RESUMO

Spinetails are a suboscine passerines of the genus Synallaxis Vieillot, 1818 which have great interest for ornithology, given the wide diversity of 37 species that are distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Despite this wide diversity and distribution, Synallaxis spp. have never been recorded as hosts of coccidian parasites. In this context, the current study describes a new species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 from rufous-capped spinetails Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot, 1819 captured in the Itatiaia National Park, which is a federal conservation unit in Southeastern Brazil. The oocysts of Isospora pichororei Genovez-Oliveira & Berto n. sp. are subspheroidal to ovoidal, measuring on average 25 by 21 µm. Micropyle is present, but discrete. Oocyst residuum absent, but one or two polar granules are present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal with slightly pointed posterior end, measuring on average 17 by 10 µm. Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies are present. Sporocyst residuum is clustered among the vermiform sporozoites, which have striations, refractile bodies and nucleus. This morphology was different from the other Isospora spp. recorded in the host family Furnariidae. Molecular identification was targeted by the amplification and sequencing of a locus of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. This sequence had the highest similarity of 99.5% with a sequence deposited for Isospora oliveirai Ortúzar-Ferreira & Berto, 2020, which is a coccidian species that parasitizes suboscine tityrids Schiffornis virescens (Lafresnaye, 1838), also in the Itatiaia National Park. Phylogenetic analysis grouped some species in subclades, including I. pichororei with I. oliveirai; however, it was inconclusive in an expectation of parasite-host coevolution. Finally, I. pichororei is established as new to science, being the first description from Synallaxinae and the third description from Furnariidae. Furthermore, this is the first Isospora sp. from the host family Furnariidae to have a molecular supplementation by sequencing a locus of the cox1 gene of the mitochondrial genome.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the current work, Isospora massardi Lopes, Berto, Luz, Galvão, Ferreira & Lopes, [10] is identified from white-necked thrushes Turdus albicollis Vieillot, 1818, rufous-bellied thrushes Turdus rufiventris Vieillot, 1818 and from a new host, the yellow-legged thrush Turdus flavipes (Vieillot, 1818) in a new locality, the Itatiaia National Park, in Southeastern Brazil, providing a preliminary genotypic characterization via sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA genes. The oocysts and sporocysts of I. massardi of the current study are morphologically similar to the original description and are uniform in the proportionality of width on length, but exhibited different patterns of size associated with each host species. Furthermore, a genotypic difference of 3% was found in the COI sequences from T. flavipes and T. albicollis. Therefore, an ecological discussion is introduced aimed at associating these morphometric and genotypic differences with an ongoing speciation process.

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RESUMO

Aspergillus carbonarius is a saprobic filamentous fungus, food spoiling fungus and a producer of ochratoxin A (OTA) mycotoxin. In this study, the in vitro antifungal activity of neem oil (0.12% p/p of azadirachtin) was evaluated against the growth of six strains of A. carbonarius and the production of OTA. Four different concentrations of neem oil were tested in addition to three incubation times. Only the concentration of 0.3% of neem oil inhibited more than 95% of the strain's growth (97.6% ± 0.5%), while the use of 0.5% and 1.0% of neem oil showed lower antifungal activity, 40.2% ± 3.1 and 64.7% ± 1.1, respectively. There was a complete inhibition of OTA production with 0.1% and 0.3% neem oil in the four strains isolated in the laboratory from grapes. The present study shows that neem essential oil can be further evaluated as an auxiliary method for the reduction of mycelial growth and OTA production.

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RESUMO

Las micotoxinas determinan pérdidas económicas significativas a la ganadería porcina y los adsorbentes de pared celular de levadura son una alternativa para reducir este problema. Considerando que la efectividad de estos tipos de adsorbentes son dependientes de la cepa, con variabilidad de la respuesta como una función de la composición de la pared celular de levadura utilizada, es necesario revisar cada nuevo producto antes de su comercialización. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de un aditivo anti-micotoxinas (AAM) basado en la pared celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , en la prevención de micotoxicosis como resultado de la ingestión de zearalenona (ZEA). Fueron utilizadas 36 cerdas jóvenes, cuyas dietas tenían dos niveles de inclusión de AAM (0,0 y 0,2%) y tres niveles de inclusión de ZEA (0,0, 0,25 y 0,6 6 mg kg-1 o ppm). El ensayo tuvo duración total de 21 días, y se llevaran a cabo evaluaciones semanales de: peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y el volumen de la vulva, también se calcularon los pesos relativos de hígado, tracto reproductivo total y conjunto útero-ovário vagina. La adición de 0.0% de AAM con 0,6 o 0,25 ppm ZEA en las dietas de las cerdas prepúberes causó signos clínicos de hiperestrogenismo. La adición de AAM en las dietas que contienen ZEA demostró ser una buena alternativa para reducir los efectos tóxicos de esta micotoxina.(AU)

Mycotoxins determine important economic losses to the swine and adsorbents based on yeast cell wall are an alternative to reduce this problem. Whereas the effectiveness of these types of adsorbents is strain-dependent, with response variability depending on the composition of the yeast cell wall used, it becomes necessary assessment of each new product prior to its commercialization. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-mycotoxin additives (AMA) based on the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , in preventing mycotoxicosis caused by ingestion of zearalenone (ZEA). A total of 36 pre-pubertal gilts, whose diets had two levels of AAM (0.0 and 0.2 %) and three inclusion levels of ZEA (0.0, 0.25 and 0.6 mg kg-1 or ppm). The experimental period extended to 21 days and weekly, was measured the parameters: live weight, weight gain, feed intake and vulvar volume; relative weights of liver, total reproductive tract and the set uterus-ovaryvagina were also calculated. The addition of 0.0% AMA with 0.6 or 0.25 mg kg-1 ZEA in the diet of pre-pubertal gilts caused clinical signs of hyperestrogenic. The addition of the AMA in diets containing ZEA proved to be a good alternative for reducing the toxic effects of this mycotoxin.(AU)

