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The Kaplan anastomosis is a rare communication originally described between the superficial and dorsal branches of the ulnar nerve, distal to the ulnar tunnel, and in strict relation with the pisiform bone. It reveals, by its particular location, a formation of high clinical-surgical expressiveness. In this paper, we describe a Kaplan-type communication from a left upper limb with an unusual loop conformation between branches of the ulnar nerve in the pisiform bone.

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AIM: Accurate prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is important in directing clinical care, allocating resources appropriately, and communicating with families and surrogate decision-makers. METHODS: A study was conducted on patients with clinical DAI due to closed-head traumatic brain injury treated at a trauma center in Brazil from July 2013 to September 2015.  The objective efficacy of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Trauma and Injury Severity Scoring system (TRISS), New Trauma and Injury Severity Scoring system (NTRISS), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)/head, Corticosteroid Randomization After Significant Head Injury (CRASH), and International Mission on Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials (IMPACT) models in the prediction of mortality at 14 days and 6-months and unfavorable outcomes at 6 months was tested. RESULTS: Our cohort comprised 95 prospectively recruited adults (85 males, 10 females, mean age 30.3 ± 10.9 years) admitted with DAI. Model efficacy was assessed through discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]), and Cox calibration. The AIS/head, TRISS, NTRISS, CRASH, and IMPACT models were able to discriminate both mortality and unfavorable outcomes (AUC 0.78-0.87). IMPACT models resulted in a statistically perfect calibration for both 6-month outcome variables; mortality and 6-month unfavorable outcome. Calibration also revealed that TRISS, NTRISS, and CRASH systematically overpredicted both outcomes, except for 6-month unfavorable outcome with TRISS. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that TRISS, NTRISS, CRASH, and IMPACT models satisfactorily discriminate between mortality and unfavorable outcomes. However, only the TRISS and IMPACT models showed accurate calibration when predicting 6-month unfavorable outcome.

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Generally, medicinal plants are harvested with high amount of water, so it is essential to subject the product to drying as soon as possible to prevent degradation before application. Most compounds from medicinal plants are sensitive to drying processes, so it is important to adjust the drying conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the drying of Rue (Ruta chalepensis L.) leaves, select the models that best fit each drying condition, determine the activation energy and thermodynamic properties of the leaves, and evaluate their quality after drying. Leaves were harvested with moisture content of 3.55 ± 0.05 kg water kg-1dry matter and subjected to drying at temperatures of 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C. Valcam model showed the best fit to represent the drying kinetics of Rue leaves at temperatures of 40 and 70 °C, and Midilli model proved to be better for the temperatures of 50 and 60 °C. Effective diffusion coefficient increased linearly with the increase in drying air temperature, and the activation energy was 60.58 kJ mol-1. Enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy values ranged from 57.973 to 57.723 kJ mol-1, from - 0.28538 to - 0.28614 kJ mol-1 K-1 and from 147.34 to 155.91 kJ mol-1, respectively, for the temperature range of 40-70 °C. Drying air temperature promoted darkening or tendency to loss of green color; increase in drying air temperature leads to greater discoloration, as well as a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds (about 221.10 mg GAE mL-1 g-1 dm), with a peak at temperature of 60 °C.

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CONTEXT: The combined use of transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation with aryne annulation reactions has emerged as an important strategy in organic synthesis. In this study, the mechanisms of the palladium(II)-catalyzed annulation reaction of N-methoxy amides and arynes were computationally investigated by density functional theory. The role of methoxy amide as a directing group was elucidated through the calculation of three different pathways for the C-H activation step, showing that the pathway where amide nitrogen acts as a directing group is preferable. At the reductive elimination transition state, an unstable seven-membered ring is formed preventing the lactam formation. A substituent effect study based on an NBO analysis, Hammet, and using a More O'Ferall-Jenks plot indicates that the C-H activation step proceeds via an electrophilic concerted metalation-deprotonation (eCMD) mechanism. The results show that electron-withdrawing groups increase the activation barrier and contribute to an early Pd-C bond formation and a late C-H bond breaking when compared with electron-donating substituents. Our computational results are in agreement with the experimental data provided in the literature. METHODS: All calculations were performed using Gaussian 16 software. Geometry optimizations, frequency analyses at 393.15 K, and IRC calculations were conducted at the M06L/Def2-SVP level of theory. Corrected electronic energies, NBO charges, and Wiberg bond indexes were computed at the M06L/Def2-TZVP//M06L/Def2-SVP level of theory. Implicit solvent effects were considered in all calculations using the SMD model, with acetonitrile employed as the solvent.

