e dados duplicados (46). Conclusão: Há um grande número de casos que precisam ser recodificados, alterando o banco inicial. A padronização de laudos e o treinamento dos coletadores são etapas importantes para que não haja informações desconhecidas ao transcrever o CDIS para as fichas do RCBP.
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Hypostomus subcarinatus Castelnau, 1855 is rediscovered in the Lagoa da Pampulha, an urban lake in the Rio das Velhas basin (Rio São Francisco system) in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Herein, H. subcarinatus is redescribed and diagnosed from its congeners based on characters such as blue-tan dorsal fin in live specimens, slender bicuspid teeth, dentaries angled more than 90 degrees, moderate keels along lateral series of plates, small roundish dark spots, one plate bordering supraoccipital, by having nuptial odontodes mainly on pectoral, dorsal and caudal-fin rays, and long anal-fin unbranched ray. The rediscovery of H. subcarinatus more than 160 years after its original description was an unexpected event, because the Lagoa da Pampulha is an artificial, silted and polluted urban lake. The lake is located in downtown Belo Horizonte, the third largest urban agglomeration in Brazil with a population exceeding 5.9 million inhabitants.
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Peixes-Gato/anatomia & histologia , Peixes-Gato/fisiologia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Animais , Brasil , Peixes-Gato/classificaçãoRESUMO
Since the observation of the great pleomorphism of fish trypanosomes, in vitro culture has become an important tool to support taxonomic studies investigating the biology of cultured parasites, such as their structure, growth dynamics, and cellular cycle. Relative to their biology, ex vivo and in vitro studies have shown that these parasites, during the multiplication process, duplicate and segregate the kinetoplast before nucleus replication and division. However, the inverse sequence (the nucleus divides before the kinetoplast) has only been documented for a species of marine fish trypanosomes on a single occasion. Now, this previously rare event was observed in Trypanosoma abeli, a freshwater fish trypanosome. Specifically, from 376 cultured parasites in the multiplication process, we determined the sequence of organelle division for 111 forms; 39% exhibited nucleus duplication prior to kinetoplast replication. Thus, our results suggest that nucleus division before the kinetoplast may not represent an accidental or erroneous event occurring in the main pathway of parasite reproduction, but instead could be a species-specific process of cell biology in trypanosomes, such as previously noticed for Leishmania. This "alternative" pathway for organelle replication is a new field to be explored concerning the biology of marine and freshwater fish trypanosomes.
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Organelas/fisiologia , Trypanosoma/fisiologia , Animais , Peixes-Gato/parasitologia , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase/veterináriaRESUMO
Since the observation of the great pleomorphism of fish trypanosomes, in vitroculture has become an important tool to support taxonomic studies investigat-ing the biology of cultured parasites, such as their structure, growth dynamics,and cellular cycle. Relative to their biology, ex vivo and in vitro studies haveshown that these parasites, during the multiplication process, duplicate andsegregate the kinetoplast before nucleus replication and division. However,the inverse sequence (the nucleus divides before the kinetoplast) has onlybeen documented for a species of marine fish trypanosomes on a single occa-sion. Now, this previously rare event was observed inTrypanosoma abeli,afreshwater fish trypanosome. Specifically, from 376 cultured parasites in themultiplication process, we determined the sequence of organelle division for111 forms; 39% exhibited nucleus duplication prior to kinetoplast replication.Thus, our results suggest that nucleus division before the kinetoplast may notrepresent an accidental or erroneous event occurring in the main pathway ofparasite reproduction, but instead could be a species-specific process of cellbiology in trypanosomes, such as previously noticed forLeishmania. This "al-ternative" pathway for organelle replication is a new field to be explored con-cerning the biology of marine and freshwater fish trypanosomes.
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OBJECTIVE: to analyze the overall survival and prognostic factors of women with breast cancer in the city of Goiânia. METHODS: this is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included women with malignant neoplasms of the breast identified by the Goiânia Population-based Cancer Registry. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, tumor size, staging, axillary lymph node involvement, tumor grade, disease extent, hormone receptors, and c-erb-B2 oncoprotein. We performed overall survival analyzes of five and ten years. RESULTS: we included 2,273 patients in the study, with an overall survival of 72.1% in five years and 57.8% in ten years. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, the factors that influenced the prognosis were axillary lymph nodes, histological grade, progesterone receptor, c erb B2, T staging and disease extension. CONCLUSION: overall survival in ten years is below that observed in other countries, and possibly reflects what happens with the majority of the Brazilian population. The prognostic factors found in this population follow the same international patterns.
