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The objective of this work was to carry out a systematic review on the effectiveness of local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus spp. Searches were performed in the PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, Embase and Lilacs databases. As inclusion criteria, complete original articles, with in vitro experimental tests with the application of selected anesthetics and bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. This review followed the methodological checklist for writing papers reporting systematic reviews by the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed according to the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Analysis was performed using an anesthetic-moderated simple linear regression model. This systematic review was registered by the Open Science Framework-OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/C5JM7 ). Initially, 1141 articles were found, of which, after careful selection, 52 articles were analyzed. Lidocaine was the most commonly used anesthetic, being evaluated in 35 of the articles. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was the standard microorganism in 17 articles. The impact of the anesthetic concentration in relation to the antimicrobial effect was evaluated and the results showed that there was no statistically significant difference. (F [5, 12] = 0.688 p = 0.642), even when taking into account the moderator effect of anesthetics individually. Therefore, although the antimicrobial effect of local anesthetics was demonstrated in 82.7% of the studies evaluated, great heterogeneity of the results was found, which made it impossible to carry out a meta-analysis and make recommendations based on the evidence.
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Anestésicos Locais , Staphylococcus , Anestésicos Locais/farmacologia , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
QUESTIONS: What is the effect of preoperative respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after open cardiac surgery? What is the effect of RMT on the duration of mechanical ventilation, postoperative length of stay and respiratory muscle strength? DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised trials with meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Adults undergoing elective open cardiac surgery. INTERVENTION: The experimental groups received preoperative RMT and the comparison groups received no intervention. OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were PPCs, length of hospital stay, respiratory muscle strength, oxygenation and duration of mechanical ventilation. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the overall certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Eight trials involving 696 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the respiratory training group had fewer PPCs (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.70), less pneumonia (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.78), shorter hospital stay (MD -1.7 days, 95% CI -2.4 to -1.1) and higher maximal inspiratory pressure values at the end of the training protocol (MD 12 cmH2O, 95% CI 8 to 16). The mechanical ventilation time was similar in both groups. The quality of evidence was high for pneumonia, length of hospital stay and maximal inspiratory pressure. CONCLUSION: Preoperative RMT reduced the risk of PPCs and pneumonia after cardiac surgery. The training also improved the maximal inspiratory pressure and reduced hospital stay. The effects on PPCs were large enough to warrant use of RMT in this population. REGISTRATION: CRD42021227779.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Pneumonia , Adulto , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Pneumonia/prevenção & controle , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Eltrombopag is an agonist that binds to the membrane-bound domain of the thrombopoietin receptor used in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in adults and children with refractory ITP. Adults who received eltrombopag had a significantly better platelet response (relative risk [RR], 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39-5.55), but there were no differences in the incidence of bleeding (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.52-1.22) and adverse effects (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.55-1.78) compared with the placebo. In children, there was no difference between eltrombopag and placebo for a platelet response >50,000/mm3 (RR, 3.93; 95% CI, 0.56-27.79) and the number of adverse events (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.25-1.49); however, a lower incidence of bleeding was observed (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.83). Treatment with eltrombopag protected adults and children from severe disease and death.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the association of sedentary behavior and physical activity from childhood to adolescence with prevalence of low back pain in adolescents. In addition, we also explored whether sleep quality influences this association. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Participants (aged 10-17 years) were recruited from public and private schools in Brazil. Sedentary behavior and previous and current engagement in physical activity were assessed through questionnaires. Low back pain and sleep quality were assessed by the Nordic questionnaire and Mini-Sleep Questionnaire, respectively. Sex, age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, socioeconomic status and sleep quality were used as potential confounders. Binary logistic regression models were used to generate values of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A total of 1,001 (44,5% boys; n = 446) were included. Overall prevalence of low back pain was 18%, with higher rates among inactive and sedentary participants. Physical inactivity from childhood to adolescence in combination with high sedentary behavior doubled the likelihood of having low back pain (OR = 2.40 [95%CI: 1.38-4.18]), independent of potential confounders. Sleep quality attenuates, but not eliminates, this association (OR = 2.19 [95%CI: 1.25-3.84]). CONCLUSION: Being inactive from childhood to adolescence in combination with high sedentary behavior is associated with low back pain in adolescents. Sleep quality seems to attenuate, but not eliminate, this association.