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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) remain challenging. This research aimed to analyze the impact on activities of daily living (ADL), functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and the association between lesion severity and DAI location identified through imaging exams. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 95 patients diagnosed with DAI. Data were collected at admission, three, six, and twelve months post-injury. The associations between variables were evaluated using a mixed-effects model. RESULTS: Functional recovery and QoL improved between three and twelve months after DAI. An interaction was observed between independence in performing ADL and subarachnoid hemorrhage (p = 0.043) and intraventricular hemorrhage (p = 0.012). Additionally, an interaction over time was observed between the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and DAI severity (p < 0.001), brain lesions (p = 0.014), and the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) with injury in brain hemispheres (p = 0.026) and Adams classification (p = 0.013). Interaction effects over time were observed with the general health perceptions and energy/vitality domains with intraventricular hemorrhage, and the social functioning domain with the obliteration of basal cisterns and Gentry's classification. CONCLUSION: The use of CT in the acute phase of DAI is important for predicting outcomes. The severity and location of DAI are associated with functional outcomes, ADL, and QoL.

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Tuberculosis (TB) among indigenous populations in Brazil poses a multifaceted public health challenge influenced by geographical, social, institutional, economic, and cultural factors. This study scrutinized the prevalence and spatial distribution of TB among Brazilian indigenous communities from 2002 to 2022. Employing a cross-sectional and descriptive approach, we analyzed data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and conducted spatial autocorrelation tests to identify clusters and outliers. The findings uncovered substantial disparities in TB prevalence between the North and Central-West regions, in contrast to the South and Southeast, mirroring social, economic, and cultural inequalities in Brazil. It is concluded that public health strategies should not only consider the epidemiological aspects of TB but also encompass social and environmental determinants, notably the impact of climate change. Holistic and context-sensitive approaches are imperative for addressing TB within indigenous communities, underscoring the need for adaptive and culturally sensitive interventions in the public health landscape.

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The objective was to perform a spatial analysis of the hospital mortality rate (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil from 2020 to 2021. A cluster method was used to group federal units (FUs) based on HMR. In 2020, clusters with high HMRs were formed by north/northeast FUs. In 2021, there was a reduction in HMR. Clusters with higher rates remained in the N/NE region. Regional differences were observed in the HMR. The findings may reflect social inequalities and access to hospital care, especially in the under 1-year-old age group due to the severity of the disease in this group.

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NMR spectroscopy has become a standard technique in studies both on carbon capture and storage. 13 C NMR allows the detection of two peaks for carbonated aqueous samples: one for CO2(aq) and another one for the species H2 CO3 , HCO3 - , and CO3 2- -herein collectively named Hx CO3 x-2 . The chemical shift of this second peak depends on the molar fraction of the three species in equilibrium and has been used to assess the equilibrium between HCO3 - and CO3 2- . The detection of H2 CO3 at low pH solutions is hindered, because of the concurrent liberation of CO2 when the medium is acidified. Herein, a valved NMR tube facilitates the detection of the Hx CO3 x-2 peak across a wide pH range, even at pH 1.8 where the dominant species is H2 CO3 . The method employed the formation of frozen layers of NaH13 CO3 and acid solutions within the tube, which are mixed as the tube reaches room temperature. At this point, the tube is already securely sealed, preventing any loss of CO2 to the atmosphere. A spectrophotometry approach allowed the measurement of the actual pH inside the pressurized NMR tube. The chemical shift for H2 CO3 was determined as 160.33 ± 0.03 ppm, which is in good agreement with value obtained by DFT calculations combined with Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. The H2 CO3 pKa value determined by the present method was 3.41 ± 0.03, for 15% D2 O aqueous medium and 0.8 mol/L ionic strength. The proposed method can be extended to studies about analogs such as alkyl carbonic and carbamic acids.