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Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the overall survival and prognostic factors of women with breast cancer in the city of Goiânia. Methods: this is a retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study that included women with malignant neoplasms of the breast identified by the Goiânia Population-based Cancer Registry. The variables studied were age at diagnosis, tumor size, staging, axillary lymph node involvement, tumor grade, disease extent, hormone receptors, and c-erb-B2 oncoprotein. We performed overall survival analyzes of five and ten years. Results: we included 2,273 patients in the study, with an overall survival of 72.1% in five years and 57.8% in ten years. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, the factors that influenced the prognosis were axillary lymph nodes, histological grade, progesterone receptor, c erb B2, T staging and disease extension. Conclusion: overall survival in ten years is below that observed in other countries, and possibly reflects what happens with the majority of the Brazilian population. The prognostic factors found in this population follow the same international patterns.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a sobrevida global e os fatores prognósticos de mulheres com câncer de mama na cidade de Goiânia. Métodos: estudo observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, que incluiu mulheres portadoras de neoplasias malignas da mama identificadas pelo Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional de Goiânia. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade ao diagnóstico, tamanho do tumor, estadiamento, comprometimento dos linfonodos axilares, grau tumoral, extensão da doença, receptores hormonais e oncoproteína c-erb-B2. Foram realizadas análises de sobrevida global, de cinco e de dez anos. Resultados: foram incluídas no estudo 2273 pacientes, com sobrevida global em cinco anos de 72,1% e de 57,8% em dez anos. Na análise multivariada ajustada pelo tamanho do tumor, os fatores que influenciaram o prognóstico foram: linfonodos axilares, grau histológico, receptor de progesterona, c-erb-B2, estadiamento T e extensão da doença. Conclusão: a sobrevida global em dez anos está abaixo da observada em outros países, e possivelmente reflete o que acontece com a maioria da população brasileira. Os fatores prognósticos encontrados nesta população seguem o mesmo padrão internacional.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana , Estudos Transversais , Taxa de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the incidence and mortality rates from colon and rectal cancer in Midwestern Brazil. Methods: Data for the incidence rates were obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry (PBCR) according to the available period. Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the period between 1996 and 2008. Incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender and age groups. Mortality trends were analyzed by the Joinpoint software. The age-period-cohort effects were calculated by the R software. Results: The incidence rates for colon cancer vary from 4.49 to 23.19/100,000, while mortality rates vary from 2.85 to 14.54/100,000. For rectal cancer, the incidence rates range from 1.25 to 11.18/100,000 and mortality rates range between 0.30 and 7.90/100,000. Colon cancer mortality trends showed an increase among males in Cuiabá, Campo Grande, and Goiania. For those aged under 50 years, the increased rate was 13.2% in Campo Grande. For those aged over 50 years, there was a significant increase in the mortality in all capitals. In Goiânia, rectal cancer mortality in males increased 7.3%. For females below 50 years of age in the city of Brasilia, there was an increase of 8.7%, while females over 50 years of age in Cuiaba showed an increase of 10%. Conclusion: There is limited data available on the incidence of colon and rectal cancer for the Midwest region of Brazil. Colon cancer mortality has generally increased for both genders, but similar data were not verified for rectal cancer. The findings presented herein demonstrate the necessity for organized screening programs for colon and rectal cancer in Midwestern Brazil.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever o perfil do câncer de cólon e reto no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Métodos: Os dados de incidência foram obtidos dos Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) de acordo com o período disponível. Dados sobre os óbitos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação em Mortalidade (SIM). As taxas de incidência e mortalidade foram calculadas por gênero e grupos etários. As tendências de mortalidade foram analisadas pelo software Joinpoint. Os efeitos de idade-período-coorte foram calculados no software R. Resultados: As taxas de incidência do câncer de cólon variaram de 4,49 a 23,19/100.000, e a mortalidade, de 2,85 a 14,54/100.000. A incidência do câncer de reto variou de 1,25 a 11,18/100.000; a mortalidade, de 0,30 a 7,90/100.000. As tendências de mortalidade por câncer de cólon mostraram um aumento entre homens em Cuiabá, Campo Grande e Goiânia. Para aqueles abaixo dos 50 anos, o aumento foi de 13,2% em Campo Grande. Para aqueles acima dos 50 anos, houve um aumento significante em todas as capitais. Em Goiânia, a mortalidade por câncer de reto em homens aumentou 7,3%. Para mulheres abaixo dos 50 anos em Brasília, o aumento foi de 8,7%, enquanto que para mulheres acima dos 50 anos em Cuiabá foi de 10%. Conclusão: Os dados de incidência do câncer de cólon e reto no Centro-Oeste do Brasil são limitados. A mortalidade por câncer de cólon tem aumentado para ambos os sexos, mas o mesmo não foi verificado para câncer de reto. Os resultados demonstram a necessidade de programas organizados de rastreamento para esta neoplasia no Centro-Oeste.