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Dor Lombar , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
STUDY DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and low back pain (LBP) in adults from primary care settings, and to explore how sedentary behavior influences this association. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: LTPA is inversely associated with LBP. However, there is no study investigating this association in primary care settings from a middle-income country. Moreover, the influence of sedentary behavior in this association is unknown. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing longitudinal study with adults from Bauru, Brazil (nâ=â557). Data on physical activity, sedentary behavior (sitting time), LBP, body mass index (BMI), and chronic diseases were assessed by face-to-face interviews, physical evaluation, and medical records. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association of LTPA with the presence of LBP. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health variables were used as covariables in the multivariable models. RESULTS: The fully adjusted model showed that active participants were 33% less likely to have LBP when compared with those insufficiently active (odds ratios [OR]: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.46-0.98]). A significant association was found for active participants who spent less than 3âh/day sitting (OR: 0.45 [95% CI: 0.23-0.89]) but not for those who spent 3âh/day or more in sedentary activities (OR: 0.78 [95% CI: 0.48-1.27]). An inverse association of LTPA with LBP was observed in obese participants (ORâ=â0.49 [95% CI: 0.25-0.94]), but not in those with normal BMI and overweight. CONCLUSION: LTPA was inversely associated with the prevalence of LBP in adults from primary care. This association was influenced by sedentary behavior and BMI.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Índice de Massa Corporal , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Atividades de Lazer , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Comportamento Sedentário , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer/psicologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Dor Lombar/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/psicologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The number of questionnaires that measures physical activity levels has increased considerably. For Brazilian population it becomes a challenge, due to the need of a rigorous translation, adaptation and testing of measurement properties. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the methodological quality and criteria of physical activity questionnaires translated to Brazilian-Portuguese. METHODS: Methodological quality and quality criteria was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. RESULTS: Sixty-nine studies were included, the most frequent questionnaires investigated were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (n=16) and the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (n=12). Translation (n=13), reliability (n=37) and construct validity (n=44) were the measurement properties commonly investigated. For reliability, most studies were rated as 'adequate' for methodological quality. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient of the questionnaires ranged from 0.20 to 1.0. For construct validity, 31 analyses showed 'inadequate' methodological quality, due to poor description of the comparator instrument. High level of evidence on reliability were found for Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire, Self-administered Physical Activity Checklist and Physical Activity Questionnaire of the Surveillance System of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases; on construct validity for Self-administered Physical Activity Checklist, Physical activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, Physical activity Questionnaire for Older Children and Saúde naBoa Questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Most questionnaires showed poor methodological quality and measurement properties. The Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire and Self-administred Physical Activity Checklist showed better scorings for methodological quality and quality criteria. Further high methodological quality studies are still warranted.
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Comparação Transcultural , Exercício Físico , Brasil , Lista de Checagem , Criança , Humanos , Portugal , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The literature on physical activity practice through sports as a protective factor for back pain in adolescents is conflicting. However, few studies have aimed to verify if continuity of the practice of physical activity from childhood to adolescence may be related to lower chances of back pain in adolescents. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity practice from childhood to adolescence and back pain in adolescents. METHODS: The random sample was composed of 870 adolescents with a mean age of 13.7 ± 2.0 years. The continuity of physical activity practice was assessed through the continuity of sports practice from childhood to adolescence. Pain in the neck and low back were evaluated through a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of neck pain and low back pain in boys was 17.5% and in girls was 20.9% for neck pain and 21.9% for low back pain. Physical activity practice during childhood to adolescence was a protective factor for neck pain (OR = 0.57 [CI = 0.35-0.94]) and low back pain (OR = 0.53 [CI = 0.33-0.86]) in girls and neck pain in boys (OR = 0.52 [CI = 0.30-0.90]), even after adjusting for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Girls with physical activity practice during childhood to adolescence were less likely to develop neck pain and back pain when compared to girls who did not maintain practice of physical activity. Similar results were observed in boys considering neck pain.
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Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Cervicalgia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Cervicalgia/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Esportes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To compare trunk muscle thickness of women with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP) and to assess the association of trunk muscle thickness with self-reported pain of women with PFP. METHODS: Forty-four women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: a PFP group (n = 22) and a pain-free group (n = 22). The thickness of the following trunk muscles was obtained by B-mode ultrasound imaging: transversus abdominis, obliquus internus (OI), obliquus externus (OE), rectus abdominis, and multifidus. Self-reported pain was measured on a visual analog scale. RESULTS: The 44 participants were 18 to 35 years old. Women with PFP had lower thickness of the OI and OE than pain-free women, with moderate or large effect sizes ranging from -0.78 to -0.98, which was negatively related to self-reported pain correlations (r = -0.53 to -0.40). The contraction ratios of the OI and OE were also lower in women with PFP than in pain-free women (P < .05). No differences between groups were found for the transversus abdominis, multifidus, and rectus abdominis, with also no correlation with self-reported pain. CONCLUSIONS: Lower thickness of the OI and OE is present in women with PFP, which is related to self-reported pain. These findings might help in understanding the alterations in trunk biomechanics of individuals with PFP and the mechanisms by which interventions targeting trunk muscle strength are beneficial to individuals with PFP.