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Proterochampsids are a group of South American nonarchosaurian archosauromorphs whose general morphology has been historically likened to that of the extant Crocodylia, which purportedly exhibited similar habits by convergence. Taxa from the genus Proterochampsa, for example, show platyrostral skulls with dorsally faced orbits and external nares and elongated snouts that might indicate a feeding habit similar to that of crocodilians. Nonetheless, some aspects of their craniomandibular anatomy are distinct. Proterochampsa has comparatively larger skull temporal fenestrae, and a unique morphology of the mandibular adductor chamber, with a remarkably large surangular shelf and a fainter retroarticular region in the mandible. In light of this, we conducted biomechanical tests on a 3-dimensional model of Proterochampsa nodosa including the first Finite Element Analysis for proterochampsians and compared it with models of the extant crocodylians Tomistoma schlegelii and Alligator mississippiensis. Our analyses suggested that, despite the differences in adductor chamber, Proterochampsa was able to perform bite forces comparable to those modeled for Alligator and significantly higher than Tomistoma. However, the morphology of the surangular shelf and the adductor chamber of Proterochampsa renders it more prone to accumulate stresses resulting from muscle contraction, when compared with both analogs. The elongated lower jaw of Proterochampsa, like that of Tomistoma, is more susceptible to bending, when compared with Alligator. As a result, we suggest that Proterochampsa might employ anteriorly directed bites only when handling small and soft-bodied prey. In addition, Proterochampsa exemplifies the diversity of arrangements that the adductor musculature adopted in different diverging archosauromorph groups.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of AKI, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) severity. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study which analyzed data with severe TBI between 2013 and 2017. We examined demographic and clinical information, and outcome by in-hospital mortality, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale six months after TBI. We associated factors to in-hospital mortality and unfavorable outcome in severe TBI and AKI with an association test. RESULTS: A total of 219 patients were selected, 39.3% had an AKI, and several factors associated with AKI occurrence after severe TBI. Stage 2 or 3 of AKI (OR 12.489; 95% CI = 4.45-37.94) were independent risk for both outcomes in multivariable models, severity injury by the New Trauma Injury Severity Score (OR 0.97; 95% CI = 0.96-0.99) for mortality, and the New Injury Severity Score (OR1.07; 95% CI = 1.04-1.10) and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (OR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.965-0.997) for unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study confirmed that AKI severity and severity of injury was also related to increased mortality and unfavorable outcome after severe TBI.

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Abstract The objective was to perform a spatial analysis of the hospital mortality rate (HMR) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) attributed to COVID-19 among children and adolescents in Brazil from 2020 to 2021. A cluster method was used to group federal units (FUs) based on HMR. In 2020, clusters with high HMRs were formed by north/northeast FUs. In 2021, there was a reduction in HMR. Clusters with higher rates remained in the N/NE region. Regional differences were observed in the HMR. The findings may reflect social inequalities and access to hospital care, especially in the under 1-year-old age group due to the severity of the disease in this group.