As micotoxinas determinam perdas econômicas importantes para suinocultura e os adsorventes à base de parede celular de leveduras são uma alternativa para reduzir este problema. Considerando que a eficácia desses tipos de adsorventes são linhagemdependentes, apresentando variabilidade de resposta em função da composição da parede celular da levedura utilizada, torna-se necessária a avaliação de cada novo produto antes de sua comercialização. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um aditivo anti-micotoxina (AAM) à base de parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , na prevenção da micotoxicose decorrente da ingestão de zearalenona (ZEA). Foram utilizadas 36 leitoas pré-púberes cujas dietas apresentaram dois níveis de inclusão de AAM (0,0 e 0,2%) e três níveis de inclusão de ZEA (0,0; 0,25 e 0,6 mg kg-1 ou ppm). O período experimental teve duração total de 21 dias, sendo realizadas avaliações semanais de: peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e volume vulvar; pesos relativos de fígado, trato reprodutivo total e o conjunto útero-ovário-vagina também foram calculados. A adição de 0,0% AAM com 0,6 ou 0,25 ppm ZEA na dieta de leitoas pré-púberes causou sinais clínicos de hiperestrogenismo. A adição do AAM nas dietas contendo ZEA demonstrou ser uma alternativa estatisticamente significativa para redução dos efeitos tóxicos desta micotoxina.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Las micotoxinas determinan pérdidas económicas significativas a la ganadería porcina y los adsorbentes de pared celular de levadura son una alternativa para reducir este problema. Considerando que la efectividad de estos tipos de adsorbentes son dependientes de la cepa, con variabilidad de la respuesta como una función de la composición de la pared celular de levadura utilizada, es necesario revisar cada nuevo producto antes de su comercialización. Así, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de un aditivo anti-micotoxinas (AAM) basado en la pared celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , en la prevención de micotoxicosis como resultado de la ingestión de zearalenona (ZEA). Fueron utilizadas 36 cerdas jóvenes, cuyas dietas tenían dos niveles de inclusión de AAM (0,0 y 0,2%) y tres niveles de inclusión de ZEA (0,0, 0,25 y 0,6 6 mg kg-1 o ppm). El ensayo tuvo duración total de 21 días, y se llevaran a cabo evaluaciones semanales de: peso corporal, ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y el volumen de la vulva, también se calcularon los pesos relativos de hígado, tracto reproductivo total y conjunto útero-ovário vagina. La adición de 0.0% de AAM con 0,6 o 0,25 ppm ZEA en las dietas de las cerdas prepúberes causó signos clínicos de hiperestrogenismo. La adición de AAM en las dietas que contienen ZEA demostró ser una buena alternativa para reducir los efectos tóxicos de esta micotoxina.

Mycotoxins determine important economic losses to the swine and adsorbents based on yeast cell wall are an alternative to reduce this problem. Whereas the effectiveness of these types of adsorbents is strain-dependent, with response variability depending on the composition of the yeast cell wall used, it becomes necessary assessment of each new product prior to its commercialization. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-mycotoxin additives (AMA) based on the yeast cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , in preventing mycotoxicosis caused by ingestion of zearalenone (ZEA). A total of 36 pre-pubertal gilts, whose diets had two levels of AAM (0.0 and 0.2 %) and three inclusion levels of ZEA (0.0, 0.25 and 0.6 mg kg-1 or ppm). The experimental period extended to 21 days and weekly, was measured the parameters: live weight, weight gain, feed intake and vulvar volume; relative weights of liver, total reproductive tract and the set uterus-ovaryvagina were also calculated. The addition of 0.0% AMA with 0.6 or 0.25 mg kg-1 ZEA in the diet of pre-pubertal gilts caused clinical signs of hyperestrogenic. The addition of the AMA in diets containing ZEA proved to be a good alternative for reducing the toxic effects of this mycotoxin.

As micotoxinas determinam perdas econômicas importantes para suinocultura e os adsorventes à base de parede celular de leveduras são uma alternativa para reduzir este problema. Considerando que a eficácia desses tipos de adsorventes são linhagemdependentes, apresentando variabilidade de resposta em função da composição da parede celular da levedura utilizada, torna-se necessária a avaliação de cada novo produto antes de sua comercialização. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de um aditivo anti-micotoxina (AAM) à base de parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Safmannan® , na prevenção da micotoxicose decorrente da ingestão de zearalenona (ZEA). Foram utilizadas 36 leitoas pré-púberes cujas dietas apresentaram dois níveis de inclusão de AAM (0,0 e 0,2%) e três níveis de inclusão de ZEA (0,0; 0,25 e 0,6 mg kg-1 ou ppm). O período experimental teve duração total de 21 dias, sendo realizadas avaliações semanais de: peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e volume vulvar; pesos relativos de fígado, trato reprodutivo total e o conjunto útero-ovário-vagina também foram calculados. A adição de 0,0% AAM com 0,6 ou 0,25 ppm ZEA na dieta de leitoas pré-púberes causou sinais clínicos de hiperestrogenismo. A adição do AAM nas dietas contendo ZEA demonstrou ser uma alternativa estatisticamente significativa para redução dos efeitos tóxicos desta micotoxina.

Assuntos