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Músculos Abdominais/anatomia & histologia , Músculos Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome da Dor Patelofemoral/fisiopatologia , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO Este estudo investigou a associação entre testes clínicos, desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico de pacientes com dor lombar crônica não específica. Para esta pesquisa, 20 pacientes, maiores de 18 anos, foram selecionados por conveniência e submetidos à avaliação dos desfechos clínicos por meio de Escala numérica de dor e Questionário de incapacidade. Para classificação de risco prognóstico utilizou-se o questionário STarT Back, e para avaliar o recrutamento do músculo transverso do abdome foram utilizados os seguintes testes clínicos: Escala de classificação clínica (ECC); e medida da espessura dos músculos do abdome por meio de imagens ultrassonográficas (MEM-US). Os testes foram realizados em um único dia por avaliador treinado, e a ordem dos testes foi aleatória. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson (r) e Spearman (rS) foram utilizados para investigar a associação. Os resultados mostraram que as associações entre o risco prognóstico de dor lombar com os desfechos clínicos, dor e incapacidade foram moderadas (r=0,68 e r=0,57, respectivamente). Para ECC, as associações com incapacidade e risco prognóstico foram consideradas razoáveis (r=-0,34 e r=-0,36, respectivamente). Não houve associações com a MEM-US. Na amostra de baixo risco prognóstico, a relação do ECC com a incapacidade foi considerada moderada para boa, enquanto para dor a correlação foi razoável (rS=-0,62 e rS=-0,24, respectivamente). Concluímos que existe associação entre ECC com desfechos clínicos e risco prognóstico, e a estratificação, segundo o risco prognóstico, aumenta a relação observada. Futuros estudos devem ser conduzidos com novas medidas para avaliação do recrutamento muscular abdominal com amostras maiores.
RESUMEN En este estudio se examinó la asociación entre las pruebas clínicas, los resultados clínicos y el riesgo pronóstico en sujetos con dolor crónico inespecífico. Para la investigación, se eligieron 20 sujetos, mayores de 18 años, por conveniencia, y se les sometieron a evaluación de resultados clínicos a través de la Escala numérica de dolor y del Cuestionario de incapacidad. Para clasificar el riesgo pronóstico, se empleó el cuestionario STarT Back, y para evaluar el reclutamiento del músculo transverso del abdomen se emplearon las siguientes pruebas clínicas: la Escala de clasificación clínica (ECC); y la medición de la espesura de los músculos del abdomen a través de imágenes ecográficas (MEM-ES). Las pruebas fueron aplicadas en un solo día por un evaluador entrenado, y el orden de las pruebas fue aleatorio. Se emplearon los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson (r) y Spearman (rS) para investigar la asociación. Los resultados mostraron que fueron moderadas las asociaciones entre el riesgo pronóstico de dolor lumbar con los resultados clínicos, dolor e incapacidad (r=0,68 y r=0,57, respectivamente). Para la ECC, se consideraron razonables las asociaciones entre incapacidad y riesgo pronóstico (r=-0,34 y r=-0,36, respectivamente). Con la MEM-ES no hubo asociaciones. En el muestreo de bajo riesgo pronóstico, la relación de la ECC con la incapacidad fue considerada de moderada a buena, mientras que fue razonable la correlación para dolor (rS=-0,62 y rS=-0,24, respectivamente). Se concluyó que hay asociación entre la ECC y los resultados clínicos y riesgo pronóstico, y la estratificación, según el riesgo pronóstico, aumenta la relación observada. Deben llevarse a cabo nuevas investigaciones con nuevas mediciones para evaluar el reclutamiento del músculo abdominal con muestras mayores.
ABSTRACT This study investigated the association between clinical trials, clinical outcomes and prognosis risk of patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methodology: Twenty patients, older than 18 years, were selected by convenience and submitted to evaluation of clinical outcomes through a numeric pain rating scale and a disability questionnaire. To classify prognostic risk, we used the STarT Back questionnaire, and to evaluate transverse abdominal muscle recruitment, we used the following clinical tests: clinical rating scale (CRS); and measure of the thickness of the abdominal muscles using ultrasonography images (MEM-US). The tests were performed in a single day by a trained evaluator in random order. Pearson (r) and Spearman (rs) correlations were used to investigate the association. Results: The associations between the prognostic risk of low back pain with clinical outcomes, pain and disability, were moderate (r=0.68 and r=0.57, respectively). For CRS, associations with disability and prognosis risk were considered reasonable (r=-0.34 and r=-0.36, respectively). There were no associations with the MEM-US. In the low prognostic risk sample, the CRS's relationship with disability was considered from moderate to good, while pain correction was reasonable (rs=-0.62; and rs=-0.24, respectively). Conclusion: We observed an association between CRS and clinical outcomes and prognostic risk, with stratification, according to prognostic risk, that increases the relationship observed. Future studies should be conducted with new measures for the evaluation of abdominal muscle recruitment with larger samples.