Resumo Objetivou-se realizar uma análise espacial da taxa de mortalidade hospitalar (TMH) por síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) atribuída à COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil no período de 2020 a 2021. Utilizou-se o método de cluster para agrupar as unidades federativas (UFs) com base na TMH. Em 2020, clusters com altas TMHs foram formados por UFs Norte/Nordeste. Em 2021, houve redução na TMH. Os clusters com maiores taxas permaneceram na região N/NE. Diferenças regionais foram observadas nas TMHs. Os achados podem refletir as desigualdades sociais e o acesso à atenção hospitalar, principalmente na faixa etária de menores de 1 ano pela gravidade da doença neste grupo.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the use of photobiomodulation in swallowing difficulties in individuals who had a severe form of COVID-19. This case report was based on a quasi-experimental, quantitative study, with primary data collected from a non-probabilistic sample of 13 adults (aged ≥ 19 to < 60 years) of both sexes, who had the severe form of COVID-19. Swallowing was assessed with the Dysphagia Risk Assessment Protocol, and the intervention used photobiomodulation. Descriptive statistics were used. It was found that all research participants' risk for dysphagia in water and pudding swallowing tests improved from before to after the intervention. It can be concluded that photobiomodulation had positive results in speech-language-hearing practice to treat swallowing difficulties in adults who were affected by the severe form of COVID-19, intubated, tracheostomized, and needed an alternative feeding route, as the swallowing difficulties improved.

RESUMO O objetivo foi verificar o uso da fotobiomodulação na dificuldade de deglutição em indivíduos que desenvolveram a forma grave da COVID-19. Trata-se de um relato de casos, a partir de um estudo quase experimental, quantitativo, com coleta de dados primários e com amostra não probabilística, realizado com 13 indivíduos adultos (idade ≥ 19 a < 60 anos) de ambos os sexos, que tiveram a forma grave da COVID-19. Foi realizada a avaliação da deglutição pelo Protocolo de Avaliação para o Risco de Disfagia (PARD) e a intervenção com fotobiomodulação. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Verificou-se que todos os participantes da pesquisa apresentaram melhora no risco para disfagia no teste de deglutição de água e de alimento pastoso do momento pré para o pós-intervenção. Pode-se concluir que a utilização da fotobiomodulação na prática fonoaudiológica para tratar a dificuldade de deglutição dos adultos que foram acometidos pela forma grave da COVID-19, intubados, traqueostomizados e necessitaram fazer uso de via alternativa de alimentação, trouxe resultados positivos, com melhora da dificuldade de deglutição.

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Resumo Objetivo Comparar os sintomas de estresse e as estratégias de enfrentamento de cuidadores de pessoas idosas com Doença de Alzheimer em razão das variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e de atuação profissional. Método Pesquisa transversal realizada com 126 cuidadores de pessoas idosas com Doença de Alzheimer. Foi utilizado um questionário para avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde do cuidador, a Escala de Estresse Percebido e Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas. A análise de dados foi realizada pelos testes t de Student independente, Anova One-way e Post-Hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados As mulheres utilizam mais a estratégia de enfrentamento de busca de suporte social (p=0,013). Os cuidadores que cuidam de mais de uma pessoa idosa utilizam mais a estratégia de enfrentamento focada no problema (p=0,020). Cuidadores que realizam cuidado formal apresentaram maior estresse (p=0,015) e utilizam menos a estratégia focada no problema (p=0,020). Conclusão O perfil sociodemográfico, de saúde e atuação profissional são fatores intervenientes nas estratégias de enfrentamento de estresse de cuidadores de pessoas idosas com Doença de Alzheimer.

Abstract Objective To compare stress symptoms and coping strategies among caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease according to sociodemographic, health, and professional variables. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted of 126 caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. A questionnaire assessing caregiver sociodemographic and health profiles, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Ways of Coping Scale were applied. Data analysis was performed using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post-hoc test (p<0.05). Results Women made greater use of the coping strategy of seeking social support (p=0.013). Caregivers with more than one care recipient made greater use of problem-focused coping strategies (p=0.020). Caregivers engaged in formal care exhibited higher levels of stress (p=0.015) and made less use of problem-focused coping strategies (p=0.020). Conclusion Sociodemographic, health, and professional profiles are factors mediating the stress coping strategies employed by caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

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RESUMO Introdução: A implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PNSI-LGBTT) em 2011 e de outros marcos legais destaca a importância da inclusão da identidade de gênero e da orientação sexual na formação em saúde. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a presença da diversidade sexual e de gênero nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) dos cursos de graduação em saúde. Método: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de documentos de acesso público disponíveis no site do MEC. Examinaram-se 22 DCN estabelecidas nas últimas duas décadas, com foco nos registros de direitos humanos, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual. Resultado: Houve um aumento progressivo na inclusão das minorias sexuais nas DCN ao longo das duas últimas décadas, sobretudo nos últimos dez anos. Destaca-se um notável crescimento nos registros de direitos humanos, identidade de gênero e orientação sexual, refletindo uma mudança significativa no panorama das DCN. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência positiva de inclusão de temas relacionados à diversidade sexual e de gênero nas DCN da área da saúde. Esse avanço sugere maior conscientização e reconhecimento da importância de uma formação inclusiva para profissionais de saúde, promovendo a equidade e a justiça social.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Health for Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals (PNSI-LGBTT) in 2011, together with other legal frameworks, highlights the importance of including Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation in health training. In this context, the present study aims to demonstrate the presence of sexual and gender diversity in the National Curricular Guidelines (DCN) of undergraduate health courses. Method: Data collection was carried out through publicly accessible documents available on the MEC website. Twenty-two DCNs established in the last two decades were assessed, focusing on records of Human Rights, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation. Results: There has been a progressive increase in the inclusion of sexual minorities in the DCNs over the last two decades, especially in the last ten years. A notable growth in records of Human Rights, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation stands out, reflecting a significant change in the panorama of curricular guidelines. Discussion: The results show a positive trend towards the inclusion of topics related to sexual and gender diversity in the DCNs in the health area. This advance suggests greater awareness and recognition of the importance of inclusive training for health professionals, promoting equity and social justice.

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The present study aims to review the influence of glycemia and natremia on the propensity to develop complications, worse prognosis, and mortality risk in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is an integrative literature review guided by the guiding question: "Do changes in blood glucose levels or plasma sodium concentration influence in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?". The search for articles was performed on the PubMed platform, limiting the selection to works published in English in the period from 2017 to 2022. The results found demonstrate that the role of sodium ions in changes in the prognosis of patients is complex, with hypernatremia being the main factor described to worse outcomes. In contrast, the part of hyponatremia is controversial and may not have prognostic value, and serum sodium concentration is increasingly an important item to be evaluated in patients with aSAH. As for glucose, the variability of this substrate, both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, may be correlated with in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with aSAH. Thus, the present study concludes that changes in blood glucose values and plasma sodium concentration influence the in-hospital morbidity and mortality of patients with aSAH. However, it is emphasized that the analysis of the independent influence of each of the related predictors must be done with caution due to the heterogeneity of the results found.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo a revisão da influência da glicemia e da natremia na propensão ao desenvolvimento de complicações, no pior prognóstico e no risco de mortalidade em pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática (HSAa). Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura guiada pela questão norteadora: "Alterações nos valores da glicemia ou concentração de sódio plasmática influenciam na morbimortalidade intrahospitalar de pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea aneurismática?". A busca de artigos foi realizada na plataforma PubMed, limitando a seleção para trabalhos publicados em língua inglesa no período de 2017 a 2022. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que o papel do íon sódio nas alterações no prognóstico dos pacientes é complexo, sendo a hipernatremia o principal fator descrito em relação a piores desfechos, enquanto o papel da hiponatremia é controverso e pode não ter valor prognóstico, e a concentração de sódio sérica apresenta-se cada vez mais como um item importante a ser avaliado no paciente com HSAa. Já quanto à glicose, a variabilidade desse substrato, tanto a hiperglicemia como também a hipoglicemia, pode estar correlacionada com a mortalidade hospitalar e a longo prazo em pacientes com HSAa. Assim, o presente estudo conclui que as alterações nos valores de glicemia e concentração de sódio plasmático têm influência na morbimortalidade intrahospitalar dos pacientes com HSAa. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a análise da influência independente de cada um dos preditores relacionados deve ser feita com cautela devido à heterogeneidade dos resultados encontrados.