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Abstract Introduction: The benefits of side-shift therapy associated with a shoe lift in scoliosis can act by reorganizing the asymmetries found in these individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of side-shift therapy with or without a high or low shoe lift in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and Methods: 10 individuals of both genders, aged 13-24 years, were selected, with scoliosis "S" and right thoracic and left lumbar greater than 10º. Initially the order of the task was static and then dynamic, after which there was a draw for the conditions with the shoe lift. The values of postural angles during the five lateral tilt movements were obtained and also the minimum and maximum values of each movement. The average value of postural angle in the static position, without a shoe lift, was used as a reference. Results: The movement associated with the shoe lift demonstrated less significant results compared with the effect of the static shoe lift and the side-shift movements performed in isolation, no significant results in any angle were found. Discussion: Both movements, to the side of the convexity or to the opposite side, seemed to decrease the effect of the shoe lift. The side-shift movement performed in isolation failed to influence the postural angles in general, demonstrating that acute intervention may not be efficient. Conclusion: The influence of side-shift therapy associated with a high or low shoe lift on both sides was effective, but the shoe lift in the static position produced the most significant changes and therefore is considered a better intervention in order to prevent the progression of double curve in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.
Resumo Introdução: Os benefícios dos exercícios de inclinação lateral associado ao calço na escoliose pode atuar reorganizando as assimetrias encontradas nestes indivíduos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência do movimento de inclinação lateral associado ou não ao calço em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 10 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros na faixa etária de 13 a 24 anos com escoliose em "S", torácica direita e lombar esquerda maiores que 10º. Inicialmente a ordem da tarefa foi estática e posteriormente dinâmica, após isso houve o sorteio das condições com o calço. Os valores dos ângulos posturais durante os cinco movimentos de inclinação lateral foram obtidos, assim como os valores mínimos e máximos para cada angulo. O valor médio dos ângulos posturais na posição estática, sem calço, foi usado como referência. Resultados: o movimento associado ao calço obteve resultados menos significativos em comparação com o efeito do calço na posição estática e nos movimentos de inclinação lateral realizados isoladamente, não houve resultados significativos em nenhum ângulo. Discussão: o movimento, tanto para o lado da convexidade como para o lado oposto, parece influenciar de maneira a diminuir o efeito do calço isoladamente. O movimento de inclinação lateral realizados isoladamente não conseguiram influenciar nos ângulos posturais de maneira geral, demonstrando que uma intervenção aguda apenas talvez não seja eficiente. Conclusão: A influência do movimento de inclinação lateral associado ao calço alto e baixo em ambos os lados se mostrou eficaz, contudo só o calço na posição estática produziu mudanças mais significativas e, portanto, sendo considerado uma melhor intervenção no sentido de evitar a progressão de curvas duplas em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática.
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Introdução: A forma mais acessível para diagnosticar dores lombares e sacroilíacas são os testes ortopédicos. Objetivo: Apresentar confiabilidade e acurácia diagnóstica por meio dos índices de sensibilidade e especificidade de testes clínicos para avaliar a coluna lombar e articulações sacroilíacas. Métodos: Realizou- se revisão de literatura com palavras-chave e seus correspondentes em inglês, nas bases de dados: PubMed, Embase, SciELO e Bireme. Resultados: Encontraram-se 9.806 artigos, porém apenas sete foram incluídos no estudo. Os principais testes para avaliação da coluna lombar são: slump test , teste de Lasègue, teste de Schöber e de instabilidade segmentar. Para avaliar as disfunções sacroilíacas: teste de distração, compressão, thigh thrust , Gaenslen e teste de thrust sacral . Conclusão: O slump test e o teste de Lasègue apresentaram valores excelentes de especificidade e sensibilidade no diagnóstico de disfunções lombares. Os testes para avaliação sacroilíaca evidenciaram que dois ou mais testes positivos combinados demonstram melhores resultados nos índices estudados.
Introduction: The most accessible and usual way for clinically diagnose lumbar and sacroiliac pain is the use of clinical orthopedic tests. Objective: To search support standard values for reliability and diagnostic accuracy for assessment of pain in the lumbar and sacroiliac joints. Methods: A systematic review in research databases such as PubMed, Embase, SciELO and Bireme was carried out. Results: From the 9.806 articles found, only seven were included in this review. The most usual orthopedic tests found for the assessment of the lumbar spine were the slump, Lasègue, Schöber and the segmentar instability tests. To assess the sacroiliac dysfunctions, the distraction, compression, thigh thrust, Gaenslen and the sacral thrust tests were the most prevalent. Conclusion: To diagnose lumbar dysfunctions slump and Lasègue tests have shown the best results of specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Two or more tests combined showed to be more reliable to assess the sacroiliac joint.