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Abstract Self-efficacy is defined as people's beliefs in their own abilities to achieve something. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on psychological variables associated with self-efficacy in sport. Searches were conducted in six electronic databases: LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Scopus, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Content analysis of 29 included articles allowed for the identification of three research groups: psychological variables (n = 31; 72.1%), performance variables (n = 7; 13.3%), and other variables (n = 5; 11, 6%). There was a predominance of cross-sectional quantitative studies (72.4%; n = 21). The most used instrument was the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), with 13 (44.8%) articles. In seven (24.1%) articles, specific questions were developed for the study. It is concluded that self-efficacy is a widely studied variable, but there is a lack of specific instruments in the Brazilian context of high-performance sports.

Resumo A autoeficácia é definida como as crenças das pessoas em suas próprias capacidades para alcançar algo. O objetivo foi revisar sistematicamente a literatura sobre as variáveis psicológicas associadas a autoeficácia no esporte. As buscas foram conduzidas em seis bases eletrônicas: LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science e Scopus, considerando os pressupostos da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A análise de conteúdo dos 29 artigos incluídos, permitiu identificar 3 grupos de investigação: variáveis psicológicas (n = 31; 72,1%), desempenho (n = 7; 13,3%) e demais variáveis (n = 5; 11,6%). Houve uma predominância de estudos quantitativos transversais (72,4%; n = 21). O instrumento mais utilizado foi a Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida (EAGP) com 13 (44,8%) artigos do total. Em 7 (24,1%) artigos foram desenvolvidas questões específicas para o estudo. Conclui-se que a autoeficácia é uma variável amplamente estudada, porém há uma escassez de instrumentos específicos no contexto brasileiro do esporte de rendimento.

Resumen La autoeficacia se define como las creencias de las personas sobre sus propias capacidades para lograr algo. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre variables psicológicas asociadas a la autoeficacia en el deporte. Se realizaron búsquedas en seis bases de datos electrónicas: LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science y Scopus, considerando los supuestos de Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Análisis (PRISMA). El análisis de contenido de los 29 artículos incluidos permitió identificar tres grupos de investigación: variables psicológicas (n=31; 72,1%), rendimiento (n=7; 13,3%) y otras variables (n=5; 11,6%). Hubo predominio de estudios cuantitativos transversales (72,4%; n=21). El instrumento más utilizado fue la Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida (EAGP) con 13 (44,8%) artículos en el total. En 7 (24,1%) artículos se desarrollaron preguntas específicas para el estudio. Se concluye que la autoeficacia es una variable ampliamente estudiada, pero faltan instrumentos específicos en el contexto brasileño del deporte de rendimiento.

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Odysseus (OdsH) was the first speciation gene described in Drosophila related to hybrid sterility in offspring of mating between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans. Its origin is attributed to the duplication of the gene unc-4 in the subgenus Sophophora. By using a much larger sample of Drosophilidae species, we showed that contrary to what has been previously proposed, OdsH origin occurred 62 MYA. Evolutionary rates, expression, and transcription factor-binding sites of OdsH evidence that it may have rapidly experienced neofunctionalization in male sexual functions. Furthermore, the analysis of the OdsH peptide allowed the identification of mutations of D. mauritiana that could result in incompatibility in hybrids. In order to find if OdsH could be related to hybrid sterility, beyond Sophophora, we explored the expression of OdsH in Drosophila arizonae and Drosophila mojavensis, a pair of sister species with incomplete reproductive isolation. Our data indicated that OdsH expression is not atypical in their male-sterile hybrids. In conclusion, we have proposed that the origin of OdsH occurred earlier than previously proposed, followed by neofunctionalization. Our results also suggested that its role as a speciation gene might be restricted to D. mauritiana and D. simulans.

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Advanced cutaneous melanoma is considered to be the most aggressive type of skin cancer and has variable rates of treatment response. Currently, there are some classes of immunotherapy and target therapies for its treatment. Immunotherapy can inhibit tumor growth and its recurrence by triggering the host's immune system, whereas targeted therapy inhibits specific molecules or signaling pathways. However, melanoma responses to these treatments are highly heterogeneous, and patients can develop resistance. Epigenomics (DNA/histone modifications) contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Epigenetic alterations are divided into four levels of gene expression regulation: DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. Deregulation of lysine methyltransferase enzymes is associated with tumor initiation, invasion, development of metastases, changes in the immune microenvironment, and drug resistance. The study of lysine histone methyltransferase (KMT) and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitors is important for understanding cancer epigenetic mechanisms and biological processes. In addition to immunotherapy and target therapy, the research and development of KMT and NNMT inhibitors is ongoing. Many studies are exploring the therapeutic implications and possible side effects of these compounds, in addition to their adjuvant potential to the approved current therapies. Importantly, as with any drug development, safety, efficacy, and specificity are crucial considerations when developing methyltransferase inhibitors for clinical applications. Thus, this review article presents the recently available therapies and those in development for advanced cutaneous melanoma therapy.

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Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar os fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho de cirurgiões-dentistas atuantes na cidade de Cuiabá (MT). Pesquisa quantitativa e transversal realizada em agosto de 2020 com 64 cirurgiões-dentistas. A avaliação da capacidade de trabalho foi realizada por meio do Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho (ICT), validado em português do Brasil. A análise de dados foi realizada pelos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov e qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher (p < 0,05). A pontuação média geral do ICT foi de 36,89 pontos. Entre as características avaliadas, apenas o último nível de ensino concluído e o tempo de trabalho no local atual apresentaram associação significativa com a classificação do ICT (p < 0,001 e de p = 0,007). Os cirurgiões-dentistas que atuam em Cuiabá (MT) apresentaram satisfatório ICT, sendo que foi encontrada associação entre o melhor ICT e o maior nível de escolaridade e maior tempo de atuação no trabalho atual

This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the work ability of dentists working in the city of Cuiabá (MT). Quantitative and cross-sectional research carried out in August 2020 with 64 dentists. The assessment of work ability was performed using the Work Ability Index (WAI), validated in Brazilian Portuguese. Data analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and chi-square tests or Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). The overall average ICT score was 36.89 points. Among the evaluated characteristics, only the last level of education completed and the time working in the current location showed a significant association with the WAI classification (p < 0.001 and p= 0.007). Dental surgeons who work in Cuiabá (MT) had a satisfactory ICT, and an association was found between the best ICT and the highest level of education and longer time working in the current job.

RESUMO

Transposable elements (TEs) produce structural variants and are considered an important source of genetic diversity. Notably, TE-gene fusion transcripts, i.e. chimeric transcripts, have been associated with adaptation in several species. However, the identification of these chimeras remains hindered due to the lack of detection tools at a transcriptome-wide scale, and to the reliance on a reference genome, even though different individuals/cells/strains have different TE insertions. Therefore, we developed ChimeraTE, a pipeline that uses paired-end RNA-seq reads to identify chimeric transcripts through two different modes. Mode 1 is the reference-guided approach that employs canonical genome alignment, and Mode 2 identifies chimeras derived from fixed or insertionally polymorphic TEs without any reference genome. We have validated both modes using RNA-seq data from four Drosophila melanogaster wild-type strains. We found ∼1.12% of all genes generating chimeric transcripts, most of them from TE-exonized sequences. Approximately ∼23% of all detected chimeras were absent from the reference genome, indicating that TEs belonging to chimeric transcripts may be recent, polymorphic insertions. ChimeraTE is the first pipeline able to automatically uncover chimeric transcripts without a reference genome, consisting of two running Modes that can be used as a tool to investigate the contribution of TEs to transcriptome plasticity.